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	The Paris Commune (1871)
		As one communard asked on voting day "What does legality mean at a time of revolution" This search for a return to legality brings out the moderation of the revolutionaries so far.
		However many of the communards knew this was to be their last stand and were pleased to take Paris with them.
		Those not killed in the fighting were lined up against a wall in the eastern corner of the cemetery and shot, the killings continued there for several days.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/talks/paris.html (4360 words)

	The Paris Commune, 1871 - A short account by the WSM \| libcom.org
		42 men, 3 women and 4 children were shot in front of a wall, a court martial was improvised in a house on rue de Rosiers and for the rest of the week batches of prisoners were taken there to be executed.
		However many of the communards knew this was to be their last stand and were pleased to take Paris with them.
		Those not killed in the fighting were lined up against a wall in the eastern corner of the cemetery and shot, the killings continued there for several days.
	libcom.org /library/paris-commune-wsm-account (4446 words)

	Paris Commune (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On May 21 a gate in the western part of the fortified city wall of Paris was forced and Versaillese troops began the reconquest of the city, first occupying the prosperous western districts where they were made welcome by those residents who had not left Paris after the armistice.
		Some of the Communards were shot against what is now known as the Communards' Wall in the Père Lachaise cemetery while thousands of others were marched to Versailles for trials.
		The Communards chose not to seize the bank's assets because they were afraid that the world would condemn them if they did.
	www.paris-walking-tours.com /pariscommune.html (2573 words)

	The Paris Commune, 1871 - Article @ The Spark
		The Communards still had too much respect for the law which defended the property of the bourgeoisie.
		The Communards thought it would be easy for the rest of the country to simply imitate Paris.
		A Communard general was captured at the beginning of the fighting.
	the-spark.net /o_pariscom.html (4042 words)

	Paris (city, France) - MSN Encarta
		The wall, since known as Federates’ Wall (Mur des Fédéraux), is now a shrine in their honor.
		In 1919, after the end of the war, Paris’s fortification wall was demolished and it became an open city once again.
		Low-income housing estates were built in place of the wall and around the city’s periphery to deal with acute housing shortages.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761561798_10/Paris_(city_France).html (1423 words)

	05.03.2006 - Listening for the not-so-faint echo of the '60s
		Northern California communards, in 1974, prepare to set in place the door - constructed of wood salvaged from a building on the Berkeley campus - for their community house.
		Some were subjected to FBI surveillance and hostility from local residents or authorities, such as skirmishes over alleged violations of local regulations (known by the communard community in Mendocino as the "code wars").
		Many communes were riven by drug abuse, the trials of childbearing and childrearing, the destructive influence of charismatic but autocratic male leaders, and the "fl hole of the marijuana economy," as Boal put it, which some Northern California communes seized upon as a means of economic survival.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/berkeleyan/2006/05/03_communes.shtml (855 words)

	alain dalotel \| the paris commune 1871
		We are now in front of the Fédéré wall, where a number of Communards are buried.
		So, it must be said that the Communards were totally opposed to all forms of hierarchy.
		One thing for certain is that this wall of the Fédérés has seen all sorts of things.
	www.republicart.net /disc/aeas/dalotel01_en.htm (2858 words)

	Never Paint Again UK wall coatings, painting & decorating, rendering, wallcoatings, coatings, DIY & home ...
		In today's construction, a building's wall will usually have the structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in a house wall), insulation, and finish elements, or surface (such as drywall or panelling).
		Retaining walls are a special type of wall, that may be either external to a building or part of a building, that serves to provide a barrier to the movement of earth, stone or water.
		There are several types of decorative exterior wall finish you could choose for your home, I hope that you can stick around for a while on this website and go an explore some of the possibilities you have to repair and decorate your home walls.
	www.neverpaintagain.co.uk /article/wall-walls-different-types-of (942 words)

	Communards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Communards were the supporters/members of the short-lived 1871 Paris Commune formed in the disturbed period immediately after the Franco-Prussian War.
		According to historian Benedict Anderson, roughly 20,000 Communards were executed in one week, 7,500 jailed or deported, while thousands fled abroad during the Semaine Sanglante (Bloody Week).
		Then Versailles seized the moment to attack and, in one horrifying week, executed roughly 20,000 Communards or suspected sympathizers, a number higher than those killed in the recent war or during Robespierre’s ‘Terror’ of 1793–94.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Communards (311 words)

	History of Art: History of Photography
		The location othe picture might be the Pere Lachaise Cemetery, at the time the center for the executions, or the walls around the Jardin du Luxembourg, where "mountains of bodies" were also reported.
		The naked torsos of the corpses one, three, four, six, and seven may be an indication that they died heroically with their chests bared.
		But our picture of the executed Communards does not appear on its pages, nor does a variant (now at the University of Texas in Austin), depicting seven Communards, this time unclothed, in their coffins.
	www.all-art.org /history658_photography13-8.html (2195 words)

	Communards' Wall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To the French left, especially socialists and communists, the wall became the symbol of the people’s struggle for their liberty and ideals.
		During the spring of 1871 the last of the combatants of the Commune entrenched themselves in the cemetery.
		The Armée versaillaise, which was summoned to suppress the Commune, had control over the area towards the end of the afternoon of May 28, and shot all of the prisoners against the wall.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communards'_Wall (440 words)

	Storybook commune / Gentle satire from Swedish filmmaker
		Moodysson creates a droll polarity between the hippies and their middle- class visitors, and adds another viewpoint with a pair of snoopy, middle-class neighbors who spy on the communards with binoculars.
		Only at the end, when Goran's idealism is pushed to the wall and he reacts against the limitations of an open relationship, does "Together" turn glib and conventional.
		But when the remaining communards gather for a game of backyard football, and invite one of the snoops from next door to join in, there's a sense of forgiveness, a friendly acknowledgment that none of us can afford to shut out those who don't agree with us.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2001/09/14/DD170000.DTL&type=printable (566 words)

	CHNN, No 10, Spring 2001: Feature
		The original wall, bullet holes and all, survived until the 1960s when it was replaced by the present memorial in the form of a wall bearing the words:
		On land directly opposite to the wall are the graves of three men whose lives encompass a very large slice of the history of French communism.
		In any case, the space in front of the Wall of the Communards is now much more cramped than it was in the 1940s and 50s as new memorials have encroached upon previously open ground and there is no longer room for the old-style mass rallies.
	les.man.ac.uk /chnn/CHNN10RGP.html (1256 words)

	Introduction \| libcom.org
		The forts were surrendered, the outer wall disarmed, the weapons of the regiments of the line and of the Mobile Guard were handed over, and they themselves considered prisoners of war.
		On the western front they advanced gradually, capturing the numerous villages and buildings which extended up to the city wall, until they reached the main wall itself; on the 21st, thanks to treachery and the carelessness of the National Guards stationed there, they succeeded in forcing their way into the city.
		The "Wall of the Federals" [aka Wall of the Communards] at the Pere Lachaise cemetery, where the final mass murder was consummated, is still standing today, a mute but eloquent testimony to the savagery of which the ruling class is capable as soon as the working class dares to come out for its rights.
	libcom.org /library/CivilWarFranceKarlMarxIntro (2778 words)

	The Civil War in France
		Written by Karl Marx as an address to the General Council of the International, with the aim of distributing to workers of all countries a clear understanding of the character and world-wide significance of the heroic struggle of the Communards and their historical experience to learn from.
		The forts were surrendered, the outer wall disarmed, the weapons of the regiments of the line and of the Mobile Guard were handed over, and they themselves considered prisoners of war.
		The "Wall of the Federals" [aka Wall of the Communards] at the Pere Lachaise cemetery, where the final mass murder was consummated, is still standing today, a mute but eloquent testimony to the savagery of which the ruling class is capable as soon as the working class dares to come out for its rights.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/intro.htm (2665 words)

	CHNN, No 10, Spring 2001: Feature
		The original wall, bullet holes and all, survived until the 1960s when it was replaced by the present memorial in the form of a wall bearing the words:
		On land directly opposite to the wall are the graves of three men whose lives encompass a very large slice of the history of French communism.
		In any case, the space in front of the Wall of the Communards is now much more cramped than it was in the 1940s and 50s as new memorials have encroached upon previously open ground and there is no longer room for the old-style mass rallies.
	www.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk /chnn/CHNN10RGP.html (1256 words)

	Dread Scott
		The photographs are images from the Paris Commune, the Russian Revolution and the Chinese revolution—revolutions where the proletariat held power and was attempting to lead all of humanity to a classless communist world.
		The images include photographs of communards from 1871 standing around a toppled statue of Napoleon, an agit-prop train with an eager crowd gathered around a Victrola in 1919; university walls in Beijing in 1970 covered with hand made “big character posters” polemicizing for the author’s view on how transform society.
		For this installation, the work is installed on all sides of a “floating wall.” The audience can view all sides of the work.
	dreadscott.net /100Flowers.html (194 words)

	MySpace.com - LA COMMUNE DE PARIS - FR - Folk - www.myspace.com/communardsetpetroleuses
		Some of the Communards were shot against what is now known as the Communards' Wall in the Père Lachaise cemetery while thousands of others were tried by summary courts martial of doubtful legality, and thousands shot.
		Communards killed in 1871.According to Alfred Cobban, 30,000 were killed, perhaps as many as 50,000 later executed or imprisoned and 7,000 were exiled to New Caledonia [3].
		She was with the Communards who made their last stand in the cemetery of Montmartre, and was closely allied with Théophile Ferré, who was executed in November 1871.
	profile.myspace.com /index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendid=118129654 (7830 words)

	The Paris Commune told in pictures
		The masses were aroused to a revolutionary fervor: their guns could be swung toward the bourgeoisie within the walls as easily as against the foe without.
		The Communards, fighting valiantly, were driven to a last stand in one small section of Paris.
		A part of "The Wall of the Communards" still stands; and the sculptured faces that peer from it are at once a challenge to capitalist rule and a monument to the martyrs of the Commune.
	www.katardat.org /marxuniv/2002-COMPARIS/comparis-text/comparis-strip.html (841 words)

	The Paris Commune - Workers Solidarity Movement
		On high the red flag was flying as it had done ever since 18 March and guns saluted the proclamation of the Paris Commune...
		This is the notes for a talk given to a WSM meeting in October 1993 that was heavily based on The Communards of Paris, 1871: edited by Stewart Edwards, and published by Cornell Paperbacks; CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS
		The very last barricade held out for a quarter of an hour defended by a single man. He fired his last shot and walked away and so by Sunday the 28th of May the Commune had completely collapsed.
	www.wsm.ie /story/3136 (4547 words)

	Paris Commune
		Although the Communards did not know at the time of their involvement, the fates their lives had been sealed well before the end of the Bloody week.
		To say the least, the problem with the trials was that the Communards were not tried but rather put on public display for the bourgeoisie, who had to endure the suffering of being away from their homes, to spit, yell, and witness ‘justice'.
		Lissargary's opinion on the consequences endured by the Communards is clear: the empowered went too far with their punishment.
	www.skidmore.edu /~jdym/ParisCommune/After.htm (1064 words)

	REVIEW: Cesium: 137 - "Regrets" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Combining a host of new and legacy technology and every trick and turn in the book from Skinny Puppy and the Communards, to Nine Inch Nails, to the best of today's dance/new wave/dark wave Cesium: 137 has created a successful crossover of old and new.
		Taking the theme away from a standard 2 and 4 dance rhythm, it uses and stomp-esque fat-bass shuffle and lets the major themes speak for themselves.
		Not weighted down by the inessentials or a cumbersome wall of sound, it has stripped the theme down to its bare essentials.
	www.legendsmagazine.net /129/cesium.htm (490 words)

	And We Danced - November 1986 Chart
		Hi-NRG, characterized by instantly catchy melody coupled with a quick, pounding beat, became one of the dominant genres of Dance music in the late 1980's.
		Both the Communards and Dead Or Alive expertly represented the genre.
		The Communards featured ex-Bronski Beat vocalist Jimmy Somerville's soaring falsetto in a glorious remake of Thelma Houston's Don't Leave Me This Way.
	www.andwedanced.com /charts/nov1986.htm (227 words)

	Chantrey's France - Paris Photos
		Quickly the Père-Lachaise became the ultimate symbol for the rich and successful and the number of permanent residents of the cemetery increased from a few dozen to more than 33,000.
		In the eastern corner of the cemetery is the Mur des Fédérés (Communards' Wall) against which 147 Communards were shot at dawn on 28 May 1871, after their final resistance among the graves the night before.
		They were buried against the wall where they fell.
	citysnapper.org /chantrey/france/paris04.htm (307 words)

	Foogle Business - Jimmy Somerville Information - Communards - Bronski Beat - Paris Commune, 1871 - Listen to Dont Leave ...
		The Commune was assaulted from April 2 by the government forces of the Versailles Army, and the city was constantly bombarded.
		All captured Communards were shot, against what is now known as the Communards' Wall in the Père Lachaise cemetery.
		The city wall was reached and breached in the west by May 21.
	www.thesahara.net /communards.htm (1302 words)

	The Paris Commune and Those Ivolved
		The Mur des Fédérés, Père-Lachaise Cemetary where the last communards were shot on 28 May 1871.
		Your ankles are still imprisoned in cuffs attached to an iron bar; the walls of a cell, in the antipodes, separate you from the world of the living; you are at the mercy of your brutal gaolers; and yet you rejoice!
		But the ghastliest sight in Père-Lachaise was in the south-eastern corner, where, close to the boundary wall, there had been a natural hollow.
	www.corvalliscommunitypages.com /Europe/france/communeparis.htm (1618 words)

	The Paris Commune of 1871
		The Communard insurrection entailed a second siege of Paris (April - May), more disastrous than the first, followed by a fierce and sanguinary week of street-fighting.
		Archibald Forbes, an English journalist, recorded the aftermath at the Mur des Fédérés (Wall of the Federalists) in the south eastern corner of the cemetary.
		Just yonder was where they were posted up against that section of pock-pitted wall - there was no difficulty in ready the open book - and were shot to death as they stood or crouched.
	www.paris.org /Kiosque/may01/commune.html (2111 words)

	Frontline
		Some prisoners were shot out of hand against the “Communards Wall” in Pere Lachaise Cemetery whilst thousands of others were tried and executed by illegal court martials.
		But thousands of Communards, including most of the leaders, escaped and lived in exile in Belgium, Britain, Italy, Spain and the United States.
		Paris remained under martial law for 5 years and in 1872 strict laws were introduced which effectively banned organizing on the left.
	www.redflag.org.uk /frontline/vol22/02song.html (1499 words)

	EvilSponge: EP: Birth EP by The Funeral
		The tune is called Piss, and it features some really angry vocals screaming over a wall of grooved post-punk.
		It has an unstoppable energy, and i bet is very awesome in a live setting.
		The voice here (clearly different than on the other songs) reminds me of some 80s band with Big Hair (Europe, perhaps) on the verses, then on the chorus the vocalist goes into a falsetto that really reminds me of Jimmy Sommerville (of The Communards).
	www.evilsponge.org /ALBUMS/Funeral__Birth.htm (807 words)

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