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Topic: Commonwealth

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	Commonwealth Press Union
		The Commonwealth Press Union is an association whose members are newspaper groups (some with several hundred newspapers), newspapers and news agencies in 49 countries of the Commonwealth.
		The Commonwealth Press Union condemns the coup in Fiji and urges the leaders not to interfere with the functioning of the press.
		The Communications and Public Affairs Division of the Commonwealth Secretariat is seeking a young journalist from the following Asian countries; Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Malaysia, Maldives, Pakistan, Singapore and Sri Lanka, to undertake an attachment with the Secretariat in London from July to December 2006.
	www.cpu.org.uk (967 words)

	CBC News Indepth: The Commonwealth
		The Commonwealth is a collection of 54 countries drawn largely from the former British Empire.
		The Commonwealth had suspended the African country after President Robert Mugabe was accused of rigging his re-election.
		There are many other Commonwealth foundations and associations run under the aegis of the secretariat including the Commonwealth Business Network, the Commonwealth Foundation (arts), the Commonwealth Science Foundation, the Commonwealth of Learning, and the Commonwealth Business Council.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/commonwealth (812 words)

	Commonwealth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a loose alliance or confederation consisting of 12 of the 15 former Soviet Republics.
		The Commonwealth of England was the official name of the political unit (de facto military rule in the name of parliamentary supremacy) that replaced the kingdoms of Scotland and England (after the English Civil War) under the rule of Oliver Cromwell and his son and successor Richard from 1649 to 1660.
		This was the Commonwealth of the Philippines in free association with the USA between 1935 and 1946.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commonwealth (942 words)

	Commonwealth of Nations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as The Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former territories of the British Empire.
		Commonwealth membership was held to have lapsed until 1997, after racist provisions in the republican constitution were repealed and reapplication for membership made.
		The Commonwealth has often been likened to an English gentlemen's club, and the issue of who is and who is not a member often seems to be more important, and certainly attracts much more attention, than what the organisation actually does.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations (3708 words)

	The Commonwealth - The Commonwealth of Learning (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Commonwealth is described as a "family" of nations, originally linked together in the British Empire, and now building on their common heritage in language, culture and education, which enables them to work together in an atmosphere of greater trust and understanding than generally prevails among nations.
		The Institute of Commonwealth Studies is a postgraduate academic institution devoted to the study of the Commonwealth.
		When the Commonwealth Games were staged for the fourth time in Canada in 1994, the event attracted 2,446 of the world’s top athletes from 63 nations (Commonwealth countries and associated states and territories), all of whom were competing for the honour of the Commonwealth Gold.
	www.col.org /comover.htm (1708 words)

	The Commonwealth - magazine - central - British Council - LearnEnglish
		The Commonwealth is a group of 54 countries, spread all over the globe, north to south, east to west.
		The Commonwealth is active in a huge number of areas, including ecology, health and economics, providing and sharing information, training and expertise to further the aims of the organisation.
		Commonwealth Day is held in the second week of March every year, where Commonwealth citizens, particularly children, have a chance to celebrate their friendship.
	www.britishcouncil.org /learnenglish-central-magazine-commonwealth.htm (578 words)

	Warnings and Cautions for Writers--Case Studies
		Commonwealth, which identified itself as a "subsidy" publisher (the implication being that the writer was contributing only a portion of the cost) typically charged $4,500 for publication, with a promised print run of 10,000.
		Commonwealth Publications and the Perils of Subsidy Presses, an article from the National Writers Union.
		Also like Commonwealth, it claimed to be a "subsidy" publisher, and to provide a range of supporting services for its authors, including editing, marketing and distribution.
	www.sfwa.org /beware/cases.html (3283 words)

	History of the Commonwealth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1911, the forerunner of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association was established, followed in 1913 by the Universities Bureau of the British Empire (now the Association of Commonwealth Universities).
		The Commonwealth's principled opposition to all forms of racism, and especially apartheid, led to the withdrawal of South Africa in 1961.
		For the Commonwealth, apart from the successful birth of Zimbabwe and the continuing struggle against apartheid in South Africa, the 1980s was the decade of Expert Group reports.
	www.chogm99.org /what/history1.htm (1351 words)

	CIS: State Symbols
		Commonwealths are states, but the reverse is not true.
		There also may have been some anti-monarchic sentiment in using the word "Commonwealth." The name, which in the eighteenth century was used to mean "republic", can be traced to the second draft of the state Constitution, written by John Adams and accepted by the people in 1780.
		Although the Commonwealth is not overly blessed with mineral resources, it is one of the few locations in the world where this usually jet fl material with a brilliant submetallic luster is found.
	www.sec.state.ma.us /cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm (2443 words)

	VA Secretary of the Commonwealth: FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Anyone wishing to become a notary public for the Commonwealth of Virginia must submit a completed application for appointment as notary to the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth along with a fee of $35.00 made payable to the Treasurer of Virginia.
		Section 7.1-31.1 of the Code of Virginia provides that the seals of the Commonwealth are deemed the property of the Commonwealth; and no persons shall exhibit, display, or in any manner utilize the seals or any facsimile or representation of the seals of the Commonwealth for nongovernmental purposes unless such use is specifically authorized.
		Pursuant to Section 2.2-122 of the Code of Virginia, the seals of the Commonwealth may be authorized for commercial purposes upon a finding that such use promotes an appropriate image of the Commonwealth, its heritage and its history, and that such use is carried out in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth.
	www.commonwealth.virginia.gov /FAQs/FAQs.cfm (3722 words)

	Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
		The government of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall be republican in form and its legislative, judicial and executive branches as established by this Constitution shall be equally subordinate to the sovereignty of the people of Puerto Rico.
		The power of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to impose and collect taxes and to authorize their imposition and collection by municipalities shall be exercised as determined by the Legislative Assembly and shall never be surrendered or suspended.
		The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico shall be the successor of the People of Puerto Rico for all purposes, including without limitation the collection and payments of debts and liabilities in accordance with their terms.
	welcome.topuertorico.org /constitu.shtml (6369 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Profile: The Commonwealth
		Leader: Queen Elizabeth II As head of the Commonwealth, the Queen is recognised by its members as the "symbol of their free association".
		Also, on every Commonwealth Day, which is the second Monday in March, she broadcasts a message to all member countries.
		Commonwealth Games 2002, held in Manchester, UK Unlike the United Nations, Commonwealth members have no contractual obligations, but members commit themselves to the statements of beliefs set out by heads of government.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1554175.stm (732 words)

	Secretary of the Commonwealth
		In fact, Latinos are among the fastest- growing ethnic groups in the state, with native-born U.S. citizens coming here from all parts of the country, and foreign-born residents coming from all over the world.
		All Virginians are encouraged to participate in the government of our Commonwealth by offering to serve on a board or commission, or by recommending qualified candidates.
		We are actively seeking qualified Virginians to serve their Commonwealth.
	www.commonwealth.virginia.gov (337 words)

	Kentucky as a Commonwealth - Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives
		To be a commonwealth meant that all power was vested in and derived from a equally free and independent people rather than a hierarchical and/or feudal system under a king.
		In modern times, to be a "commonwealth" of the United States means to be "a self-governing, autonomous political unit voluntarily associated with the United States, namely, Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands." (Dictionary.com) A few of the differences between contemporary commonwealth status and statehood are:
		The commonwealth has no voting representation in Congress and citizens of a commonwealth are not allowed to vote in presidential elections.
	www.kdla.ky.gov /resources/KYCommonwealth.htm (503 words)

	Andromeda Cultures - The Systems Commonwealth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Systems Commonwealth was 10,000 years old and had 1,247,000 member worlds before the Nietzscheans ended it with the war.
		The presence of humans in the Commonwealth was the direct result of actions by the Perseids.
		His new crew are almost as committed to the restoration of the Commonwealth as he is. His closest ally is the Andromeda with a fanatically loyal computer and whopping arsenal of weapons, devices and offensive gadgets at his command.
	www.sadgeezer.com /andromeda/andromeda_cultures_commonwealth.htm (872 words)

	Commonwealth Foreign & Commonwealth Office
		The United Kingdom is one of the Commonwealth's 53 sovereign, independent member countries and one of its largest contributors.
		The modern Commonwealth comprises nearly one-third of the world's countries and its combined population of 1.7 billion people accounts for a quarter of the world's inhabitants.
		Commonwealth Day events are co-ordinated jointly through the Council of Commonwealth Societies and the Commonwealth Secretariat.
	www.fco.gov.uk /servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029393654 (264 words)

	Commonwealth Secretariat - About us (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Commonwealth is an association of 53 independent states consulting and co-operating in the common interests of their peoples and in the promotion of international understanding and world peace.
		The Commonwealth’s 1.8 billion citizens, about 30 per cent of the world’s population, are drawn from the broadest range of faiths, races, cultures and traditions.
		The Commonwealth Secretariat is headed by the Commonwealth Secretary General and is located at Marlborough House in London.
	www.thecommonwealth.org /Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=20596 (335 words)

	The Monarchy Today > Queen and Commonwealth > Origins (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This was accepted in the London Declaration agreed at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 1949, provided that India accepted The King (George VI) 'as the symbol of the free association of the independent Member Nations and as such Head of the Commonwealth'.
		Member countries of the Commonwealth can therefore have different constitutions: a republic with a president as Head of State (India, South Africa); an indigenous monarchy (Lesotho, Malaysia, Swaziland, Tonga); a sultanate (Brunei); an elected Paramount Chieftaincy (Western Samoa); or a realm recognising The Queen as Sovereign (for example, Canada, Australia, Barbados).
		Today, as The Queen declared in a Silver Jubilee speech in 1977, the Commonwealth symbolises: 'the transformation of the Crown from an emblem of dominion into a symbol of free and voluntary association.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page341.asp (379 words)

	Kentucky Tourism - Kentucky Facts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Kentucky is one of four states to call itself a "commonwealth." In 1792 when Kentucky became the 15th state - the first on the western frontier - both "commonwealth" and "state" were used.
		Commonwealth, meaning government based on the common consent of the people, dates to the time of Oliver Cromwell's England in the mid-1600s.
		Bluegrass is not really blue - it's green - but in the spring, bluegrass produces bluish-purple buds that, when seen in large fields, give a rich blue cast to the grass.
	travel.ky.gov /facts_symbols.aspx (391 words)

	VisitPA :: Facts & History
		Pennsylvania is officially a Commonwealth, a word which comes from Old English and means the "common weal" or well-being of the public.
		Authorized by the General Assembly in 1791, the Seal of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a symbol of authenticity which verifies that proclamations, commissions and other papers of state are legal and official.
		The official state song of the Commonwealth was written and composed by Eddie Khoury and Ronnie Bonner and is the official song for all public purposes.
	www.visitpa.com /visitpa/facts.do (1056 words)

	The Monarchy Today > Queen and Commonwealth > Commonwealth realms (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The modern Commonwealth of Australia originated in January 1901, when the former British colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia and Tasmania federated under the name of the Commonwealth of Australia.
		In 1949, to facilitate the desire of India and Pakistan to become republics, George VI was recognised as 'Head of the Commonwealth', while remaining the personal sovereign of those countries within the Commonwealth association who wished to retain a monarchical system of government.
		Respect for the particular circumstances of The Queen's Commonwealth realms was secured by providing that legislation on the Royal Title was to be enacted separately by each of The Queen's Commonwealth realms, that is, each Commonwealth country which retained a monarchical constitution recognising The Queen as Sovereign.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page345.asp (1536 words)

	Commonwealth Party Main
		The Commonwealth Party is a party that favors limited government, regional/local autonomy and opposes government oppressions such as: over taxation, prohibition drug policy, overregulation in business, government waste and mismanagement, the policies of the welfare state and the over use of government.
		The Commonwealth Party however entertains the secession of any or all of the current 50 states should it come to a head -- that is all of America should secede from itself and reconfigure into the Commonwealth.
		RELIGION: Commonwealths defend the rights of citizens to practice their religion in accordance with the Constitution and resist the official establishment or prohibition of any religion in accordance with the Constitution.
	home.att.net /~CommonwealthParty/main.htm (4303 words)

	Introducing the Commonwealth, United Nations and Commonwealth Division, NZ Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Commonwealth is the outcome of an ongoing evolution.
		It began to emerge in the nineteenth century as countries shifted from colonial to dominion status (conferring internal self-government and considerable freedom in external relations, and coming to imply equality with Britain), culminating in the 1931 Statute of Westminster (conferring sovereign status on the Dominions).
		The apex of the association’s governmental activities is the biennial meeting of Commonwealth Heads of Government, where the policy and activities of the Commonwealth are decided.
	www.mfat.govt.nz /foreign/unc/commonwealth/introcw.html (440 words)

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