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Topic: Communist Party of Malaya

	Malaya: Revolution and its Abandonment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Party declared its adherence to Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought and proclaimed that it was "the vanguard of the proletariat and the highest body of the organised proletariat" as well as the "nucleus" that "leads the Malayan revolution" against "imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism" (The New Constitution of the CPM, May 1972).
		For the communist movement in south-east Asia this is even surer given the proximity of China and the close support and internationalism extended to the communist parties in the south-east Asian countries materially, as well as morally and politically.
		The communist parties in south-east Asia in general and Malaysia in particular are among the parties that failed to grasp this vital point.
	www.awtw.org /current_issues/malaya.htm (6466 words)

	Malayan Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), also known as the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) until the 1960s was founded in Singapore in 1930 with a predominantly Chinese membership, carrying out armed resistance to the Japanese during World War II.
		It was often heavily criticised for their attacks on the civilian population during the Malayan Emergency, and they were criticised by right-wing parties in Southeast Asia because they had sympathies to the communist ideology.
		The party was officially disbanded and gave up arms following its peace treaty with the governments of Malaysia and Thailand, signed on December 2nd 1989 at the Thai town of Haadyai.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya (330 words)

	yax-593 The last communist in the cinema
		It was also a period when the Chinese community in Malaya still identified with the Chinese motherland, such that when the Japanese invaded China in 1931, a sense of outrage took hold among the Malayan Chinese.
		In China itself, the resistance to the Japanese was split between the Kuomintang and the Communists, a divide that was reflected among the Malayan Chinese.
		Malaya gained independence from Britain in 1957, and as time passed and economic growth doused the hunger for revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist order, the CPM fighters camped just across the border became an irrelevance.
	www.yawningbread.org /arch_2006/yax-593.htm (2029 words)

	Socialism Today - End of Empire
		CHIN PENG was the leader of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) which played an important role in two guerrilla struggles: in the second world war, and in the post-war twelve-year ‘emergency’, in reality, a war against British colonial rule in Malaya (now Malaysia).
		The CPM would have had to put itself at the head of an uprising of the working class in the cities, supplemented by a peasant uprising in the rural areas, uniting Chinese, Malays and Indians on class lines, with the goal of an independent socialist Malaya, linked to similar struggles throughout the region.
		The CPM was drawn in to defend villages from attacks by Malays, resulting in substantial deaths of Malays, not disguised by Chin Peng.
	www.socialismtoday.org /91/malaya.html (3016 words)

	Decolonisation of Malaysia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The federation of Malaya was launched in 1948, which consisted of all the nine Malay states of the Peninsula, along with Melaka and Penang united under a federal government in Kuala Lumpur headed by British High Commissioner.
		Therefore the proposal for Malaya to further progressed and prospered as a federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei made in May 27, 1961 was initially to defend the neighbouring “Unfinished Revolution” invasion[10].
		Malaya was a land full of nature resource such as tin, timber, and iron ore; and apt for growing plantation of rubber and oil palm.
	uk.geocities.com /tafk2/sneeze/decolonisation_of_malaysia.htm (5155 words)

	Asia Times: Ex-communist fighters adjust to a life with cash
		Today, the more than 100 former jungle fighters of the Communist Party of Malaya are building a society able to cope with the cash economy - but with large doses of a communal lifestyle as well.
		This experience was shared by other former members of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), which in the forties had fought Japanese occupiers, and later turned its ire on British colonizers.
		''We joined the communist party because we thought we needed to build a new society where justice counts,'' says Foong Tuck Woh, who left home in the Malaysian capital Kuala Lumpur and went to the jungles at the age of 17.
	www.atimes.com /se-asia/AK03Ae02.html (933 words)

	Vol 8. No. 7, July 2000 - Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The CPB, which was recognized as a "fraternal communist party" by the Chinese, dealt with the infamous intelligence chief Kang Sheng and his International Liaison Department (ILD) of the Communist Party of China.
		The Communist Party of Malaya’s Suara Revolusi Malaya ("Voice of the Malayan Revolution") broadcast from Hengyang south of Changsha in Hunan province.
		The CPB —unlike other communist parties in the region—made the crucial mistake of speaking out loudly in favor of the hardliners: "The revisionist clique [with which Deng was linked] headed by Liu Shaoqi has been defeated," the CPB stated in a congratulatory message on the fifty-fifth anniversary of the CPC in June 1976.
	www.irrawaddy.org /database/2000/vol8.7/article.html (2222 words)

	Malaya; Communist Terrorists (CTs) in Malaya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Once the error of this strategy was realised the MRLA adopted the traditional guerrilla approach of isolated ambushes, assassination of key figures, and the carrot-and- stick policy of intimidation and aid to the local population.
		On the organisational side, units were correspondingly reduced in size, typically to raiding parties of less than a dozen men, although the base camps remained skilfully hidden in the Malay jungle.
		That the MRLA did not succeed was mainly due to the generally intelligent counter-measures adopted by the government forces in preventing the guerrillas from subverting the loyalty of both the urban and rural populations.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-enemy/malaya.htm (663 words)

	Foreign Correspondents' Club Hong Kong - The Correspondent - Oct-Nov 03
		As a teenager he was the liaison between the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) and the British special operations forces fighting the Japanese occupation.
		But the CPM was always uncomfortable with the Malay majority, not to mention its aristocratic leadership.
		The CPM opposed Britain’s plan for a Malayan Union partly on grounds that it was “too restrictive” to Chinese.
	www.fcchk.org /correspondent/corro-oct-nov03/chinpeng.htm (857 words)

	Asia Times -
		Now 79, all the former leader of the Communist Party of Malaysia wants to do is to return home from exile in southern Thailand, pay his last respects at his parents' graves and die in peace.
		The revealing memoir is a best-seller and answers key questions about the insurrection that police and historians have long wondered about, such as the extent of support from communist China, internal dissension that led to liquidation of hundreds of communist cadres, and the effects of police infiltration.
		The opposition National Justice Party of Anwar Ibrahim and the Democratic Action Party have urged the government to allow Chin Peng to return, saying he too fought for the country's independence and it is time for reconciliation.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Southeast_Asia/EJ11Ae07.html (1167 words)

	Psychological Warfare of the Malayan Emergency
		The Communists were fairly successful in their campaign of terror, killing a total of 400 civilians and torturing many others during the first year of the uprising.
		He stated that the aim of the campaign in Malaya was to destroy Communist morale, to induce the terrorist to surrender, and in surrendering, to spread defection amongst his fellows.
		If any member of the Malayan Communist Party is able to leave the jungle and bring out a Bren gun, or able to lead the Peace Keeping Forces to unearth a hidden Bren gun that he or she knows about, he will be eligible for a $1000 reward.
	www.psywar.org /malaya.php (15632 words)

	Singapore: A historical background
		Whereas the CPM, which had been trapped in Maoist and Stalinist opportunist ideas, used the idea of a popular front (association with liberal or progressive bourgeois organisations or individuals) and the two stages theory (struggle for democratic rights first, and after accomplishing this, then struggle for the socialist transformation) to manoeuvre in Singaporean politics.
		Chin Peng, the leader of the CPM in his autobiography (Alias Chin Peng) said about Lee’s astounding electoral victory in May, 1959: “I can certainly say that most of the island’s workers sympathised with the left-wing trade unions, and members of these unions well appreciated they were under the control of the CPM.
		The socialist rhetoric that the Labour Party leaders propagated at that time was little different from what the PAP and Lee Kuan Yew used opportunistically for their own political gain in the 1950s.
	www.socialistworld.net /eng/2006/06/26singapore.html (2189 words)

	Review: ‘My Side of History’ by Chin Peng
		Between 4,000-5,000 CPM fighters lost their lives in the struggle against British imperialism, while some 200 members of the party were hanged by the British.
		However, because of the temporising of the CPM leadership, the British were able to begin to reconsolidate their rule with the establishment of a “temporary form of government” for the Malaya-Singapore region, to be known as the British Military Administration (BMA).
		This is an indication of the lack of democracy within the CPM, just as the execution of MK guerrillas in exile in the camps of the South African ANC indicated a similar disease of Stalinism (the source of ongoing discontent with the South African Communist Party to this day).
	www.socialistworld.net /eng/2005/02/04malay.html (5518 words)

	Former Singapore communist leader dies in Thailand: report
		Fang died Friday in the southern Thai city of Hat Yai at a hospital to which he was admitted in December, the report said.
		He was the Singapore leader of the now defunct Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) in the 1950s and 1960s and was at the time wanted by the former British colonial rulers of the city state for distributing propaganda.
		He re-emerged in 1989 when the CPM signed a peace agreement with the Thai and Malaysian governments to lay down their arms.
	www.singapore-window.org /sw04/040208af.htm (160 words)

	Commanding Heights : Malaysia \| on PBS
		1945-1947: Malaya is liberated from Japanese occupation in 1945.
		1948-1949: The Federation of Malaya is established in 1948 as a concession to UMNO demands and includes all of Malaya except Singapore.
		1957-1962: At independence, with Malaya roughly 53 percent Malay, 36 percent Chinese, and 11 percent Indian, Malay is chosen as the official language.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/my/my_full.html (3731 words)

	Historical
		Upon the defeat of the Japanese the MPAJA was disbanded and members were paid a small gratuity,arms were supposed to be handed in but not all were.Thereafter the aim of the Communist Party of Malaya was to gain control of the Malayan Govt.
		The CPM decided to attempt to attain their aims by armed insurrection and formed the Malayan Peoples Anti British Army with some three thousand members,again mainly Chinese although there were some Malay and Indian recruits.
		Those who show that they genuinely intend to be loyal to the Government of Malaya and to give up their communist activities will be helped to regain their normal position in society and be reunited with their families.
	members.tripod.com /Askari_MB/id4.htm (972 words)

	Malaysia: The Internal Security Act. - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Starting with those accused of being communists, it soon was used against students, academics, Shi’a Muslims, human rights activists, journalists, religious clerics, trade unionists, political opponents, civil society leaders, and those accused of being ‘terrorists’.
		Amnesty International recognizes the duty of states to protect their populations from threats to national security; however such measures, including security legislation, should be implemented within a framework of protection for all human rights, not at their expense.
		In 1948 the British colonial authorities enacted a State of Emergency in the British colony of Malaya as a response to the perceived threat by the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) and their armed guerrilla force.
	web.amnesty.org /library/Index/ENGASA280062003 (1317 words)

	A Short History of Singapore from 1819 to 1965 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the 12 years, the British used a variety of methods to rid Malaya of the "communist menace".
		The ruling party in Singapore did not wish to extend the Special Priviledges that Malays on the peninsula had.
		The ruling party in Singapore also took part in the 1964 Federal Elections, which Malaysia's Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman, took to be a violation of an earlier promise.
	www.homepagez.com /candylimlt/a_short_history_of_singapore_fro.htm (752 words)

	Singapore: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The name Malaya included both Singapore and the Malay peninsula; the separation of the latter was always questioned by the Left.
		In January 1946, the Singapore Labor Union declared a general strike and in 1948 the Communist Party led an anti-colonial uprising which failed, as it failed to gain the support of the Malays and the poorer sectors of the Indian population.
		Marxist parties were outlawed and had to move into the forests, where they resorted to guerrilla warfare.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=145 (1569 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		Chin Peng, son of Chinese immigrants, collaborated with the British to resist the Japanese occupation of Malaya and was even decorated for it with the Order of the British Empire (OBE).
		Amir himself described the movie as a ''semi-musical documentary road movie inspired by the places and events in the early life of Chin Peng'', the secretary-general of the outlawed Communist Party of Malaya.
		In Singapore, the monolithic People's Action Party (PAP) government of then prime minister Lee Kuan Yew locked up leaders of the main opposition party, the Barisan Sosialis, in the early 1960s, on the grounds that it had links with Chin Peng's movement.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=33202 (1060 words)

	Asean News Network: Internal Security Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, Chia refused as he felt that signing this document would imply that he was affiliated with the CPM and had intention to cause instability in Singapore.
		The Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), also known as the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) until the 1960s was founded in Singapore in 1930 with a predominantly Chinese membership, the party carried out armed resistance to the Japanese during World War II.
		In the late 1980s, an estimated 500 guerrillas and the party leadership maintained themselves in the jungles of the Malaysian-Thai border.
	www.aseannewsnetwork.com /2004/02/internal-security-act.html (813 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Singapore / Glossary
		Often referred to as the British Commonwealth, the Commonwealth is formally an association of forty-nine sovereign, independent states that acknowledge the British monarch as symbolic head of the association.
		Founded in Moscow in 1919 to coordinate the world communist movement, the Comintern was officially disbanded in 1943.
		In the late 1980s, an estimated 500 guerrillas and the party leadership maintained themselves in the jungles of the Malaysian-Thai frontier.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/singapore/sg_glos.html (1171 words)

	Reconstructing M’sia's WWII history (Part 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Meanwhile, some of the 165 leaders and members of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) trained in Singapore's 101 Special Training School (101 STS) by Britain's Oriental Mission of the Special Operation Executive (SOE) infiltrated back into Peninsular Malaysia and began the underground war of resistance.
		The contributions and sacrifices of the CPM and MPAJA have been either purposely ignored or simply distorted to a great proportion in attempts to deprive them of the credits for their effort and importance in the war of resistance.
		In short, it is to restore justice to that segment of history and thereby reinstall the honour of the CPM and the MPAJA in their struggle against the Japanese invaders and thus also their contribution to the freedom of Malaya and the overall effort in defending the world during WWII.
	www.malaysiakini.com /opinionsfeatures/28806 (970 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Malaysia bars communist leader
		Chin Peng, the secretary general of the Communist Party of Malaya, expressed a wish in his recently published memoirs to be able to visit the grave of his parents.
		He also expresses regret for many of the killings carried out by his communist guerrillas and says he would like to be able to debate Malaysia's future with its young people.
		The government and the communists finally signed a peace treaty in 1989.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/3148044.stm (414 words)

	Khalil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Let us ask the survivors of that era what they feel about the idea; the widows, the children, the relatives and the friends of all the soldiers, policemen and civilians who were the casualties of the communist insurgency.
		Is his silence not a sign of tacit approval for all the atrocities committed under the flag of the Communist Party of Malaya?
		Some people might say that Chin Peng should be tried for the crimes perpetrated by the Communist Party during his tenure as Secretary General of the Communist Party of Malaya.
	www.danchan.com /weblog/khalilur/76138 (1011 words)

	A WORLD TOWIN 31/2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) has declared that the People's War it has been leading since 1996 has entered the stage of the strategic offensive, when the balance of power in the country has shifted decisively against the old regime and the revolutionary forces are moving towards the country-wide seizure of power.
		S.R. examines the history of the Communist Party of Malaya in the course of reviewing a book by the party's former leader.
		The inability of the party to firmly grasp Marxism-Leninism-Maoism led it to defeat and liquidation.
	www.awtw.org /current_issues/index.htm (231 words)

	MALAYSIA, Landmine Monitor Report 2000
		Government officials state that there has been no use of antipersonnel mines since the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM) and the government concluded negotiations in December 1989.
		But this can also be “quite catchy,” dealing with the rights of one party and the freedom of the other party, especially in passage through international sea lanes like the Straits of Malacca.
		[27] See, especially, paragraphs 2.4 and 2.5 of the Administrative Arrangement between the Government of Malaysia and the Communist Party of Malaya Pursuant to the Agreement to Terminate Hostilities, signed on 2 December 1989 in Haadyai, Thailand, which is Appendix “G” of Kitti, The Communist Party of Malaya, pp.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2000/malaysia.html (1863 words)

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