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	Communicative language teaching - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language.
		This means that successfully learning a foreign language is assessed in terms of how well learners have developed their communicative competence, which can loosely be defined as their ability to apply knowledge of both formal and sociolinguistic aspects of a language with adequate proficiency to communicate.
		These five features show that practitioners of CLT are very interested in the needs and desires of their learners as well as the connection between the language as it is taught in their class and as it used outside the classroom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communicative_language_teaching (896 words)

	ERIC L & L Digest
		It is intended as an introduction to the communicative approach for teachers and teachers-in-training who want to provide opportunities in the classroom for their students to engage in real-life communication in the target language.
		Unlike the audiolingual method of language teaching, which relies on repetition and drills, the communicative approach can leave students in suspense as to the outcome of a class exercise, which will vary according to their reactions and responses.
		In this light, language study has to look at the use (function) of language in context, both its linguistic context (what is uttered before and after a given piece of discourse) and its social, or situational, context (who is speaking, what their social roles are, why they have come together to speak)" (Berns, 1984, p.
	www.cal.org /resources/digest/gallow01.html (1547 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching
		In CLT the teacher serves as more of a facilitator, allowing students to be in charge of their own learning.
		Whereas traditional language teaching places a lot of emphasis on grammar rules and verb conjugations, CLT emphasizes real-life situations and communication in context (Galloway, 1993).
		In these exercises, the goal is for the student to communicate his or her needs and thoughts, without worrying about having perfect grammar.
	coe.sdsu.edu /eet/Articles/comlangteach/start.htm (376 words)

	EDUC697P-- Dong-Shin Shin:Digital Teaching Portfolio
		Communicative competence is based on cultural and social awareness of the target language and the community where it is spoken and written.
		Considering that language is social practice, language teaching for communicative competence should be in the background of the culture of a second language and its discourse community.
		In communicative language teaching, it is natural to use authentic material that incorporates dialogue and texts spoken or written by native speakers, for native speakers, to communicate real-life messages for real-life purposes, according to the socially sanctioned conventions of real-life language usage (Kramsch, 1993).
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~dongshin/public_html/697partifact.html (1383 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CLT came up with the failure of Audiolingualism and " CLT came to be a symbol of everything that Audiolingualism could not be " (Savigon, 1983) The goal of this approach is to develop learner's communicative competence.
		Characteristics of CLT are that it focuses meaning and contexts in learning experience and introduce authentic materials.
		Activities in CLT are often carried out by students in small groups (Larsen-Freeman,1986,p132) Learner-centered teaching way is emphasized in CLT.
	www.coe.ohio-state.edu /swong/_703M2/00000010.htm (118 words)

	Huang - Communicative Language Teaching in a Multimedia Language Lab (I-TESL-J)
		Littlewood (1981) described the CLT approach that one of the most characteristic features of communicative language teaching is that it pay systematic attention to functional as well as structural aspects of language.
		It has the tendency that the two-way communication between the teacher and the students turned to be the one-way teacher to student communication.
		Although this study shows that the CLT approach is not as successful as we had expected in a setting of the multimedia lab, this study suggests that with the fast development of computer technology, foreign language teaching in a setting other than the traditional classroom is still a promising trend.
	iteslj.org /Techniques/Huang-CompLab.htm (3367 words)

	Language in India
		The teacher of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), who is a native of speaker of English, needs to give up the peculiarities of his/her regional and/or social dialect at the informal level, and to switch over to the standard which is closer to the ordinary, plain written English, in his/her classroom.
		When English is introduced in the school curriculum as a language to be learned in addition to a national language or languages, it is inevitable that governments and institutions would look for training their own nationals to meet the demand.
		These are important steps in practicing the language material, but these should not become the focus of the learning process in the classroom, because ultimately the TESOL speaker is expected to use English in novel and unpredictive ways to meet his or her needs.
	www.languageinindia.com /april2002/tesolbook.html (20431 words)

	DELPHI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		FDTL languages projects and to expand the debate to encompass research on other crucial questions: autonomy, ab initio learning, distance learning, tandem learning, intercultural skills, the European Language Portfolio, grammar teaching, use of the target language in "content" courses, IWLPs, learner motivation and learning strategies.
		Furthermore, the new communication technologies are becoming increasingly accessible to language learners and teachers, in all educational sectors.
		This manual seeks to suggest ways in which language assistants can be made as effective as possible in their work-based roles, and moreover as quickly as possible.The manual can be used selectively, or as a means of developing a full induction programme.
	www.delphi.bham.ac.uk /resources.htm (1988 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Unfortunately, communicative goals in CLT are usually described so narrowly that it is impossible to study the necessary syntactic forms properly.
		Although CLT grew out of a rejection of "structuralism" which was supposed to be based on behaviourism, communicative goals in CLT are all described in typical behaviourist terminology.
		And it is quite possible to teach within a narrative structure and not use a "text" in the conventional sense.
	www.btinternet.com /~ted.power/esl0404.html (3481 words)

	The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 78 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Momin, on the other hand, blames 'Communicative English' because now grammar is not taught and assessed forgetting that teaching and assessing grammar are the tasks of syllabus to determine and not of a method.
		The introduction of their new curriculum with hardly any focus on grammar was simultaneous with their prescription of 'Communicative English' which may lead people to believe that grammar does not have a place in this approach to language teaching.
		In considering this way of teaching, we cannot afford to forget that we have embarked upon changed global circumstances where the need for cross-cultural communication is felt more than ever before.
	www.thedailystar.net /2003/08/13/d30813110577.htm (769 words)

	Thematic, Communicative Language Teaching in the K-8 Classroom. ERIC Digests.
		Foreign language instruction for children can be enriched when teachers use thematic units that focus on content-area information, engage students in activities in which they must think critically, and provide opportunities for students to use the target language in meaningful contexts and in new and complex ways.
		Increasingly, foreign language educators are integrating the five Cs of the standards into "content-related" (Curtain and Pesola, 1994) or "theme-based" (Scarcella and Oxford, 1992) curricula.
		Planning thematic units allows the teacher to incorporate a variety of language concepts into a topic area that is interesting and worthy of study and that gives students a reason to use the language.
	www.ericdigests.org /2001-2/thematic.html (1498 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Communicative language teaching is the generally accepted norm in the field of second language teaching.
		CLT suggests communicative language and language acquisition, and the approach proposes way for learners to internalize a second language and to experiment in a classroom context.
		Therefore, the classroom context is used to create activities to teach students how to react in a real world situation, not to fake real-world situations.
	www.abacom.com /~nathan/clt.htm (162 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is pretence that the Communicative Language Teaching approach (where the learner has "an active, negotiative role" with reference to Breen's three areas of class management) has revolutionized language teaching.
		Good language teachers recognise the constraints under which they are operating and do not abdicate their role as information-providers and managers.
		I ran a self-access centre at The English Language Centre in Hove from 1991 to 1996, years when Communicative Language Teaching was certainly hyped in many I.A.T.E.F.L./ T.E.S.O.L. conference presentations and in the Applied Linguistics and TEFL press.
	www.btinternet.com /~ted.power/esl0512.html (3613 words)

	Sysoyev - Integrative L2 Grammar Teaching: Exploration, Explanation and Expression (I-TESL-J)
		Comparison of communicative (also referred as meaning-based) to form-based (also referred as structure-based) approaches in L2 teaching shows that communicative language teaching enables students to perform spontaneously, but does not guarantee linguistic accuracy of the utterances.
		Integrative grammar teaching, which presupposes students' interaction while learning, can be viewed as a cognitive process of learning an L2 that reflects the sociocultural theory proposed by the Russian psychologist Vygotsky (1978).
		Communicative interaction will be better if it is content-based, which allows students to relate it to something they care or know about, thus making it authentic.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Sysoyev-Integrative.html (6059 words)

	COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING AND TESTING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		You are asked to propose one activity or a set of activities for a teaching session.
		You will show how the types of activities you produce are consistent with some of the theoretical tenets and research that underlie communicative language teaching.
		Produce a language test for an audience and purpose of your choice.
	www.gre.ac.uk /~ba07/clt.htm (271 words)

	Vol 32 No 2, April - June 1994 Page 2
		However, promoting a spontaneous intuitive use of the target language, a principal achievement of the interactive language acquisition approach, can have an untoward consequence when the use of spontaneous response is encouraged in a communicative situation where time for reflection is needed.
		While "communicative competence can be said to be an interpersonal rather than an intrapersonal trait" (Savignon 1983:8), not all communicative negotiations need to be done in dyads, triads, and small groups.
		Rethinking communicative language teaching: Reflection and the EFL classroom.
	exchanges.state.gov /forum/vols/vol32/no2/p2.htm (2499 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching Part 10
		Consistency of teaching approaches is not the same as uniformity, but a wide difference of approaches is confusing to learners as they progress through the school.
		Frequent exposure and use of the target language is essential.
		Positive attitudes on the part of teachers to the teaching of languages and a good level of teaching skills are crucial to pupils' performance.
	www.aber.ac.uk /~mflwww/Comlangteach/cltteach3.html (1085 words)

	Making Communicative Language Teaching Happen:0073655171:Lee, James F.; Vanpatten, Bill:eCampus.com
		Praised for its fresh and informed discussion of language instruction and language acquisition, the first edition of "Making Communicative Language Teaching Happen was recognized by the Modern Language Association as one of the twenty most influential methods textbooks.
		The authors are both internationally recognized scholars in the field of second language acquisition research and have also written numerous successful language textbooks.
		The guiding principle of "Making Communicative Language Teaching Happen is the premise that communication is the expression, interpretation, and negotiation of meaning, and not simply oral expression.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0073655171b (127 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Books: Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom (Language Teaching Library) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom provides a balanced introduction to both the theoretical and practical aspects of communicative task design, and is aimed at all second and foreign language teachers who want to develop their own tasks, or adopt/adapt those of others.
		The major purpose is to integrate recent research and practice in language teaching into a framework for analysing learning tasks.
		The ideas presented are relevant to teachers working in or preparing for a range of teaching situations with a variety of learner types.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521379156 (395 words)

	The role of grammar in communicative language teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The role of grammar in communicative language teaching
		Although comprehensible input alone is not sufficient to cause second language acquisition, it is an absolutely necessary ingredient.
		One approach to teaching grammar in language classrooms, which as you will hear is interventionist, is the following.
	www.mhhe.com /socscience/foreignlang/conf/lee.html (435 words)

	Dr. Werner Schäfer: Current Classes: Communicative Language Teaching (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The theory of Communicative Language Teaching, when first formulated in the 1970s, constituted a major breakaway from what at the time was the dominant language teaching theory, a breakaway concerning both the then current theory of language and the theory of learning.
		It soon found its way into school curricula, and its impact has been powerful to this day, although it is far from clear whether it has decisively changed actual classroom practice.
		The course will deal with the theoretical foundations and practical applications of this language teaching method, setting it off against previous theories and against what is prevalent in the so-called “post-communicative” era.
	www.uni-trier.de /~schaefew/clt.htm (254 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The communicative approach is changing the face of foreign language teaching.
		It provides an introduction to communicative language teaching for practising classroom teachers.
		The author gives a single coherent account of the basic communicative ideas, emphasizing those aspects most important in the classroom so that teachers can integrate the new ideas into their own familiar methods.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521281547 (154 words)

	Bill_vanpatten (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Taking as its model the distinctly Hispanic genre of the telenovela, Destinos offered instructors an exciting new way to teach their students Spanish language and culture and to do so in an authentic, compelling, and conversation.
		Groundbreaking text in communicative Spanish teaching : The first edition of SQ blasted onto the market nearly 10 years ago and broke ALL the rules.
		The book is not insightful, and I felt so frustrated attempting to learn the vocab, that I would often turn to online translations for answers simply becuase the book falls short in providing enough of a background for students to engadge in the language on their own...
	books.mysic.com /Author/Bill_Vanpatten (678 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The term "communicative language teaching" covers a variety of approaches that all focus on helping learners to communicate meaningfully in a target language.
		Early approaches downplayed the importance of grammar, some even advocating the abandonment of any focus on form.
		More recent approaches acknowledge the centrality of grammar [and try and teach learners the relationship between grammatical form and communicative meaning.]
	www.mun.ca /educ/faculty/emurphy/CLT/tsld001.htm (61 words)

	Communicative Language Teaching
		Learning to Teach Modern Foreign Languages in the Secondary School
		Chapter 3 ' Teaching methods and learning strategies in modern foreign languages ' (pp 42-61))
		Chapter 3 ' Stages in foreign language teaching ' (pp 31-46)
	www.aber.ac.uk /education-odl/clteach.html (49 words)

	Dr. Werner Schäfer: Current Classes: Communicative Language Teaching (Bibliography) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A short general introduction that does not make any particular demands on the reader’s knowledge of linguistics or language teaching is
		Henry Widdowson, “The teaching of English as communication”, in: English Language Teaching 1/1972: 15-19
		Two systematic surveys of language teaching methods, with a similarly organised chapter for each of the methods, are:
	www.uni-trier.de /~schaefew/clt-bib.htm (131 words)

	Some misconceptions about Communicative Language Teaching (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Abstract: This article sets out four of the main misconceptions and discusses why they have arisen and why they can be seen as misconceptions.
		In doing this, the article attempts to define some important characteristics of CLT as it is practised at present.
		1 Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching Cambridge: Cambr..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /116378.html (229 words)

	Center for Applied Linguistics: Resources
		Many online and/or downloadable products developed by the former ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics can be found here.
		CAL has compiled digests from the former ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics and briefs from CREDE and is making them available for easy reference and use in workshops and trainings.
		Either way, the digest series are a great way to add valuable information to your library of reference materials.
	www.cal.org /resources/update.html (106 words)

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