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Topic: Communist Party of Italy

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	Communist Party of Greece - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Communist Party of Greece (Greek: Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Kommunistiko Komma Elladas), better known by its acronym ΚΚΕ (usually pronounced "koo-koo-eh"), is the communist party in Greece.
		The party was founded on 4 November 1918 as the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (Acronym: SEKE, Greek: Σοσιαλιστικό Εργατικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας, Sosialistiko Ergatiko Komma Elladas) by Avraam Benaroya, a Greek Jewish teacher and leading labor movement leader in Thessaloniki.
		At the Third Extraordinary Congress of the SEKE-K in November 1924, the party was renamed the Communist Party of Greece and adopted the principles of Marxism-Leninism.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/KKE (1786 words)

	Fundamental Theses of the Party \| libcom.org
		While insisting on the central role of the party both in the preparation for the revolution and in the exercise of the dictatorship, it emphasises the necessity of wide-based organisations intermediary between the party and the class, grouping together proletarians struggling on the level of economic (trade union type) demands.
		The party considers its press as the principal activity in the present phase, since it is one of the most effective means permitted by the real situation for indicating the correct political line for the masses to follow, and for an organic and more extensive propagation of the principles of the revolutionary movement.
		The party is not a direct descendent of the Abstentionist (Left-Wing) Faction of the Italian Socialist Party, although this tendency played a large role in the movement that culminated in the formation of the Communist Party of Italy at Livorno in 1921.
	libcom.org /library/fundamental-theses-of-the-party-bordiga (10249 words)

	Fundamental Theses of the Party by Amadeo Bordiga 1951
		At the Lyons Congress of the Communist Party of Italy in 1926, shortly before the Communist International adopted the theory of “socialism in one country”, the Left presented a draft theses (The Lyons Theses) which predictably was rejected by the largely Stalinised party.
		With the support given by the official “communist” parties to the imperialist war and with their participation in bourgeois governments of national reconstruction after the war, it became clear that these parties had definitively and irretrievably sunk into social-chauvinism, the defence and respect of bourgeois democracy, and the most barefaced class collaboration.
		The party’s doctrine is based on the principles of historical materialism and critical communism expounded by Marx and Engels in the Manifesto of the Communist Party, in Capital, and in their other fundamental works.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bordiga/works/1951/fundamental-theses.htm (10281 words)

	Italy's prime minister discusses European partnerships - MIT News Office
		Massimo D'Alema, Prime Minister of Italy and leader of the Democratici di Sinistra (PDS), formerly the Communist Party of Italy, discussed the status of the new European euro, the necessity of international financial and social policy reform, and the future of Europe as a "security provider" rather than a "security consumer" at MIT last week.
		Professor Modigliani reminded the audience that the Italian Communist Party has "always been apart, not a servant of the Russian Communist Party." He also gave a swift history of the party ("the Communist Party became the Democratic Party of the left, which became the Democrats of the left").
		Italy is moving towards becoming a security provider, its troops stationed around Pale and Sarajevo numbering second only to US troops there, he noted.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/1999/italy-0310.html (1110 words)

	Draft theses for the 3rd Congress of the Communist Party of Italy presented by the Left (Lyons, 1926) \| libcom.org
		Consequently, the communist party rejects and condemns the doctrines of the dominant class, which range from spiritualistic and religious theories -- idealist in philosophy and reactionary in politics -- to those which are positivist and of a free-thinking Voltairian variety -- and anti-clerical and democratic in the realm of politics.
		Marx and Lenin's conception of the party stands in sharp contrast to the typically opportunist conception of the labourist or workerist party to whom all those individuals who are proletarian in terms of their social condition are admitted by right.
		This means denouncing the perils of abandoning ourselves to partial accomplishments as though they were points of arrival, and the danger of bartering these for the conditions of class activity and combativity of the proletariat which are the autonomy and independence of its ideology and its organisations, most important of which is the party.
	libcom.org /library/draft3rd_bordiga (13139 words)

	[No title]
		Naturally, therefore, intense discussions took place in the communist Party of Italy against the background of which the new force of fascism was growing.
		Gramsci in his political notes and the world communist movement in it various documents combatted the open terrorist dictatorship of the most reactionary sections of the bourgeoisie by the broad alliance of the democratic and national revolutionary movements headed by the working class on the basis of worker- peasant alliance.
		The leaders of the Communist International had pointed out that the state power exercised by the fascist forces is not based purely on naked force but also on the capacity of the fascist rulers to sway the masses to their side.
	www.cpim.org /marxist/1995_03_marxist_gramsci_ems.doc (5250 words)

	Communist Party of Britain - for peace and socialism
		The Young Communist League is the youth wing of the Communist Party of Britain and member of the World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY).
		Moldova - Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova
		Britain's communists are proposing a left wing programme for consideration by the labour and progressive movements.
	www.communist-party.org.uk /index.php?file=links (445 words)

	[No title]
		The Democratic Party of the Left (DPL) and the Communist Refoundation Party of Italy (Refondazione comunista, CRP) are the descendants of the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI).
		In the mid-1920s the party was outlawed by the Fascist regime.
		Tedesco viewed her party membership as a way to give expression to the Catholic morality in which she was raised.
	www.angelfire.com /md/TobyTerrar/Italy.html (1873 words)

	Party of Italian Communists - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was founded in 1998 as a split from the Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) by Armando Cossutta, the original leader of the PRC.
		The main reason for the split was the unwillingness of a part of the Communist Refoundation Party to participate in the operation that toppled the government of Romano Prodi.
		The issue was hotly debated in the party, and in the end a few votes, coming from the trotskyist faction, finally decided.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Party_of_Italian_Communists (341 words)

	Italy's Communist Party appears to win elections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		ROME -- Italy's former Communists and their centrist allies were projected as the winners of Sunday's parliamentary elections, putting them in line to govern the country for the first time if the trend held.
		The coalition is dominated by the Democratic Party of the Left, which has grown more moderate since dropping Marxist rhetoric in its transformation from the Communist Party.
		A center-left victory "is something we've been waiting for for 40 years,"said Luigi Berlinguer, leader of the Democratic Party of the Left in the Chamber of Deputies.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/96/04/22/italy.html (356 words)

	BBC News \| Europe \| Italy's endless search for stable government
		This latter party was formed out of the wreckage of the old Christian Democrat party which dominated Italian politics from the end of WWII until its own break-up in the early 1990s amid corruption scandals.
		He compared his coalition of former communists, centrists, leftists and greens with Tony Blair's Labour Party; his avowed aim was to have a five-year unbroken period of stable government.
		However the government was always dependent on support from hardline communists for a majority in the lower house, and this finally proved his downfall when he presented an austerity budget.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/195539.stm (486 words)

	CNN - Italy's Prodi reinstalled as premier - October 14, 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		ROME (CNN) -- Five days after bringing down the government, Italy's Communists agreed Tuesday to reverse their opposition of Prime Minister Romano Prodi and his 1998 budget in exchange for some political concessions.
		He had sought the cuts so that Italy would qualify to join the European Union's single currency when it is launched in 1999.
		Communist leader Fausto Bertinotti struck the deal after reaching a compromise to introduce a new law aimed at reducing the work week.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/9710/14/italy.prodi (306 words)

	The Arditi del Popolo in Italy the first anti-fascist organization (1921-22)
		The PSI (minus its 3rd Internationalist Fraction) was the principal workers' party.
		The Executive Committee of the Communist Party of Italy (PCd'I, precursor to the PCI) decided that the AdP was based on a partial and therefore backward objective (i.e.
		These other parties preferred to organise self-defence along party lines and frequently distancing themselves equally from the "reactionary" forces of fascists, nationalists and liberal-conservaties and the "anti-national" forces of anarchists, communists and socialists.
	anarchism.ws /history/italy/ArditidelPopolo.html (1232 words)

	CNN Cold War - Interview: F. Mark Wyatt
		The communist party of Italy was funded, in the first place, by fl bags of money directly out of the Soviet compound in Rome; and the Italian services were aware of this.
		And you had firms in Italy that were not really pro-communist but they were forced, in order to get the deal, to listen to what Moscow said: "This is the way you get the contract." And so money really flowed into Italy.
		We had the intelligence that the situation was perilous, and that the communist party could well win the elections in April of 1948.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/03/interviews/wyatt (2204 words)

	Socialism Today - Bertinotti, reformism & the struggle for socialism
		THE PARTY OF Communist Refoundation (Rifondazione Comunista — RC) was born more than a decade ago out of a split from the old Communist Party of Italy, now known as ‘Democrats of the Left’ (DS).
		The way the party develops is of importance for the future — in Italy and elsewhere — given the tumultuous period of class struggle ahead.
		Now, within the party, sections of the active membership are critical of the turn taken by Bertinotti in seeking programmatic agreement with the ‘Olive Tree’ alliance in preparation for the next elections.
	www.socialismtoday.org /78/italy.html (3346 words)

	The unitary and invariant Body or Party Theses
		Theses on the Role of the Communist Party in the Proletarian Revolution.
		Report of Communist Party of Italy on Party Tactics and the Question of the United Front.
		Communist Party of Italy - Report on Fascism.
	perso.orange.fr /italian.left/BasicTexts/English/Theses.htm (382 words)

	H-Net Review: Jaro Stacul on Politics and Symbols: The Italian Communist Party and the Fall ...
		Its aim is to demonstrate that most of the Party's activities in the public arena "consisted in the manipulation of symbols in ritual contexts, helping to identify the party in the public mind with certain images" (p.
		The main issue was the necessity to maintain communist identity, while at the same time, communist symbolism was not as powerful as during the Cold War, especially after the collapse of the Berlin Wall.
		Although the author stresses the relevance of perceptions and emotions, in fact he seems to assume that the values of the party elites are shared by the party followers, and does little to illuminate the question of why, if at all, communism is still a compelling formulation of selfhood.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=28472884981697 (1305 words)

	The Catholic-Communist Dialogue in Italy — www.greenwood.com
		Description: This book analyzes the dialogue--the partial reciprocal recognition of the legitimacy of both institutions--between the Catholic church and the Communist Party in Italy from the end of World War II to the present.
		She then addresses the views and influence of Antonio Gramsci, the dialogue as expressed in church and party documents, and the specific attempts of the Catholic church and the Communist Party to conduct a dialogue while maintaining an acceptable degree of cultural and political influence.
		Giammanco concludes that the dialogue is not only a symptom of disintegrating tendencies in the cultural hegemony of both the party and the church, but that it has actually acted to hasten that disintegration.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/C3205.aspx?print=1 (244 words)

	Political Affairs Magazine - Middle East Report to the Communist Refoundation Party of Italy
		A military mission is not enough to resolve the problems of Middle East; it is necessary to deploy a political strategy, involving the peace movement, that can influence governments and parliaments.
		Italy has already proclaimed that the protection of civilians is vitally necessary and has called for the deployment of the blue helmets along the 1967 borders.
		A peace conference should be convened on the basis of the proposals of the Beirut Conference and the Arab League.
	politicalaffairs.net /article/articleview/4172/1/213 (805 words)

	Green Left - ITALY: Communist Party debates way forward
		The “orthodox communists” within the majority concentrated their fire on the most questionable parts of the majority position, the supposed obsolescence of Lenin's view of imperialism, the alleged downgrading of the working class's centrality and its abandonment of the concept of winning hegemony among the masses.
		Other oft-repeated themes were the need for the PRC to learn from the Young Communists, for the party to institute serious training and education programs, as well as solidarity with Palestine, Cuba, the people of the Sahara and Kurdistan.
		The majority came together again in the vote of the document summarising the results of the congress and tasks of the party, which was adopted by 87% to the minority document's 13%.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2002/490/490p18.htm (1762 words)

	CIN Europe: ComInterNet Listing of World Communist & Workers Parties
		Communist Party of Belgium (Kommunistische Partij-Vlaanderen (KP) [the Flemish (dutch speaking) Communist Party])
		Free Communist Party of the Netherlands (VCP) (Vrije Communistische Partij Nederland)
		Norges Kommunistiske Parti (NKP) (Communist Party of Norway)
	www.angelfire.com /la/cominternet/cineurope.html (435 words)

	Green Left - ITALY: Communist Party adopts radical left turn
		However, at Rimini the PRC voted to “refound” itself once again, this time as an explicitly anti-Stalinist party which “builds social conflict” and “acts politically for the construction of an alternative left on the social, cultural and political levels”.
		Congress delegates were faced with two documents, a majority position which had won the support of 87.3% of party members in pre-congress voting and a minority position, led by Marco Ferrando (dubbed “the Trotskyist opposition” by the media), which had won 12.7% support.
		Invoking the great Italian revolutionary communist — and exponent of the concept of hegemony Antonio Gramsci, Bertinotti was blunt: “Today the stress has to go on renewal and the opening of the party towards the movement, towards society.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2002/489/489p16.htm (1488 words)

	Links of ComParties
		Communist Party in Denmark (Kommunistisk Parti i Danmark (KPiD)
		Marxist-Leninist Communist Party of Greece (Marxistiko-Leninistiko Kommounistiko Komma Elladas, M-L KKE)
		Communist Party of Sudan (Al-Hizb al-Shuyu'i al-Sudani, HSS)
	www.komunisti-hrvatske.com /linkovi.htm (690 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Danger: Eurocommunism -- Jun. 20, 1977 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Communist Party of Italy, which gained 34% of the vote in national elections a year ago, now holds a virtual veto over government programs in parliament.
		In France, another Communist party and its strong Socialist ally could well win a majority in next March's parliamentary elections.
		In Portugal and Spain, the Communists are fighting to increase their influence.
	www.time.com /time/archive/printout/0,23657,915038,00.html (145 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: COMINFORM COMMUNIQUÉ: Resolution of the Information Bureau Concerning the Communist Party ...
		In home policy, the leaders of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia are departing from the positions of the working class and are breaking with the Marxist theory of classes and class struggle.
		Concerning the leading role of the working class, the leaders of the Yugoslav Communist Party, bv affirming that the peasantry is the 'most stable foundation of the Yugoslav state' are departing from the Marxist-LenI.
		Should the present leaders of the Yugoslav Communist Party prove incapable of doing this, their job is to replace them and to advance a new internationalist leadership of the Party.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1948cominform-yugo1.html (955 words)

	Italy / Communist Party Compromise (CBS) from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive
		Italy / Communist Party Compromise (CBS) from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive
		(Studio) Italian Communist party leader Enrico Berlinguer's statements on his party's willingness to accept more influence over national policies, instead of insisting on cabinet seats, reported.
		The Library of Congress, the National Science Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities, provide support to the work of the Archive.
	openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu /1978-2/1978-02-07-CBS-7.html (256 words)

	Italian Communist Party Proposes Gay 'Marriage'
		ROME, February 17, 2005 (LifeSiteNews.com) — Italy’s Communist Party proposed the legalization of same-sex “marriage” as part of party policy for the country’s opposition Union coalition, comprised of Communist, Margherita, Udeur and other liberal parties.
		Party secretary Oliviero Diliberto, along with fellow Communist Katia Belillo, made the announcement at negotiations to establish the opposition Union’s platform before impending elections set for later this year.
		Despite opposition leader Romano Prodi’s already-voiced disagreement with the proposal, Diliberto feels the Union must move further left.
	www.lifesite.net /ldn/2005/feb/05021707.html (320 words)

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