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	Communication Moon Relay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prior to the Moon Relay project, wireless transmission was limited by the distance that radio waves would promulgate when reflected off the Earth's ionosphere.
		The Moon Relay project was soon transferred to the Communications Section of the Radar Division of the Naval Research Laboratory.
		Additionally, the equipment used in the Communications Moon Relay project was of much use to U.S. Navy astronomers, as they used it to examine the Moon when the Moon was not in a position conducive to radio transmission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communication_Moon_Relay (804 words)

	Scattering Properties of the Lunar Surface
		Assuming the moon would represent a perfect sphere mirroring the sunlight in accordance to the laws of optical reflection, the lunar limb would reflect no sunlight towards the Earth at all.
		Moon echoes in Earth-Moon-Earth radio communication cannot provide direct information about the size and the position of the scattering area on the lunar surface.
		Because of the curvature of the moon, radiowaves scattered at a position close to the lunar limb travel a longer distance (i.e.
	www.df5ai.net /ArticlesDL/EMEPhysics2/EMEscatter.html (2270 words)

	Shooting for the moon \| thebulletin.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As strange as the idea of blasting the moon was, however, it was only one of several proposals for the military exploitation of the moon in the late 1950s.
		Although a 1958 National Security Council policy document noted the possible use of the moon for a manned military base, neither the army or the air force appears to have been given any indication from higher authorities that their ideas for a militarized moon were likely to be accepted.
		Landing on the moon and launching a return flight were characterized as "difficult development[s]." Much greater knowledge of lunar topography and composition was also needed--areas which, the plan reported, were the subject of ongoing air force projects.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=so00richelson (3291 words)

	NASA Experimental Communications Satellites 1958-1995 - Contents
		Radio communication is the transmission of a signal placed on a radio wave from a transmitter to a receiver.
		The application to communications of a spacecraft that remains stationary with respect to the surface of the Earth was invented by Arthur C. Clarke and presented in an article in Wireless World in 1945.
		Relay I recorded 401 anomalies during its first year (anomalies were observed when the satellite was in view of the ground stations, which was only 15% of its orbit).
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/sat/alltext.html (4637 words)

	Current Month's Astrology Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Moon is 'void of course' once again throughout the day and the general course of the day is set back by the common occurrence of contingencies, misunderstandings, lateness, and delays.
		Moon 'void' in Cancer brings the filling and spilling of cups, there is no manner of reason when emotional expressions are in full swing.
		The sun and moon are both in fire signs and archetypes abound with tales of the self, bursting with character and ego.
	www.metaphysical.bc.ca /astr0399.htm (8750 words)

	chapter 2
		An indication of the popularity of the Communication Moon Relay system may be found in the National Academy of Science's Advisory Committee on Undersea Warfare, which recommended in December 1956 that future American submarines use Moon-reflection path signaling for ship-to-shore communications.
		The Communication Moon Relay system was the unexpected outgrowth of research and development in electronics intelligence--an allied but distinct field.
		Indeed, it was not only the Communication Moon Relay project that benefited, but also Navy radio astronomers who had access to the facilities during those substantial time periods when the Moon's position did not permit the use of the facilities for intelligence gathering.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4217/ch2.htm (3808 words)

	Moonport, Ch23-3
		There were several operations: removing the rover's communication, television, photographic, and data-gathering equipment from the pallets in the spacecraft, placing the equipment in its proper place aboard the rover, and selecting items from the rover for further operations.
		Since the test employed the communications equipment within the portable life support system, the 38-kilogram unit was strapped to each astronaut's back.
		A reasonable load on the moon, it was too heavy to carry on earth, so a dolly with an overhead cantilevered arm supported the equipment.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4204/ch23-3.html (2003 words)

	From the Sea to the Stars: Chapter 1
		Transcontinental communications were demonstrated in November 1955 when teletype messages were transmitted from Washington DC to San Diego, and two months later NRL conducted transoceanic communications via moon-satellite between Washington DC and Hawaii [2].
		CMR was the only operational satellite communications relay system in the world until the Defense Satellite Communications System came on line 16 June 1966.
		The principal limitation of the CMR was simply the availability of the moon, which had to be within sight of both of the link terminals.
	www.history.navy.mil /books/space/Chapter1.htm (8716 words)

	SPACE.com -- Lunar South Pole Landing Sites Studied
		Much of the area around the Moon's south pole is within the South Pole-Aitken Basin (shown at left in blue on a lunar topography image), a giant impact crater 1,550 miles (2,500 kilometers) in diameter and 7.5 miles (12 kilometers) deep at its lowest point.
		Moon's south pole region is overseen by Malapert Mountain, now viewed as ideal spot to kickstart lunar utilization efforts.
		The Moon's South Pole is thought by many scientists to be loaded with tons of water ice.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/moon_southpole_030604.html (1391 words)

	appendix B
		A synchronous communications satellite project is proposed for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).
		Relay 1 is launched, the first communications satellite to transmit television worldwide.
		The landing of U.S. astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin on the Moon is relayed to Earth via Intelsat III satellites.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4217/app-b.htm (1016 words)

	HAUNTED HOLLYWOOD 6!
		He felt that he had to communicate with her and that was when he turned to Spiritualism.
		Bee Houdini continued to hold seances in hopes of communicating with her late husband, although the last “official” Houdini seance was held on Halloween night of 1936.
		People often referred to this mysterious author as the “Green Madonna” because whenever the moon was full, she would stand on one of the mansion’s balconies in a green negligee, a long green scarf and nothing else, and let the wind blow through her hair and clothing.
	www.prairieghosts.com /hollywood6.html (4271 words)

	UFO Tools
		Rather, it is intended to convey a general concept to a non-technical community of readers in the field of UFO research.
		Its principal purpose is to alert the UFO community to the fact that new developments in passive, multi-static radar, and in related technologies, will permit, for the first time in the history of ufology, remote, real-time detection of UFO's in the near-Earth environment.
		Meteor-Scatter Communications Technology--Ham radio operators have known for years that the ionized trails of hot gas, generated by meteors entering the Earth's atmosphere, could be used for as short-lived, e.g.
	ufotools.blogspot.com (6675 words)

	Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Communications: The PSA functions as a remote, mobile data display terminal for system and experimental data.
		The PSA has both communication input and output capabilities, including a microphone, speakers, camera, and flat display panel.
		Remote Operations Support: Ground Controllers are able to communicate with the PSA and maneuver the device into the desired location.
	ic.arc.nasa.gov /projects/psa/overview.html (240 words)

	Chronology of Space Exploration
		Orbited the moon at a polar inclination and impacted on command.
		It is designed for a low polar orbit investigation of the Moon, including the mapping of surface composition and possible ice deposits, the measuring of magnetic and gravity fields, and the study of lunar outgassing events.
		Viking 2 lander used Viking 1 orbiter as a communications relay, and had to be shut down at the same time as the orbiter on August 7, 1980.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/craft2.htm (8246 words)

	NRL - Communication Moon Relay
		In 1951, NRL was the first to demonstrate that radio energy reflected from the Moon was much more coherent than predicted.
		As a consequence, a Moon circuit could be used to transmit data at a rate and fidelity adequate for radio communication.
		In 1959, the world's first operational satellite communication system, allowing communications from Washington, DC, to Oahu, Hawaii, was placed in operation.
	www.nrl.navy.mil /content.php?P=MOONRELAY (149 words)

	Russell and Company - Speaking of Video - Shooting the Apollo Moonwalks
		Apollo 11's first step onto the moon, however historic, was seen by the world as if through a ghostly fl and white veil.
		In effect, the Rover became a complete TV mobile unit that would communicate with and transmit video directly to Earth stations from wherever the Rover was parked.
		TV and all communications are totally independent of the lander for the first time.
	www.russelland.com /speaking_of_video/moonwalk.html (2144 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		You have to be either directly between the earth and moon (the L1 point, I think) or on the other side (the L2 point), if you want a synchronous orbit.
		Tall towers are easier to build on the Moon, but on the other hand the towers also need to be taller, since the surface curvature is greater.
		The Moon's gravitational field is very lumpy, and things left in orbit generally end up crashing on the surface eventually.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs/usr/mnr/st/std052 (2781 words)

	Ranger 3-4-5
		Attempts to relay television pictures of the moon and to bounce radar signals off the moon at close range were unsuccessful.
		Ranger IV was launched by an Atlas-Agena B booster from the Atlantic Missile Range, attained a parking orbit, and was fired into the proper lunar trajectory by the restart of the Agena B engine.
		was to have relayed television pictures of the lunar surface and rough-landed an instrumented capsule containing a seismometer.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/raner345.htm (888 words)

	ARRLWeb: Space&Beyond: Moonbounce Advances the State of the Radio Art
		Earth's natural satellite, the moon, has been used for communications as a passive radio signal reflector many times in recent decades.
		The moon acts like a giant radio mirror in the sky, bouncing the radio waves back to Earth to be received by listeners.
		The first Amateur Radio signals to echo from the moon were transmitted in 1953.
	www2.arrl.org /news/features/2002/01/21/1 (1420 words)

	Radar Echoes From the Moon
		moon as a target to measure field strength patterns.
		The beam width of the array is approximately 15 deg at the half-power
		relative velocity of target and antenna due to both the rotational velocity of the earth and the orbital velocity of the moon.
	www.eagle.ca /~harry/ba/eme (1372 words)

	July 24 - Today In Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1969, the Apollo XI astronauts, two of whom had been the first men to set foot on the moon, splashed down safely in the Pacific Ocean at 12:50 p.m.
		In 1954, the sound of a human voice was, for the first time ever, transmitted beyond the ionosphere and returned to Earth after reflecting off the moon.
		The objective of the Communication Moon Relay project was to add another option for the Navy's secure global communications technologies that could reduce the vulnerability of ionospheric storms cutting off radio transmissions to the U.S. fleet.
	www.todayinsci.com /7/7_24.htm (1726 words)

	ScienceDaily: UK Scientists Get A "Whiff" Of Titan's Surface
		First Close Encounter Of Saturn's Hazy Moon Titan (October 26, 2004) -- Long hidden behind a thick veil of haze, Titan, the only known moon with an atmosphere, is ready for its close-up on Oct. 26, 2004.
		Titan (moon) -- Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the solar...
		Saturn is currently known to have 47 moons, many of which were discovered very recently, and 3 suspected...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/01/050123204952.htm (1779 words)

	Artemis Project: Communicate with the Artemis Project
		Artemis Society International's newsletter, Pleiades, is published as part of the Moon Miners' Manifesto by the Lunar Reclamation Society.
		Contact information is in About the Moon Miners' Manifesto.
		This is also the place to go for regularly scheduled meetings, and a fascinating place to explore our developing vision of Luna City as it will be at the beginning of the next century.
	www.asi.org /adb/01/communicate.html (246 words)

	Simaudio Company Background - History and Philosophies
		Utilizing many new in-house developed technologies and building on the immensely successful Celeste products, the MOON series considered by many to be the pinnacle of what is achievable when innovation meets technological creativity.
		MOON products are designed for a lifetime of enjoyment.
		At this point it should be quite obvious that MOON components offer numerous unique technologies and exceptionally high build quality; the end result being audio and video components that invariably surpass the competition, especially when the "bang for the buck" equation is factored in.
	www.simaudio.com /background.htm (2616 words)

	Cheltenham
		The Naval Communications Detachment Cheltenham was disestablished 30 December 1998.
		In August 1940, the Navy had five communications intelligence intercept sites with diplomatic targets which were all linked directly (or indirectly through Army circuits) to Washington via radio and landline communications.
		In addition to its communications functions, Naval Communications Station, Washington, DC, provided base and housing security (the majority of the housing on the installation was built in 1941), limited on site medical and dental care, MWR facilities, postal service, and administrative and public works support to tenant commands.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/facility/cheltenham.htm (529 words)

	MGS Relay Flight Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		To provide data communication capabilities between several of the landed systems to be placed on the surface of Mars and the spacecraft in orbit, many of the orbiters will carry UHF radio relays.
		The Mars Relay will provide communication support, at first, between several Russian small lander stations on the surface of Mars and the orbiting Mars Global Surveyor.
		Because the Relay operates at frequencies in the 70 cm band, an opportunity exists for student and amateur participation in the near-Earth test of the Mars Relay.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /mgs/sci/so/relayflttst/relaytest.html (316 words)

	KR4AD - Amateur Radio Functions, Services, Information Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		is one of hundreds of amateur radio organizations working together to provide communications for the well-being of communities throughout the nation.
		Today, hams relay signals through their own satellites in the OSCAR (Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio) series, bounce signals off the moon, relay messages automatically through computerized radio networks and send pictures by television.
		When emergencies arise, radio amateurs are on the spot to relay information to and from disaster stricken areas that have lost normal lines of communication.
	chesterfield.k12.va.us /~wcevans/whyamateur.htm (386 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Data relay glitch threatens mission to Saturn moon
		Mission engineers at NASA are working with their counterparts at the European Space Agency (ESA) on a concern with the communication system on ESA's Huygens probe, which is attached to the Cassini spacecraft.
		Huygens is to drop from the Cassini spacecraft in late 2004 onto the large moon of Saturn called Titan as the Cassini orbiter begins its own exploration of the ringed planet and its system of moons.
		The concern, which was identified in early September with tests at ESA's Operations Center at Darmstadt, Germany, involves the radio receiver supplied by ESA to receive signals from the Huygens probe as it descends through Titan's atmosphere.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0010/06huygens (628 words)

	Volume 3: Information in Warfare; Appendix B
		Of the three satellite communications services-fixed, mobile, and broadcast-only the first may be considered really mature, growing at rates of 5 to 10 percent per year.
		Once the computing and communications capabilities have been combined and the networking technologies developed to serve science and engineering applications, their use in industrial and commercial applications will surely follow-and on a worldwide basis.
		Satellite communications is a dynamic, high-technology, international, commercially successful enterprise, capable of providing a wide variety of services, in a reliable, cost-effective manner, to users of many types.
	newton.nap.edu /html/tech_21st/iwb.htm (4347 words)

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