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Topic: Communications in Somalia

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Communications in Africa

Communications in South Africa

Somali Democratic Republic

Foreign relations of Somalia

Transportation in Somalia

Somalia

Economy of Somalia

Demographics of Somalia

Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on Somalia

Banaadir

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Politics of Somalia

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Somali language

History of Somalia

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Somalia
		Somalia, republic in eastern Africa, bounded on the north by the Gulf of Aden, on the east and south by the Indian Ocean, on the southwest by Kenya, on the west by Ethiopia, and on the northwest by Djibouti.
		Somalia is one of the world’s poorest and least developed countries, with 75 percent (1990) of the labor force dependent on agriculture.
		Livestock raising is the principal occupation in Somalia.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761554555__1/Somalia.html (2988 words)

	Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Somalia is an African country that exists solely in a de jure capacity.
		Somalia has no recognized central government authority, president, national currency, or any other feature associated with a well-established nation state.
		Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator between the Gulf of Aden on the north and Indian Ocean on the west.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/s/so/somalia.html (848 words)

	Somalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Somalia was one of the many countries devastated by the tsunami which struck the Indian Ocean coast following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, destroying entire villages and killing an estimated 300 people.
		Somalia is located on the east coast of Africa on and north of the Equator between the Gulf of Aden on the north and Indian Ocean on the east.
		Somalia has one of the highest child mortality rates in the world, with 10% of children dying at birth and 25% of those surviving birth dying before age five.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Somalia (2021 words)

	Somalia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال, As-Sumal), formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic, is a coastal nation in East Africa.
		Somalia was one of the many countries devastated by the resulting tsunami which struck the Indian Ocean coast, destroying entire villages and killing an estimated 300 people.
		Some areas in Somalia are actually doing better economically than before the war when the socialist government of Siad Barre had suppressed free enterprise and neglected large parts of the country.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Somalia (1695 words)

	Map Zones : Somalia Map
		In 1981 Somalia informed the UN Conference on the Least Developed Countries that the nomadic population was "omitted from the formal education program for the purposes of forecasting primary education enrollment." In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the government provided a three-year education program for nomadic children.
		Before Somalia’s government collapsed in 1991 and fighting escalated among clans seeking control of the country, education was free and compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 14.
		Somalia or Somali Democratic Republic, republic in eastern Africa, bordered on the north by the Gulf of Aden, on the east and south by the Indian Ocean, on the south-west by Kenya, on the west by Ethiopia, and on the north-west by Djibouti.
	kids.mapzones.com /world/somalia (5644 words)

	- Transportation : SomaliNet > Somali > Somalia and Somalinad
		This activity must be understood in the context of the ongoing civil war in Somalia; much of the infrastructure particularly bridges in the north, either had deteriorated or been destroyed, as a result of the fighting.
		At independence, Somalia inherited a poorly developed transportation system consisting of a few paved roads in the more populated areas in the south and northwest, four undeveloped ports equipped only with lighterage facilities, and a handful of usable airstrips (see).
		Somalia had only one paved road that extended from north of Mogadishu to Ethopia; all other links to neighboring countries were dirt trails impassable in rainy weather.
	www.somalinet.com /library/somalia?so=0076 (684 words)

	1Up Travel > Somalia > Travel & Tourism \| Tourist Guide to Somalia
		Somalia's modern history began in the late l9th century, when various European powers began to trade and establish themselves in the area.
		The SRC became increasingly radical in foreign affairs, and in 1974, Somalia and the Soviet Union concluded a treaty of friendship and cooperation.
		Within Somalia, Siad Barre's regime confronted insurgencies in the northeast and northwest, whose aim was to overthrow his government.
	www.1uptravel.com /international/africa/somalia (2733 words)

	Somalia Operations: Lessons Learned, II. Operational Lessons Learned (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		However, the ultimate result was that in Somalia MG Montgomery confronted a situation in which his command was constructed not as a result of a joint blueprint carefully modified to reflect his circumstances, but rather as the result of a considerably more convoluted planning process.
		One example: the J6 (communications) staff was not assigned to the JTF early enough to influence communications plannning, and the J6 director himself did not arrive in country until 2 weeks after the activation of UNOSOM II.
		Following the Marine redeployment, a backbone communications capability from the 11th Signal Brigade was maintained in each of the areas of operation until a U.N. structure was established in December 1993.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/ndu/allard_somalia/allardch2.html (12452 words)

	Somalia
		Somalia, situated in the Horn of Africa, lies along the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean.
		Somalia acknowledged defeat in an eight-month war against the Ethiopians that year, having lost much of its 32,000-man army and most of its tanks and planes.
		Somalia: Economy - Economy Pastoralism is the dominant mode of life; both nomadic and sedentary herding of cattle,...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107979.html (1039 words)

	---- 6. Somalia radio regulations. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Waa muhiim in aad ogaysiiso jamciyadda amitar raadyoo ee qaranka Soomaaliya mar alaale iyo marka aad badasho ciwaankaaga sidaa awgeedna waxay kaacaawin karaan Maamulka Isgaarsiinta ee Soomaaliya in si dhaqso ah kuu meeleeyaan ayna xaliso dhibaatada isdhexyaaca raadiyaha.
		Radio Amateurs may communicate with Citizen Band operators in the nationally allocated 26.100 to 27.995MHz CB radio band for the purpose of extending technical advice and assistance to those radio users as well as helping foreign visitors who are using such equipment in the country.
		Such licenses issued in the name of the Somalia Interim authority North East Region (NER) of Somalia and on behalf of the NER Telecommunications Ministry for Somalia is recognised as authorising immediate amateur radio operation in Somalia.
	www.somaliahamradio.8k.com /custom4.html (2697 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| US shuts down Somalia internet
		Somalia's only internet company and a key telecoms business have been forced to close because the United States suspects them of terrorist links.
		Al-Barakaat, Somalia's largest company with interests in telecommunications, banking and postal services, closed its financial businesses after its assets were frozen.
		Somalia's prime minister has issued a decree appointing a special committee to investigate al-Barakaat, as well as all other remittance companies.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/africa/newsid_1672000/1672220.stm (470 words)

	Somalia
		Somalia's economy was seriously damaged by the civil war and its aftermath, but the private sector is trying to reemerge.
		Additionally, there have been threats against Westerners in Somalia, including Somaliland, and all visitors are urged to restrict their movements in the region.
		U.S. citizens who plan to enter Somalia despite the Travel Warning are encouraged to register with the nearest U.S. Embassy or Consulate through the State Department’s travel registration website, https://travelregistration.state.gov, and to obtain updated information on travel and security within Somalia.
	travel.state.gov /travel/somalia.html (1860 words)

	Africa: Country Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Somalia is largely fractured into warring fiefdoms controlled by warlords.
		In northeastern Somalia, the self-declared autonomous region of Puntland, under the leadership of Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf, was also highly sensitive to media criticism.
		Authorities in Somalia's autonomous Puntland State ordered the arrest of editors Ali and Deeq, of the private weekly Sahan, and reporter Mohamed Ali, of the independent newspaper Riyaq, in retaliation for the journalists' criticism of their human-rights practices.
	www.cpj.org /attacks99/africa99/Somalia.html (459 words)

	WELLCOME T TO LUUQ GANAANE HOMEPAGE: WALAALAYAAL KUSOO DHAWAADA HOME PAGKAN OO AH MID AAD U BAGI DOONTAAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Somalia's economic fortunes are being driven by its deep political divisions.
		Livestock, hides, fish, charcoal, and bananas are Somalia's principal exports, while sugar, sorghum, corn, qat, and machined goods are the principal imports.
		Somalia's small industrial sector, based on the processing of agricultural products, has largely been looted and sold as scrap metal.
	www.freewebs.com /luuq/taariikhdasomalia.htm (1558 words)

	4. Going to Somalia. 5. Ham Radio in Somalia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Yellow fever is not found in Somalia but that vaccine is valid for 10 years so it might be useful in your future travels if you want to have it.
		Somalia is attracting these skilled communication volunteers with radio regulations that are the best in the world.
		Somalia allows hams the greatest transmission power, use of the lowest and highest frequencies possible and a free life time ham visitor’s license to encourage hams to keep coming back to enjoy their holidays in Somalia.
	www.somaliahamradio.8k.com /custom2.html (2423 words)

	Africa 2001
		Although the year began with news that the economy was slowly recovering, it ended with a bleak United Nations assessment that Somalia was on the brink of an economic collapse unmatched in its modern history.
		In November, Somalia lost most of its communication links with the outside world when the U.S. government shut down the Al-Barakaat banking and telecommunications firm for its alleged part in bin Laden's terrorist network.
		This was because the U.S. government had severed telephone and e-mail communications to Somalia as part of its global war on terrorism.
	www.cpj.org /attacks01/africa01/somalia.html (1026 words)

	ABOUT SOMALIA
		Therefore, the reunification of Somaliland and Southern Somalia, on the day when Italy granted independence to the latter, was a result of the enthusiasm of the Somalilanders, tempered by the caution of their leaders.
		Somalia's chief cities and towns are Mogadishu* (the capital), Hargeisa, Burao, Berbera, Bossaso, Marka, Brava, Baidoa, and Kismaayo.
		Somalia has its minorities: There are people of Bantu descent living in farming villages in the south, and Arab enclaves in the coastal cities.
	unas.4t.com /about.html (5758 words)

	2. Somalia ham radio call signs. 3. Visitor ham radio license. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Somalia is the first country to allow a national amateur radio organisation to issue amateur radio licenses to qualified persons on behalf of a Government amateur radio licensing authority free of charge and for life.
		Until the Somalia Amateur Radio Society (called SARFEN- Somalia Amateur Radio Friendship and Emergency Network) is formed and ready to take this role, Sam Voron, 6O0A, 6O1A has been authorised by the Somalia Communications authority to issue such licenses on their behalf.
		These licenses are issued free of charge and for life to any individual who passes the Somalia amateur radio license-qualifying course to the level of the Australian unrestricted amateur radio license.
	www.somaliahamradio.8k.com /photo5.html (2194 words)

	FREE In-depth report - Communications - Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To improve the telecommunications system between Somalia and European and Persian Gulf countries, the European Development Fund in 1988 provided 5 million European currency units (ECU).
		Japan contributed a further US$83 million in 1988 for a telecommunications project to be completed in 1991; implementation was delayed, however, by the anarchy prevailing after the fall of Siad Barre.
		If you did not find the information you were looking for on the subject of Communications you may wish to do another search of Exploitz.com: related Communications search
	www.exploitz.com /Somalia-Communications-cg.php (318 words)

	7. SARFEN. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		All Somalia radio amateurs and VISITORS in Somalia with a Somalia HAM radio visitor license and any INTERESTED PERSON in Somalia with no licence is a FREE MEMBER of the Somalia Amateur Radio Friendship and Emergency Network (SARFEN) as of 18 September 2004.
		Heath and welfare communications for communities, agencies and persons involved in emergency, disaster or humanitarian relief efforts or in temporary situations where regular communications is overloaded, has failed or is none existent.
		To foreign radio amateurs who are holding a Somalia visitor’s amateur radio license and who are outside Somalia for less than 3 and a half months prior to the date of the AGM and intend to return to Somalia within the 3 and a half months.
	www.somaliahamradio.8k.com /about.html (8290 words)

	Bab-el-Mandeb Under Surveillance, Red Carpet for Zenawi in Moscow, The TNG's Shady Friends
		The main role will go the German navy whose mission will be to monitor communications between Somalia and Yemen, in order to prevent elements from the Al Qaida organization of Osama bin Laden to find refuge in Somalia or to use a country in the region as a backward base for new terrorist attempts.
		And yet, Bossasso is a region where radical Islamic groups are renown for their activities, and his supposed leniency towards this Islamic group has led Jama Ali Jama to be systematically criticized by his Garowe-based rival, Colonel Abdullahi Yussuf, who is close to the Ethiopian régime.
		As for the United States, they are considering transferring their communications monitoring headquarters from Nairobi, where it is currently based, to Djibouti.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archivedec01/011211201.htm (1116 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Somalia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2005 est.)
		The northwestern area has declared its independence as the "Republic of Somaliland"; the northeastern region of Puntland is a semi-autonomous state; and the remaining southern portion is riddled with the struggles of rival factions.
		In 2004 Somalia's overdue financial obligations to the IMF continued to grow.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/so.html (1600 words)

	USIP PeaceWatch - August 1996
		Improving communications among the military, governments, and humanitarian aid organizations is essential to successful peacekeeping operations.
		Solomon spoke at an Institute conference entitled "Managing Communication: Lessons from Interventions in Africa," held June 20 at the National Defense University (NDU).
		Many speakers said the communities involved in humanitarian aid and peacekeeping operations have been learning from each operation, and coordination has improved dramatically.
	www.usip.org /peacewatch/1996/896/vdconf.html (505 words)

	Directory - Regional: Africa: Somalia: Business and Economy
		This category covers business and economic activities in Somalia, including listings of companies and industries.
		NetSomalia · cached · NetSomalia was established in 1999 in Mogadishu, Somalia by a group of Somali computer programmers and IT professionals.
		Galkacayo Telecom · Galkom-reliable communication services such as outbound long distance services, private lines (residential and business), conference calling, cellular, as well as Internet services.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=88098 (236 words)

	Somalia - Facts about Somalia including map and flag images
		note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2002 est.)
		Somalia does not have an embassy in the US (ceased operations on 8 May 1991); note - the TNG and other factions have representatives in Washington
		One of the world's poorest and least developed countries, Somalia has few resources and is prone to drought.
	www.world-atlas.net /Somalia (1542 words)

	Somalia Communications 1997 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Somalia Communications 1997 - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
		Telephone system the public telecommunications system was completely destroyed or dismantledby the civil war factions; all relief organizations depend on their own privatesystems
		Television broadcast stations 0 (Somalia's only TV station was demolished during the civil strife,sometime in 1991)
	www.photius.com /wfb1997/somalia/somalia_communications.html (124 words)

	Games Web Page
		The Somali people and many international organizations have spent much time as well as precious resources on coping with SomaliaÃÂ¢Ã¢âÂ¬Ã¢âÂ¢s current political turmoil and its civil wars, while, throughout, the environment has been left to suffer.
		Due to the lack of a proper and reliable communication infrastructure in Somalia, we maintain our International & communications office in Ottawa, Canada.
		With human and animal lives at stake in Somalia, SGP is here to stay and will continue the struggle, undaunted by the task in its war-torn homeland.
	www.africagreenparty.20m.com (807 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » Waves kill 50 in Africa, nations appeal for aid
		NAIROBI, Dec 28 (Reuters) - Failed state Somalia and tourist paradise Seychelles appealed for aid on Tuesday after heavy seas whipped up by the Asian earthquake killed at least 50 people thousands of miles away in Africa.
		Patchy communications to Somalia's remote northeast left aid workers unclear of the full extent of damage in the African country worst hit by the quake and resulting tidal waves.
		Representatives of the war-ravaged Horn of Africa's new government, sitting in the Kenyan capital Nairobi, reported a state of emergency in Somalia's restive Puntland district.
	www.reliefweb.int /w/rwb.nsf/9ca65951ee22658ec125663300408599/f6938b911b04b044c1256f780047c166?OpenDocument (630 words)

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