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Topic: Communications in Cuba

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	Cuba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To the north is found the United States, to the northeast the Bahamas, to the east the Turks and Caicos Islands, to the west Mexico, to the south the Cayman Islands and Jamaica, and to the southeast Haiti.
		Pre-Columbian Cuba was first visited by Europeans when explorer Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Cuba for the first time on October 28, 1492, at the eastern tip, in the Cazigazgo of Baracoa.
		Cuba has a high abortion rate of 77.7 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in 1996, 3rd highest in the world among 55 countries whose abortion rate was available to be compiled in a 1999 UN study.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cuba (6238 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Western Hemisphere (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		GOVERNMENT Cuba is a totalitarian state dominated by Fidel Castro, who is president of the council of state and the council of ministers, First Secretary of the Communist Party (PCC), and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
		Cuba's military establishment is considered to be one of the most modern in the region.
		Cuba is not a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), and, although Cuba has announced its intent to sign the Treaty of Tlatelolco--a Latin American regional non-proliferation regime--it is not yet a signatory.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /erc/bgnotes/wha/cuba9411.html (5031 words)

	CUBA'S REPRESSIVE MACHINERY
		Cuba's concurrent refusal to amnesty politicalprisoners and its continued prosecutions of nonviolent activists highlight the critical role of Cuba's laws in its machinery of repression.
		Cuba also penalizes the distribution of "false information for the purpose of disturbing the international peace, or to endanger the prestige or credibility of the Cuban State or its good relations with another State." The penalty for spreading false news contrary to international peace is one to four years.
		Cuba permits habeas corpus petitions for "persons deprived of liberty...without the formalities and guarantees provided in the Constitution and the laws...."124 In 1975 reforms eliminated habeas corpus from the Cuban constitution, but retained the protection under the criminal law.
	www.hrw.org /reports/1999/cuba/Cuba996-03.htm (11425 words)

	Cuba Incentives About Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The last few years Cuba has been hit by some hurricanes, our experience is that tourists at that time in Cuba have the utmost priority to keep them in safe places and they are well taken care off by the government.
		Cuba has a network of telephone services which guarantee direct communication with any other part of the world and within it’s own territory.
		Cuba has 265 museums, over 100 art galleries, around 70 theaters, 120 publishing houses, 354 public libraries, 315 community centers, 46 schools of art and an international film school located in San Antonio de los Baños, Havana Province.
	www.cubaincentives.com /pages/cuba/geninfo.htm (612 words)

	CNN.com - Cuba reserves right to cut all U.S. phone communications - December 9, 2000
		Cuba has said it is cutting the direct links because American telephone companies have not paid the communist government's new tax of 10 percent on the basic, per-minute long distance rate for U.S.-Cuba calls.
		Cuba has suspended direct phone links between the two countries in the past, with only minor and temporary disruptions to service as the calls as routing systems for the calls are set up through other countries.
		Washington and foes of Fidel Castro's government criticized Cuba's Friday announcement of the upcoming cut in direct links, which was inaccurately interpreted by many as a total cut of all phone communications between the countries.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/americas/12/09/cuba.us.telephones.ap (649 words)

	[No title]
		Cuba says that any attempt by U.S. authorities to confiscate or freeze the money resulting from the 10% tax increase, will prompt the adoption of other measures, that could include a total flout of direct or indirect telephone communications between the two countries.
		The delegation is scheduled to visit Cuba's Friendship Institute and to participate in a block activity hosted by a Committee for the Defense of the Revolution neighborhood organization, in Havana's Plaza municipality.
		According to the film maker, the screening of the documentary on the island, is in honor of Cuba's contribution to Latin Jazz.
	www.radiohc.org /Distributions/Radio_Havana_English/.2000/2000_oct/Radio_Havana_Cuba-26_October_2000 (1455 words)

	Michelle
		She was referring to Cuba's term for its economic crisis in the 1990s after the Soviet collapse, when flouts and food shortages were common.
		Communications across Cuba were still limited, but a picture of widespread destruction was emerging, especially to some localities where Michelle's eye passed over and to the economically important sugar, citrus and coffee crops.
		Cuba's Civil Defense said four of the five victims on the island had died from collapsed buildings, while the fifth drowned at Playa Larga, on the Bay of Pigs, where Michelle entered and Cuba defeated a U.S.-backed invasion in 1961.
	www.uscsca.org /michelle.htm (2517 words)

	LADB: CubaSource
		We believe that the amount of news from and about Cuba, and growing interest in Cuba's internal political and economic changes, warrants a Cuba-specific bulletin that has no political agenda and offers the unbiased quality analysis for which LADB is known.
		Cuba cancels plans to finish building nuclear plant One of the Soviet-era projects of interest to the Russians was the nuclear generating plant at Juragua near Cienfuegos in southcentral Cuba.
		Cuba argues that the Soviet abandonment of its support in 1991 caused damages to the Cuban economy that were greater than the value of the debt.
	ladb.unm.edu /cubasource (2708 words)

	chapter 19
		One of the key factors affecting the operation of satellite communications in Cuba was the selection of a standard for color television broadcasts.
		Because of satellite communications, Cuba was able to participate early on in the international exchange of television news.
		Cuba's satellite communications capability also benefited groups of interested users located in Europe and other regions of the world.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4217/ch19.htm (1655 words)

	University of Nebraska-Lincoln College of Journalism and Mass Communications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From the five finalists a jury votes which one is most worthy of the Pulitzer and the winner is announced in April, Starita said.
		Dakarai Aarons, one of the students who worked on the project, wrote stories that detailed conditions in Cuba's political prisons, the political power that Cuban exiles wield in the United States, racism in Cuba and an editorial about his experience with racism in Cuba.
		Starita said projects like the Cuba one give students the opportunity to expose themselves to real life journalistic experiences that can't be done in a classroom setting.
	journalism.unl.edu /about/news/cuba.html (471 words)

	Digitization And Internet Access Will Continue To Increase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A full-fledged event in Cuba, where just like in any other country prompt and efficient communication is a basic need and has a high value in all senses.
		It is not up to Cuba to be connected to the Internet at the speed it would like to or with as many independent channels or providers it can choose.
		Cuba’s current connection to the so-called Infobahn does not offer the appropriate bandwidth to meet the country’s requirements.
	www.embacubalebanon.com /computinge.html (2667 words)

	CNN.com - Cuba warns it could cut all telephone links with United States - October 23, 2000
		"The government of Cuba reserves the right to adopt the measures it judges pertinent, including cutting off all direct and indirect telephone communications between Cuba and the United States," the government said in a front page editorial in the Communist Party daily Granma.
		Cuba has cut direct telephone communications between the two countries in the past, but in recent years has allowed for indirect communications routed through third countries, such as Canada.
		Under a recently passed bill that President Clinton has promised to sign, the frozen funds that Cuba referred to is to be awarded to the families of three men killed when their civilian planes were shot down by Cuban fighter jets in 1996.
	archives.cnn.com /2000/WORLD/americas/10/23/cuba.telephones.ap (480 words)

	Cuba broadcasts Radio China to Americas / Reuters - Cuba News / Noticias - CubaNet News
		HAVANA, Dec 28 (Reuters) - Cuba, the target of U.S.-funded radio and TV programmes hostile to its one-party political system, is retransmitting Chinese radio programmes to the American continent, Communications Minister Silvano Colas said on Tuesday.
		Cuba does allow Russia to operate an electronic communications and intelligence-gathering facility on its soil.
		Colas said Cuba continues to jam broadcasts by TV Marti, a U.S. government-funded station created in 1990 to criticise Cuba's President Fidel Castro and his one-party socialist rule.
	www.cubanet.org /CNews/y99/dec99/29e4.htm (331 words)

	DIGITAL CUBA
		As part of joint ventures with foreign companies and governments, Cuba is updating its telecommunications network with the use of broadband backbones and satellite technology.
		Cuba closely monitors the Internet in public sites but, as is well known, there is an evergrowing Underground Internet in Cuba which allows unrestricted access to the Internet for private citizens.
		Cuba has entered the Internet age and the long term effects will certainly be better for everyone.
	www.digitalcuba.com (169 words)

	Communications in Cuba -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Communications in Cuba -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Principal trunk system, end to end of country, is coaxial cable; fiber-optic distribution in Havana and on Isla de la Juventud; 2 microwave radio relay installations (one is old, US-built; the other newer, Soviet-built); both analog and digital mobile cellular service established
		(A communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba; involved in state-sponsored terrorism) Cuba
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/communications_in_cuba.htm (99 words)

	Inter Press Service News Agency
		A number of companies or institutions have found it more cost-effective for certain employees to work out of their homes, and many of them are provided with the technological equipment and passwords needed to telecommute.
		Observers in Cuba say that underlying the resolution is the cash-strapped state's need to increase the inflow of foreign exchange.
		According to the Ministry of Informatics and Communications, there are around 270,000 computers in Cuba, 65 percent of which are connected to either a local intranet or the internet.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=22598 (974 words)

	Pay up or hang up, Cuba tells five U.S. phone firms
		Cuba has been warning for weeks that it would cut off all telephone links to the United States unless it was paid quickly.
		The U.S. State Department has sided with Cuba in arguing against the garnishment of the U.S. payments owed to Havana, saying that it's in the national interest to maintain open lines of communication.
		At a hearing Tuesday before King, lawyers for the U.S. government, ETECSA and three of the U.S. telephone companies argued that such a seizure would violate diplomatic conventions and damage the claims of U.S. citizens whose Cuban properties were seized by President Fidel Castro's government in the 1960s.
	www.fiu.edu /~fcf/payuphangup.html (634 words)

	Tessie's Cuba Libra?: Canadian arm of Heinz-Kerry electronic octopus hooked Cuba up to Worldwide Net
		A massive, 24-hour, transnational computer communications network, IGC services 17 United Nations offices, 40,000 activists, some of the radical stripe and a legion of non-government organizations in more than 133 countries.
		Canada, upon which Cuba’s tax system is based, maintains a much softer stance on the Castro regime.
		Not only was Cuba’s tax system built with the direct advice of Revenue Canada, Canada has been doing business with the island since 1959.
	www.canadafreepress.com /2004/main071904.htm (521 words)

	Jose Basulto - Brothers to the Rescue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the indictment unsealed on Friday, Gerardo Hernandez, the alleged leader of a Cuba spy ring, was charged with conspiracy to commit murder in the Feb. 24, 1996, shooting down of two unarmed civilian planes belonging to Brothers to the Rescue, which searches for Cuban refugees at sea.
		The document recalled that the U.S. Congress recently authorized the freezing of funds belonging to the Cuban telecommunications firm ETECSA to comensate the family members of the terrorist organization Brothers to the Rescue whose aircraft were shot down after having repeatedly violated Cuban airspace during a period of several years.
		Cuba affirms that this congressional action -- soon to become law with the signing of the bill by the U.S. president -- is completely unjustifiable.
	www.afrocubaweb.com /basulto.htm (5575 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries.
		Cuba's Communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
		Cuba portrays its difficulties as the result of the US embargo in place since 1961.
	www.brainyatlas.com /geos/cu.html (1420 words)

	MAP OF CUBA -- Links to Map of cuba
		The military of Cuba from the CIA Factbook.
		The geography of Cuba from the CIA Factbook.
		The communications of Cuba from the CIA Factbook.
	www.cubatarifas.com /map-of-cuba.html (155 words)

	Joe McBride - MeJoe.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cuba's population of 10 million is an excellent market for Texas goods such as beef, farm products and technology.
		My daughter rarely is able to visit or communicate with her grandma and grandpa.
		The embargo on Cuba is destructive to Americans and Cubans.
	www.mejoe.com /article?id=76 (405 words)

	COMMUNICATIONS-CUBA: Internet Only in Dollars, and Away from Home
		Even though Cubans currently do not have opportunity to create a personal account for navigating the Internet, in the future the majority will not be able to access the web from their homes at all.
		And there is a veritable underground cyber-market, which includes the design, production and placement of pages on web sites outside of Cuba, advertising rental property, tour guides, art galleries and private restaurants on the island.
		Communications authorities assure that the Fidel Castro government would be willing to make Internet access available to the general public, but that there are major economic barriers that have forced the government to give priority to certain sectors of the population and to what is known as "social use".
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=21921 (1054 words)

	[No title]
		PeaceNet's Cuba conference provides a unique forum for the exchange of information between Cuba and the world, without censorship or an editorial filter from the government or the mainstream press.
		The Association for Progressive Communications is a worldwide partnership of member networks dedicated to providing low-cost computer communications services for individuals and organizations working for the environment, peace, development, social and economic justice and universal human rights.
		In 1993 APC is endorsed by the United Nations Centre for Human Rights to provide computer communication and information services at the 1993 UN World Conference on Human Rights IGC Rates After a one-time $15 sign-up fee, the monthly subscription is $10, which includes one free hour of off-peak use.
	www.geo.unipr.it /~davide/cuba/e-mail/PeaceNet.html (772 words)

	Cuba Travel agency Cubalinda.com: flights, hotels, cars, vacation packages, transfers, scuba diving, and maps.
		Cuba Travel agency Cubalinda.com: flights, hotels, cars, vacation packages, transfers, scuba diving, and maps.
		Pack the best of Cuba into a short vacation or take your time, see more, and go home rejuvenated.
		For those who want to know more about Cuba, Cubalinda offers this FREE report for Travelers to Cuba which sum up the Travelers Advice section of our biweekly website bulletin Cuba Unlimited.
	www.cubalinda.com (295 words)

	DECREE-LAW OF THE COUNCIL OF STATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CUBA ON COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN CUBA AND THE United States of ...
		WHEREAS: Article 12 (f), of the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, rejects the violation of the inalienable and sovereign right of every State to regulate the use and benefits of telecommunications within its territory, in accordance with universal practice and the international conventions of which it is a signatory.
		Article 4: For every minute of every telephone call between Cuba and the U.S., or vice versa, including calls made through third countries, the tax charged will be the equivalent of 10% of the basic per minute call rate applied to users in Cuba for calls made to the United States of America.
		The Executive Committee of the Council of Ministers is empowered to establish the relevant regulations in order that the revenues of third country telephone companies are not impaired and the regular annual growth of communications between Cuba and said countries is taken into consideration.
	www.cuba.cu /gobierno/documentos/2000/ing/d231000i.html (981 words)

	Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Cuba's Communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s.
		Cuba paid high prices for oil imports in the face of slumping prices in the key sugar and nickel industries and suffered a slowdown in tourist arrivals following September 11.
		The government aimed for 3% growth in 2002, but growth was held back by hurricanes, depressed tourism, and faltering world economic conditions, including low world sugar prices and a shortage of external financing.
	travel.jdwebpages.com /country-info/Cuba.html (1442 words)

	...GENERAL INFO: COMMUNICATIONS IN CUBA... Cubalinda.com-Your Travel to Cuba!!!...
		For most visitors the main communications concern is keeping in touch with people outside Cuba, and for this the system usually works well.
		Cellular telephones are also available for rent by visitors although lack of installations reduces their use to the major cities and tourist areas.
		Some visitors bring laptop computers and portable printers for use in Cuba, but temporary internet connections for visitors are not yet available.
	www.cubalinda.com /English/General_Info/G_InfoCommunicationsinCUBA.asp (290 words)

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