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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Communist League of America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Communist League of America (Left Opposition) was founded by James P. Cannon, Max Shachtman and Martin Abern in 1928 after their expulsion from the Communist Party USA for Trotskyism.
		The CLA (LO) was the United States section of Leon Trotsky's International Left Opposition and initially positioned itself as not a rival party to the CPUSA but as a faction of it and the Comintern.
		As the CPUSA and the Comintern became increasingly Stalinized the tactic of acting as an external faction of the Communist Party was replaced with plans to create the Fourth International as a new revolutionary international to replace the Third International and to replace the Communist Party with a new mass workers party.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Communist-League-of-America (460 words)

	THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
		The socialist and communist literature of France, a literature that originated under the pressure of a bourgeoisie in power, and that was the expressions of the struggle against this power, was introduced into Germany at a time when the bourgeoisie in that country had just begun its contest with feudal absolutism.
		The Communists fight for the attainment of the immediate aims, for the enforcement of the momentary interests of the working class; but in the movement of the present, they also represent and take care of the future of that movement.
		The Communist League, an international association of workers, which could of course be only a secret one, under conditions obtaining at the time, commissioned us, the undersigned, at the Congress held in London in November 1847, to write for publication a detailed theoretical and practical programme for the Party.
	www.anu.edu.au /polsci/marx/classics/manifesto.html (14158 words)

	Communist League of America - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Communist League of America (Left Opposition) was founded by James P. Cannon, Max Shachtman and Martin Abern in 1928 after their expulsion from the Communist Party USA for Trotskyism.
		The CLA (LO) was the United States section of Leon Trotsky's International Left Opposition and initially positioned itself as not a rival party to the CPUSA but as a faction of it and the Comintern.
		As the CPUSA and the Comintern became increasingly Stalinized the tactic of acting as an external faction of the Communist Party was replaced with plans to create the Fourth International as a new revolutionary international to replace the Third International and to replace the Communist Party with a new mass workers party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communist_League_of_America (306 words)

	Communist Party USA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) is one of several Marxist-Leninist groups in the United States.
		Part of the Communist Party of America under the leadership of Charles Ruthenberg and Jay Lovestone did this but a under the leadership of and continued to operate independently as the Communist Party of America.
		In line with other communist parties worldwide, the CPUSA also swung to the left and, as a result, experienced a brief period in which a number of internal critics argued for a more leftist stance than the leadership was willing to countenance.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Communist_Party_USA (5395 words)

	Socialist Workers Party (United States) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The CLA had been founded in 1928 by members of the Communist Party USA expelled for supporting Russian Communist leader Leon Trotsky against Josef Stalin.
		In 1934, the Communist League of America merged with the American Workers Party led by A.J. Muste, forming the Workers Party of America.
		In 1982, Barnes gave a speech which was later published as Their Trotsky and Ours: Communist continuity today in which Barnes rejected Trotsky's theory of Permanent Revolution arguing that it failed to sufficiently distinguish between the democratic and socialist tasks of a workers' revolution.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(USA) (3799 words)

	The Militant - 9/16/96 -- Fight Of Unemployed Helped Win Social Security
		The Communist League of America, 1932-34 by James P. Cannon is one of several books from Pathfinder Press that describe how socialist workers participated in these battles and put forward a program of uniting working people, employed and unemployed, in the fight for jobs and social security.
		Below are excerpts of a March 6, 1933, speech by Communist League leader Cannon to a conference on the fight for unemployment insurance and relief in New York City.
		The excerpts are from The Communist League of America, 1932-34, copyright 1985 by the Anchor Foundation, reprinted by permission.
	www.themilitant.com /1996/6032/6032_29.html (1049 words)

	CSAgov.org - F.A.Q. - Offical Confederate States of America Government Website
		The League of the South's effort to push for a “New Nation” is a conspiracy of diversion and misdirection deliberately being perpetrated in a treasonous way against the true and still existing Confederate States of America.
		However, they are losing members in the League rather than gaining and the so called “New Government” that they are directing and trying to set up has no history nor legal precedence for existence and we are not aware that they are bringing in “members” at an alarming rate.
		A: The attempt by the League of the South to set up a “New Government” might be considered a seditious action by the Federal Union of the United States or possibly a terrorist organization under the Patriot Act.
	anambo-tie.com /csagov.org/csafaq.htm (5269 words)

	Communist League of America - OpenWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Communist League of America was formed in 1928 by American communists who sympathized with the Left Opposition in the USSR.
		In 1934, the Communist League of America (CLA) was looking for subjectively revolutionary elements who were organizing outside the CPUSA that they could join forces with.
		The AWP and CLA merged in December of 1934 and formed the Workers Party of the United States.
	infoshop.org /wiki/index.php?title=Communist_League_of_America&... (169 words)

	Old American Red Groups
		Communist League of America: Formed in late 1928 by James P. Cannon, Max Shachtman, Martin Abern, and their supporters upon being expelled from the Communist Party USA for supporting Leon Trotsky's fight against the policies of new Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin.
		Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist): Founded in May 1971 in Texas from the fusion of several Maoist splinters from SDS — the Los Angeles Marxist-Leninist Collective, Georgia Communist League, and several other ethnic-based groups.
		Revolutionary Socialist League: Formed in 1973 as a split from the International Socialists (IS), the RSL opposed the "reformist" policies of the IS toward labor bureaucrats and the IS's rank-and-file caucuses.
	reds.linefeed.org /past.html (6069 words)

	[No title]
		In 1934, the CLA had decided that the time was ripe for the organization to undertake a turn to the class, meaning they had decided to branch out from purely propaganda work to actively intervene and lead workers in struggles against the bosses.
		CLA leaders were flown to Minneapolis, helping to coordinate the strike by setting up a daily strike paper called The Organizer.
		The CLA grew to one hundred members in Minneapolis, providing the basis for a vibrant revolutionary socialist organization that enjoyed influence in the workers' movement.
	www.etext.org /Politics/International.Socialists/teamsters.1934 (1415 words)

	Class Struggle, Volume 3 Number 5 - May 1933
		The Communist organizers were attempting to undermine at once the two solid pillars of profit of the industrial South, exploitation of cheap white and of cheaper colored labor.
		The Communist League of America (Opposition), on its part, will welcome the cooperation of the Communist League of Struggle in concrete activities and will facilitate the fusion of the two organizations after the actual possibilities of common work have been sufficiently tested in the period of collaboration between the organizations.
		It is agreed that the Communist League of Struggle shall be given the opportunity to bring its special point of view on the remaining differences before the membership of the Communist League of America (Opposition) in the forthcoming pre-conference discussion and at the national conference.
	www.weisbord.org /ThreeFive.htm (9356 words)

	foundations of a communist youth league
		The communist youth movement -Young Communist League or Spartacus Youth- is a broad organization of all the youth, young workers or students, who accept the principles and aims of the organization and are ready to participate in its work.
		Still, a genuine communist youth movement -not, it must be emphasized, the caricature of the ones the American YCL and YCI have been for so many year -is sufficiently broad- non-sectarian, to admit of all youth forces open to conviction.
		These were the concepts of the communist youth organization in the days of the leadership of Lenin and Trotsky; these were the views that in the best years of the Young Workers League of America gave it vigor, intelligence, activity and growth.
	www.geocities.com /youth4sa/abern.html (1568 words)

	The Militant - June 17, 2002 -- 'History of American Trotskyism' 60th anniversary edition issued in three languages
		That was the year the Workers (Communist) Party of America expelled veteran leaders and cadres who opposed the growing Stalinization of the party leadership.
		Cannon describes how Communist League members integrated themselves into the union battles and social struggles that from the early 1930s on signaled the first stirrings of resistance by working people to the economic and social catastrophe of the Great Depression and approaching imperialist war.
		He later served as executive secretary of the International Labor Defense in the United States, a nationwide organization that raised the proletarian banner of "an injury to one is an injury to all" and fought for the release of any class-war prisoner framed-up for militancy in the workers movement, regardless of their political affiliation.
	www.themilitant.com /2002/6624/662451.html (1079 words)

	Communist League
		The League of the Just, established in the 1836 from the earlier League of the Outlaws, was an early German workers' organisation.
		The League was not able to function effectively during the 1848 revolution, despite temporarily abandoning its clandestine nature.
		The Communist League reassembled in late 1849, and by 1850 were publishing the Neue Rheinische Zeitung journal, but by the end of the year, publication had ceased amid disputes between the leading members of the group.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/co/communist_league.html (274 words)

	"Forward-March!" a photographic memorial of World War I
		United Farmers' League, spreads revolutionary aims of Communists among the farmers by sending agitators into drought areas where conditions of suffering, distress and hunger are the worst.
		All-American anti-Imperialist League, not a Communist group but used by them for the purpose of spreading vicious propaganda in Mexico and in South American countries against the United States.
		In addition to the regular Communist Party of America, there are many other communist organizations, the majority of whose leaders were expelled from the regular Party because of their devotion to Lenin rather than to Stalin.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/topic/preservation/dav2a/pg472.htm (1159 words)

	\| Reviews / Comptes Rendus \| Labour/Le Travail, 52 \| The History Cooperative
		For the historic Left Opposition was born in the factional formations within the Soviet Union and the Communist International that chose to consciously resist the programmatic degenerations of Stalinism.
		Cannon, whose supporters included many of the old guard trade-union stalwarts of American Trotskyism, argued that the Soviet Union, for all of its degenerations, remained a workers' state and thus had to be defended unconditionally against imperialist aggression.
		Because there were no clear-cut programmatic issues involved in the ongoing differences in the CLA, this final "settlement" was necessary and laid the basis for six years of collaboration between Shachtman and Cannon.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/llt/52/br_21.html (1754 words)

	Ted_Grant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Born Isaac Blank in Germiston, South Africa, he was introduced to Trotskyism by a lodger at his parent's house, and by the Militant publication of the Communist League of America.
		He formed a new, small tendency in the Labour Party, called the Revolutionary Socialist League which in 1957 was recognised at the official British section of the Fourth International.
		The group at first grew only very slowly, but by 1983, when it was known as the Militant Tendency, it was a significant force in British politics, and Grant was expelled from the Labour Party.
	www.usedaudiparts.com /search.php?title=Ted_Grant (617 words)

	Amazon.com: Dog Days: James P. Cannon Vs. Max Shachtman in the Communist League of America, 1931-1933: Books: Max ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This book documents the struggle of the Communist League of America (hereafter, CLA), an offshoot of the American Communist Party, expelled in 1928 for supporting the Leon Trotsky-led Russian Left Opposition in its fight in the Russian Communist Party and the Communist International against the growing Stalinist degeneration of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
		The editors trace their political lineage back to Cannon's leadership of the early Communist Party and later after his expulsion to the Trotskyist Communist League of America and then through a series of regroupments, splits and entries into other socialist formations to the creation of the Socialist Workers Party in 1938.
		The CLA was the North American section of the International Left Opposition, which was founded a few months after Russian revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky had been forced into exile from the USSR.
	www.amazon.com /Dog-Days-Shachtman-Communist-1931-1933/dp/096338287X (1916 words)

	Morris Lewit
		When the Young Workers League was organized [in 1922], we had the club join the Young Workers League.” This was the Communist Party youth organization, two of whose key leaders were Max Shachtman and Martin Abern (who several years later would, with James P. Cannon, establish the Trotskyist movement).
		Communist Party resources and membership (about 20,000), were far more imposing than those of the 200-member Communist League of America.
		When the small group of pioneer Trotskyists was expelled from the Communist Party in 1928 and formed the CLA (Opposition) its primary preoccupation was the recruitment and training of Trotskyist cadres out of the CP.
	www.laborstandard.org /Vol1No3/MorrisLewit.htm (7416 words)

	An Outline History of a Chameleon Party : Melbourne Indymedia
		It goes back to the history of the American Communist Party, as it was then known, and James P. Cannon was a Trotskyist follower in it.
		Among the architects of these policies were renegades from the then Communist Party of Australia (which had by the 1980s been taken over by a combination of ‘Eurocommunists’ and ‘Trotskyists’), some right opportunists who had joined but were later expelled from the Socialist Party of Australia and some leading trade union personalities.
		With the Communist Party of Australia well on the road to liquidation, many ‘leftists’ including the leadership of the Socialist Workers’ Party began discussions with the aim of establishing a ‘broad based’ new left party.
	melbourne.indymedia.org /print.php?id=63030 (1522 words)

	Socialist Workers Party (USA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The socialist Workers Party was founded in 1938 by the Trotskyists of the former Communist League of America after its members had been expelled from the Socialist Party of America.
		Nonetheless both the RT and the Reorganised Minority Tendency were expelled to form the Spartacist (see Spartacist League), and the American Committee for the Fourth International (see Socialist Equality Party), respectively with the latter becoming aligned with Healy's SLL.
		In 1982, Barnes gave a speech which was later published as Their Trotsky and Ours: Communist continuity today in which Barnes rejected Trotsky's theory of Permanent Revolution arguing that it had been disproven by the process of the revolution in Cuba.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Socialist-Workers-Party-(USA).htm (2854 words)

	The Militant - March 27, 2000 -- Book tells of early years of communist movement in U.S.
		Cannon was born in Rosedale, Kansas, in 1890 and joined the Socialist Party at the age of eighteen.
		He was a member of the presidium of the executive committee of the Communist International in Moscow and then a delegate to the Fourth Congress of the Communist International during the seven months he was in Soviet Russia from June 1922 to January 1923.
		Cannon was a founding leader in 1928 of the Communist League of America, which evolved into the Socialist Workers Party in 1938.
	www.themilitant.com /2000/6412/641266.html (693 words)

	The Albert & Vera Weisbord Archives
		In 1921 he was elected National Secretary of the Young Peoples Socialist League and later a member of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party.
		In 1930 Albert and Vera separated from the Communist party and were briefly associated with The Left Opposition that was led by James P. Cannon and Max Shachtman (Communist League of America).
		In 1931 "The Communist League of Struggle" was formed with its official organ "Class Struggle".
	www.weisbord.org (620 words)

	SWP Gift of Pamphlets: Indiana State University Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		They describe activities of the Industrial Workers of the World; the debates and split within the Socialist Party through World War I; the founding of the Communist Party in 1919 and its subsequent Stalinist degeneration; the launching of the Communist League of America in 1929 and its successors, including the Socialist Workers Party in 1938.
		Some of them were published by the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, which campaigned throughout North America in the early 1960s to get the truth out about the workers and peasants revolution and to defend it from the U.S. government's military attacks.
		The principal impetus was provided by Carl Skoglund, an immigrant worker from Sweden, who was a founding member of the Communist Party in 1919, of the Communist League of America in 1929, and of the Socialist Workers Party in 1938.
	odin.indstate.edu /level1.dir/cml/rbsc/debs/swp.html (6777 words)

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