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	Communism - MSN Encarta
		As a political movement, communism sought to overthrow capitalism through a workers’ revolution and establish a system in which property is owned by the community as a whole rather than by individuals.
		Similarly idealistic communities were initiated by Fourier or his followers (at several locations in France and the United States), by French socialist Étienne Cabet (at Nauvoo, Illinois), and by adherents of Saint-Simon (at the Ménilmontant estate near Paris).
		Communism as a concrete social and political system made its first appearance in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the state erected by the victors of the October Revolution in Russia in 1917 (see Russian Revolutions of 1917).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572241/Communism.html (2716 words)

	The Principles of Communism
		Communism is the doctrine of the conditions of the liberation of the proletariat.
		Community of women is a condition which belongs entirely to bourgeois society and which today finds its complete expression in prostitution.
		Still considering Principles of Communism as a preliminary draft, Engels expressed the view, in a letter to Marx dated November 23-24 1847, that it would be best to drop the old catechistic form and draw up a programme in the form of a manifesto.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1847/11/prin-com.htm (6744 words)

	communism - Encyclopedia.com
		Thus, the ejido system of the indigenous people of Mexico and the property-and-work system of the Inca were both communist, although the former was a matter of more or less independent communities cultivating their own lands in common and the latter a type of community organization within a highly organized empire.
		Communism, in this sense, is to be distinguished from socialism, which (as the term is commonly understood) seeks similar ends but by evolution rather than revolution.
		Communism as a theory of government and social reform may be said, in a limited sense, to have begun with the ancient Greek idea of the Golden Age, a concept of a world of communal bliss and harmony without the institution of private property.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-communism.html (2772 words)

	Communism - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The Essenes and the Therapeutae, however, in Palestine, had a stricter form of communism, and the former required the surrender of individual property; and in the middle ages various religious sects, followed by the monastic orders, were based on the communistic principle.
		Plato, notwithstanding all the extraordinary originality with which he advocated the emancipation of women, was not able to free himself from the theory and practice of regarding the wife as part and parcel of the property of her husband.
		Emigrants from Wurttemberg also founded the community of Zoar in Ohio in 1817, being incorporated in 1832 as the Society of Separatists of Zoar; it was dissolved in 1898.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Communism (2724 words)

	Communism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a future classless, stateless social organization, based upon common ownership of the means of production and the absence of private property.
		Karl Marx held that society could not be transformed from capitalism to communism all at once, and required a state transitional period which he described as a dictatorship of the proletariat.
		According to the Marxist argument for communism, the main characteristic of human life in class society is alienation; and communism is desirable because it entails the full realization of human freedom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communism (3983 words)

	communism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Thus, the ejido system of the indigenous people of Mexico and the property-and-work system of the Inca were both communist, although the former was a matter of more or less independent communities cultivating their own lands in common and the latter a type of community organization within a highly organized empire.
		Communism, in this sense, is to be distinguished from socialism, which (as the term is commonly understood) seeks similar ends but by evolution rather than revolution.
		Communism as a theory of government and social reform may be said, in a limited sense, to have begun with the ancient Greek idea of the Golden Age, a concept of a world of communal bliss and harmony without the institution of private property.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/communism.html (2411 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Communism
		Communism in the strict sense demands that both production-goods, such as land, railways, and factories, and consumption-goods, such as dwellings, furniture, food, and clothing, should be the property of the whole community.
		Communism in the strict sense is also distinguished from socialism by the fact that it usually connotes a greater degree of common life.
		Their communism differs, however, from that of the economic communists in that its primary object is not and never has been social reform or a more just distribution of goods.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04179a.htm (4350 words)

	communism
		commun common.] A scheme of equalizing the social conditions of life; specifically, a scheme which contemplates the abolition of inequalities in the possession of property, as by distributing all wealth equally to all, or by holding all wealth in common for the equal use and advantage of all.
		Communism is a form of government in which the material produced and the income taken in is for the good of the community instead of the individual.
		Although communism was once the most feared form of government in the world, today it is on a steep decline with only a few third world countries and China still practicing it.
	www.nku.edu /~eng/ism/communism.html (562 words)

	DIVINI REDEMPTORIS
		The doctrine of modern Communism, which is often concealed under the most seductive trappings, is in substance based on the principles of dialectical and historical materialism previously advocated by Marx, of which the theoricians of bolshevism claim to possess the only genuine interpretation.
		Communism, moreover, strips man of his liberty, robs human personality of all its dignity, and removes all the moral restraints that check the eruptions of blind impulse.
		Communism is particularly characterized by the rejection of any link that binds woman to the family and the home, and her emancipation is proclaimed as a basic principle.
	www.papalencyclicals.net /Pius11/P11DIVIN.HTM (9315 words)

	What is communism? Communism requires communal appropriation and distribution.
		Communism, as an economic process, is a society or social formation in which the communist class process prevails.
		This economic notion of communism is to be contrasted to the more recent political use of the term (in the so-called West) to refer to a political structure within which a communist party holds a monopoly over state powers.
		Communism is often confused with Stalinism: the social system (which included state capitalism) that developed under the dictatorship of Joseph Stalin and which was grounded in certain social processes developed during the period of war communism in the Soviet Union during the Civil War against Western supported White Russian forces.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/sgabriel/communism_defined.htm (274 words)

	Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation: Honor the Victims of Communism and Those Who Love Liberty
		Dedicating the Victims of Communism Memorial on June 12, President George W. Bush said while we will never know the names of all who perished, "at this sacred place, Communism's unknown victims will be consecrated to history and remembered forever." Rep.
		Following the dedication, there was a reception with remarks by visiting foreign dignitaries and ethnic leaders and then an afternoon Roundtable Discussion of the victims and crimes of communism, featuring presentations by former political prisoners in China, Vietnam, and Cuba as well as noted historians such as Richard Pipes, Paul Hollander, and Alan Kors.
		June 12 was an historic day -- a day of remembrance of the more than 100 million victims who died under communism's cruel yoke, and a day of resolution that never again will peoples and nations allow so evil a tyranny to terrorize the world.
	www.victimsofcommunism.org (493 words)

	Definition of communism
		Communism is the abolition of power of people over people.
		Communism is based on mutual cooperation, peace and justice instead of oppression.
		Communists believe that as in certain tribal societies in the past and living still today, it is possible for humyns to organize themselves without war, crime, starvation and homelessness.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/wim/whocomm.html (747 words)

	Communism
		By 1840 communism was being denounced in a German newspaper as a criminal conspiracy.
		The 'Manifesto' stated that the basis of Communism was historical materialism: the belief that the course of history is determined primarily by the operation of economic forces.
		Communism was an extreme form of the very exploitation of labor that Karl Marx denounced in capitalism.
	library.thinkquest.org /13831/communis.html (1707 words)

	What is communism? - International The left - Anarkismo
		Communism then begins as the other new class, the proletariat or working class, seeks to find its voice and finding itself in contest with the emerging capitalist class is forced to take on confront and subvert the voice of their opponent.
		In this sense communism is always libertarian or anarchist as the abolition of the wage brings about the abolition of the relation of command which structures the organs of state power such as the police, army and bureaucracy.
		Communication is a necessary part of any social production process and as long as face-to-face communication was unrivalled, in terms of cost and effectiveness, the workplace had the irreplaceable role of the physical assembly point for that communication.
	www.anarkismo.net /newswire.php?story_id=1555 (8285 words)

	Communism and Marxism
		Communism, on the other hand, is basically a political movement, a form of government, a condition of society.
		The difference between working towards communism and "communism" itself is like the difference between building a house and living in a house.
		The "state of communism" is described by Marx and Engels as the condition in which "the State" no longer exists and people live and work together in harmony in a society based on equality where the fruits of labor are shared with all members of society and no one is exploited.
	www.rationalrevolution.net /war/communism_and_marxism.htm (4082 words)

	Definition of communism
		Communism is a political system existing in the Soviet Union in 1917 – 1991 and in the eastern Europe since the end of the 2
		Scientific communism was proving, that communism is final stadium of society’s development.
		At the same time communism rejects conception of freedom, law and democracy, existing in countries having democracy as a political system, proving their class origins.
	library.thinkquest.org /C004169/def_koma.html (420 words)

	The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression [Book Review] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		For anyone who doubts that communism produced anything but scores of millions murdered in the service of a higher ideal, the evidence is presented here in all its ghastly detail.
		Moreover, there are no museums testifying to the evils of communism, no memorials to communism’s victims, and no Gulag camps maintained as re minders to new generations of the crimes committed by Communist regimes.
		Communism was a warped religion, one with its own saints, its own founding fathers, and its own group of heretics and renegades.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft0002/reviews/radosh.html (1366 words)

	Communism - Wikiquote
		"Communism deprives no man of the ability to appropriate the fruits of his labour.
		"Communism and fascism or nazism, although poles apart in their intellectual content, are similar in this, that both have emotional appeal to the type of personality that takes pleasure in being submerged in a mass movement and submitting to superior authority."
		Of the Communist Party: "Its relationship to democratic institutions is that of the death watch beetle - it is not a party, it is a conspiracy." ~ Aneurin Bevan, attributed
	en.wikiquote.org /wiki/Communism (1729 words)

	Communism
		Communism, which is also described as "Revolutionary Proletarian Socialism" or "Marxism," is both a political and economic philosophy.
		Furthermore, after Communism is instituted by the people, the system becomes Totalitarian, resulting in greater oppression of the people it was designed to "serve." This fact is well documented throughout the history of Communist nations.
		Communism, though distinctive, is thought by some to have been heavily influenced by Czarism, a Totalitarian regime replaced by Communism after Russia's 1917 Revolution.
	www.allaboutphilosophy.org /communism.htm (609 words)

	Communism
		The evil philosophies of fascism and communism were the two great 20th century mass killers.
		Like the Cambodian butchers, Hoxha was introduced to the vile philosophy of communism when he was a young bourgeois student in France.
		Hoxha died in 1985 and was buried in a spectacular tomb.
	markhumphrys.com /communism.html (1348 words)

	Presentation 5
		Marxism was defined by the same source as the political, economic and social principles and policies advocated by Marx, especially a theory and practice of socialism including the labor theory of value, dialectical materialism, the class struggle and dictatorship of the proletariat until the establishment of a classless society.
		Communism acquired a new meaning with the publication of The Communist Manifesto, a document written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848 for the Communist League.
		Communism, therefore, was the classless, stateless society in which people “would voluntarily work for the common good to the extent they were able under the understanding that they could receive whatever they needed for free (‘from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs’)” (Brians, p.
	grove.ufl.edu /~mleslie/pres8.html (2934 words)

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