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Topic: Communications Act of 1934

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	U.S. Policy: Communications Act of 1934
		Congress first specifically regulated broadcasting with its 1927 Radio Act which created a Federal Radio Commission designed to regulate in "the public interest, convenience, or necessity." But federal regulation of communications was shared by the Department of Commerce and the Interstate Commerce Commission.
		President Franklin Roosevelt's message requesting new legislation was published in January 1934, the Senate held hearings on several days in March while the House held a single day of hearings in April, a conference report melding the two differing bills together appeared in early June, and the act was passed on 19 June.
		The 1934 act, despite its many amendments, is increasingly seen as an anachronism needing replacement to match today's needs.
	www.museum.tv /archives/etv/U/htmlU/uspolicyc/uspolicyc.htm (571 words)

	Communications Act of 1934 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Before the Communications Act of 1934 was enacted as law by the U.S. Congress, there was an interesting debate concerning commercial versus non-commercial broadcasting: Senators Robert Wagner of New York and Henry Hatfield of West Virginia offered an amendment to the then proposed Communications Act.
		Brinkley Act - Section 325(b) of the Communications Act of 1934 that was written into law in an attempt to halt live broadcasting from radio studios in the United States linked via telephone land lines to superpower border-blaster transmitters located along the Mexican side of the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo), international boder.
		This provision was carried through into the Telecommunications Act of 1996 by incorporation of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended to Section 325(c).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communications_Act_of_1934 (827 words)

	Telecommunications Act of 1996 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was the first major overhaul of United States telecommunications policy in nearly 62 years, modifying earlier legislation, primarily the Communications Act of 1934.
		Title V was the Communications Decency Act, aimed at regulating online pornography but was later defeated in the courts on constitutional grounds by advocates of free speech.
		Brinkley Act - Section 325(b) of the Communications Act of 1934 that was written into law in an attempt to halt live broadcasting from radio studios in the United States linked via telephone land lines to superpower border-blaster transmitters located along the Mexican side of the Rio Grande (Rio Bravo), international border.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Telecommunications_Act_of_1996 (502 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Federal Communications Commission
		In 1940 the Federal Communications Commission issued the "Report on Chain Broadcasting." The major point in the report was the breakup of NBC (See American Broadcasting Company), but there were two other important points.
		The allocation between VHF and UHF in the 1950s, and the lack of UHF tuners is entirely analogous to the dilemma facing digital television fifty years later in the 2000s.
		The All Channels Act is again being used to force this transition, however at significantly greater cost to the consumer this time around.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission (2350 words)

	The Communications Act of 1934
		When sending radio communications or signals of distress and radio communications relating thereto the transmitting set may be adjusted in such a manner as to produce a maximum of radiation irrespective of the amount of interference which may thus be caused.
		Nothing in this Act shall be understood or construed to give the Commission the power of censorship over the radio communications or signals transmitted by any radio station, and no regulation or condition shall be promulgated or fixed by the Commission which shall interfere with the right of free speech by means of radio communication.
		If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
	www.geocities.com /tomcat4680/TCA1934.html (5268 words)

	Radio&TV
		In 1934 the functions of the FRC were merged with the telephone and telegraph regulatory activities of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and the Postmaster General.
		The Communications Act charged the Commission with a number of functions with regard to broadcast stations, several of which tended to be in conflict with each other.
		As communications technologies advanced during the century, the regulatory scope of the FCC continued to grow, from radio to TV, to certain aspects of cable television, as well as to satellite communications.
	www.ims.ccsu.edu /Radio.htm (1421 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		H. To amend the Communications Act of 1934 with respect to retransmission consent and must-carry for cable operators and satellite carriers.
		To amend the Communications Act of 1934 with respect to retransmission consent and must-carry for cable operators and satellite carriers.
		(1) Section 623(b)(7)(A) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 543(b)(7)(A)) is amended by striking clause (i) and redesignating clauses (ii) and (iii) as clauses (i) and (ii).
	www.house.gov /paul/legis/106/hr1078.htm (429 words)

	The United States Telecommunications Act of 1996
		In general terms, the Act mandates that communications be made available to all people of the United States without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex.
		In addition, the Act requires the FCC to conduct a rulemaking to determine whether local television ownership limitations should be modified or eliminated.
		Nevertheless, provisions of the Communications Decency Act were successfully challenged in the courts as a violation of the right to freedom of speech under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
	www.ntia.doc.gov /opadhome/overview.htm (3440 words)

	Communications Decency Act of 1996
		Communications Decency Act Enacted by the U.S. Congress on February 1, 1996 SECTION 1.
		(b) References.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.).
		Title II of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: ``SEC.
	www.epic.org /free_speech/CDA/cda.html (1890 words)

	Communications Act of 1934
		When sending radio communications or signals of distress and radio communications relating thereto the transmitting set may be adjusted in such a manner as to produce a maximum of radiation irrespective of the amount of interference which may thus be caused.
		Nothing in this Act shall be understood or construed to give the Commission the power of censorship over the radio communications or signals transmitted by any radio station, and no regulation or condition shall be promulgated or fixed by the Commission which shall interfere with the right of free speech by means of radio communication.
		If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
	www.usc.edu /~douglast/202/lecture20/1934act.html (5210 words)

	ConsumerPrivacyGuide.org \| Protection Under Law \| Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
		The Cable Communications Act establishes a comprehensive framework for cable regulation and sets forth strong protections for subscriber privacy by restricting the collection, maintenance and dissemination of subscriber data.
		The Act prohibits cable operators from using the cable system to collect "personally identifiable information" concerning any subscriber without prior consent, unless the information is necessary to render service or detect unauthorized reception.
		The Act also prohibits operators from disclosing personally identifiable data to third parties without consent, unless the disclosure is either necessary to render a service provided by the cable operator to the subscriber or if it is made to a government entity pursuant to a court order.
	www.consumerprivacyguide.org /law/ccpa.shtml (129 words)

	Statutes and Rules on Candidate Appearances & Advertising
		(g) The announcement otherwise required by section 317 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, is waived with respect to the broadcast of "want ad" or classified advertisements sponsored by an individual.
		(h) Any announcement required by section 317(b) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, is waived with respect to feature motion picture film produced initially and primarily for theatre exhibition.
		(i) DBS providers must comply with Section 312(a)(7) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, by allowing reasonable access to, or permitting purchase of reasonable amounts of time for, the use of their facilities by a legally qualified candidate for federal elective office on behalf of his or her candidacy.
	www.fcc.gov /mb/policy/political/candrule.htm (6275 words)

	Law-Lib: RE: Communications Act of 1934
		The 1934 as amended by 1996 is available on the FCC website and I am going to download and run off some copies.
		The GPO printed a pamphlet of the Communications Act of 1934 as amended by the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (at head of title Committee Print 104-L) Y 4.C 73/8:104-L. GPO stock no.: 052-070-07059-5.
		I need the version with just the 1934 act as amended by the 1996 act (there is a copy of the 1996 Act and a compilation of the selected communications acts both of which I already have).
	lawlibrary.ucdavis.edu /lawlib/oct03/0223.html (495 words)

	[No title]
		Subject: Telecommunications Act (HR 3515) H.R. 3515 -- Transcribed by James D. Bryant II on Nov. 24, 1991 I have proofed this twice, it should not contain any errors or omissions, I can't access my spell checker right now, there may be a typo or two somewhere..
		SHORT TITLE 4 This Act may be cited as the "Telecommunications 5 Act of 1991".
		The provision of any service author- 6 ized pursuant to this subsection shall be subject to all of 7 the other provisions of this Act, including title IV and the 8 requirements of this subsection.
	www.etext.org /CuD/Law/hr3515 (2033 words)

	The Constitutionally Limited Jurisdiction Of The Federal Communications Commission
		With passage of the Communications Act of 1982, the 1934 Act was amended such that the territory now claimed may no longer be constitutional.
		The identical wording is used for the definition of "state" in the Communications Act of 1934.
		In both the original communications act and the codified version of the law, the 50 Union states are not included in the definition of "state," which is constitutionally correct.
	www.criminalgovernment.com /docs/const_juris.html (1307 words)

	Communications Act of 1934
		(b) "Radio communication" or "communication by radio" means the transmission by radio of writing, signs, signals, pictures, and sounds of all kinds, including all instrumentalities, facilities, apparatus, and services (among other things, the receipt, forwarding, and delivery of communications) incidental to such transmission.
		(f) "Foreign communication" or "foreign transmission" means communication or transmission from or to any place in the United States to or from a foreign country, or between a station in the United States and a mobile station located outside the United States.
		This Act may be cited as the "Communications Act of 1934".
	www.criminalgovernment.com /docs/61StatL101/ComAct34.html (5149 words)

	Analysis of the Federal Communications Commission - Overview by Fritz Messere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The 1934 Act called for a commission consisting of seven members, reduced to five in 1983, appointed by the president and approved by Senate.
		Many determinations regarding broadcasting regulations were made prior to 1934 by the Federal Radio Commission, and most provisions of the Radio Act of 1927 were subsumed into Title III of the 1934 Communications Act.
		The language of the act is general enough to serve as a framework for the commission to promulgate new rules and regulations related to a wide variety of technologies and services.
	www.oswego.edu /~messere/FCC1.html (1089 words)

	AskCALEA - CALEA The Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		(B) notice of the maximum capacity required to accommodate all of the communication interceptions, pen registers, and trap and trace devices that the Attorney General estimates that government agencies authorized to conduct electronic surveillance may conduct and use simultaneously after the date that is 4 years after the date of enactment of this title.
		(2) in subsection (4)(b)(ii) by inserting `a cordless telephone communication that is transmitted between the cordless telephone handset and the base unit,' after `cellular telephone communication,'.
		(f) STYLISTIC CONSISTENCY- The Communications Act of 1934 and the Communications Satellite Act of 1962 are amended so that the section designation and section heading of each section of such Acts shall be in the form and typeface of the section designation and heading of this section.
	www.askcalea.net /calea.html (5461 words)

	Through the Wires: Telecommunications Act of '96
		The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is an amendment to the Communications act of 1934.
		The FCC (Federal Communications Commission) has been instructed by the Congress of the United States to regulate and see to the implementation of the Act.
		The Act ensures that schools, libraries, hospitals, and clinics have access to advanced telecommunications services, and calls for them to be connected to the Internet by the year 2000.
	library.advanced.org /27887/gather/history/96_act.shtml (834 words)

	US Attorneys' Bulletin: Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
		Section 605 of the Communications Act of 1934 was amended to provide that "no person not being authorized by the sender shall intercept any communication and divulge or publish [its] existence, contents.
		Among the ECPA amendments to Title III were requirements that: (1) interceptions be conducted unobtrusively and with a minimum of interference with the services of the person whose communications are being intercepted; and (2) the interception be conducted in such a way as to minimize access to communications not otherwise authorized to be intercepted.
		Carriers must also protect the privacy and security of communications and call-identifying information not authorized to be intercepted, as well as information about the government's interception of call content and access to call-identifying information.
	www.usdoj.gov /criminal/cybercrime/usamay2001_4.htm (5021 words)

	The Central Contention of Politics Should be the Distribution of Power, Ralph Nader, Campaign 2000, 3/1/00
		The Fairness Doctrine was rooted in the 1934 Communications Act which said that all Radio and TV stations had to respond to the "public interest necessity and convenience." And that fairness doctrine meant that if they covered an issue, they had to give balanced coverage to issues of significance and controversy.
		That was the one hook that viewers or citizen groups had to file a complaint before the Federal Communications Commission saying that, say a TV station in Syracuse, New York, has been giving one-sided reporting on nuclear power and has not been providing an outlet for balanced views on the other side.
		The relationship between the effect of the Taft-Hartley Act on stock prices (profits) and the impact of the Act on the balance of power in labor relations is the following: The reduction in profits due to unionism and events associated with unions is greatest when the power of unions is greatest.
	www.ratical.com /co-globalize/RalphNader/030100.html (5415 words)

	RAND \| Papers \| Domestic common carriers and the Communications Act of 1934
		The Communications Act of 1934 is serving well in directing changes in market structure in light of opportunities and problems posed by technological advance.
		The author argues that the Act provides a suitable framework within which issues can be debated, evidence accumulated, critical assumptions examined, and a sounder basis constructed for decisionmaking.
		New issues may require modification to the Act, but it would be premature to seek amendments now for developments 20 or 30 years in the future.
	www.rand.org /pubs/papers/P5798 (314 words)

	The Communications Act of 1934 was a Mistake
		The Communications Act of 1934 was a mistake that we have lived with for sixty years.
		It is time to recognize it for what it is: a substantial assault on the freedom of speech which has haunted us for most of the twentieth century; the Communications Decency Act, which the '34 Act carries piggyback, seeks to extend that profound harm into the 21st century.
		Finally, the decision made in 1934 to grant a monopoly of the airwaves to a few large conglomerates guarantees that minority ideas, provocative ideas, are less likely to be heard on the air.
	www.spectacle.org /896/mistake.html (1388 words)

	Cybertelecom :: Communications Act of 1934
		The Committee reported that "the communications service, as far as congressional action is involved, should be regulated by a single body." A recommendation was made for the establishment of a new agency that would regulate all interstate and foreign communication by wire and radio, telegraphy, telephone and broadcast.
		The Communications Act allowed the FCC additional authority, including regulation of rates of interstate and international common carriers, and domestic administration of international agreements relating generally to electronic communication.
		"The stated purposes of the Act are "regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States a rapid, efficient, nationwide, and worldwide wire and radio communication service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges...
	www.cybertelecom.org /notes/communications_act.htm (663 words)

	Media Ownership Reform Act of 2004
		H. To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to prevent excessive concentration of ownership of the nation's media outlets, to restore fairness in broadcasting, and to foster and promote localism, diversity, and competition in the media.
		To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to prevent excessive concentration of ownership of the nation's media outlets, to restore fairness in broadcasting, and to foster and promote localism, diversity, and competition in the media.
		The enforcement and application of the requirement imposed by this subsection shall be consistent with the rules and policies of the Commission in effect on January 1, 1987.'.
	www.theorator.com /bills108/hr4069.html (2464 words)

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