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Topic: Communist Party of Romania

	Romanian Communist Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The party was founded in 1921 when the Bolshevik-inspired faction won control of Romania's Social-Democratic party - the Socialist Party of Romania, successor to the defunct Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party and the short-lived Romanian Social Democratic Party (the latter was refounded in 1927).
		Interwar Romania had a minority population of 30%, and it was largely from this section that the party drew its membership - a large percentage of it was comprised of Jews, Hungarians and Bulgarians.
		The Communist Party engaged in a recruitment campaign and was able to attract numbers of workers and intellectuals as well as former members of the fascist Iron Guard.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Romanian_Communist_Party (2436 words)

	List of Communist Parties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Moldova - Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
		Denmark - Communist Party of Denmark, Communist Party in Denmark, Communist Party of Denmark/Marxist-Leninist
		Serbia and Montenegro - New Communist Party of Yugoslavia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Communist_parties (1147 words)

	Romania - The Communist Party
		According to the party statutes, the supreme organ of the PCR was the party congress, consisting of delegates elected by the judet conferences at a ratio of 1 delegate per 1,000 members.
		The party's identification with national interests was interpreted as rejection of the concept of "dictatorship of the proletariat," a phrase that was supplanted in party parlance by "state of the revolutionary workers' democracy." The policies pursued by the PCR were designed to maintain firm control of economic planning and administration.
		Party control was enhanced by the territorial and administrative reorganization of 1968, which set up commissions in all of the new judete to function under the direct supervision of the judet PCR committees.
	countrystudies.us /romania/70.htm (3082 words)

	Communist Party Statistics Sources
		Its authority was particularly evident in relations with the Communist parties in Eastern Europe and with the smaller parties of Western Europe and the western hemisphere.
		Romania's Communist leader Nicolae Ceau escu was killed in a bloody coup, while the Communist government of Yugoslavia was paralyzed by conflicts among its constituent republics.
		The party's secretary-general from 1930 until 1964, Maurice Thorez, was briefly (1946-47) vice-premier of France; the party was led by Georges Marchais (1920-97) from 1972 to 1993.
	www.adherents.com /largecom/communist_parties.html (3823 words)

	D:\main_template.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Communist Workers'Party of Russia — Party of Communists of Russia (RKRP-RPC)
		Party of the Communists of Republic of Moldova
		Communist Workers'Party of Russia — Party of Communists of Russia
	www.kke.gr /cpg/int_activ/infbull_05.html (205 words)

	Romanian Government
		The country's other political parties include the Social Democratic Party of Romania, the Social Democratic Union, the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania, the Greater Romania Party, and the Party of Romanian National Unity.
		Romania is divided into 40 counties and 1 special district, the city of Bucharest.
		The city of Bucharest and each of Romania's 40 counties have a county court and a variety of lower courts.
	www.public.asu.edu /~orlich/gov.html (339 words)

	Benutzer\Vasile\WWW final\Romania\Romania.html
		The southern and eastern portions of Romania consist of fertile plains that are drained by the Danube and its tributaries.
		Political parties are divided roughly between former communists who prefer a cautious restructuring of the socialist economy, democrats who advocate a more radical reform of the system, and minority parties that seek to ensure a voice for ethnic groups.
		Romania's literacy rate of 96 percent reflects its comprehensive educational system, which is compulsory between the ages of 6 and 16 and free at all levels.
	www.physik.uni-greifswald.de /~varto/Romania/Romania.html (2306 words)

	Nicolae Ceausescu, 1918-1989
		Communist official who was leader of Romania from 1965 until he was overthrown and killed in a revolution in December 1989.
		A prominent member of the Romanian Communist youth movement during the early 1930s, Ceausescu was imprisoned in 1936 and again in 1940 for his Communist Party activities.
		After the Communists' full accession to power in Romania in 1947, he first headed the nation's ministry of agriculture (1948-50), and from 1950 to 1954 he served as deputy minister of the armed forces with the rank of major general.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/ceausescu.html (539 words)

	City of Brasov
		During the three years after the overthrow of Ion Antonescu, a struggle for power took place between the democratic parties, which held fast to the Western political tradition, and the Communist Party, which was committed to the Soviet model.
		The communists were now able to accelerate the Sovietization of public life, which was to result in isolation from the West far more complete than that which the Romanians had experienced at the height of Ottoman domination.
		In cultural and intellectual life, the communists expected Romanian artists and writers to subordinate their creativity to party directives and to contribute works that were relevant to contemporary society.
	www.brasov.ro /history/communist.php3 (1646 words)

	The Calvary of Romania
		The chief rabbi of Romania, Alexandru Safran, was summarily deposed and exiled.
		And Iuliu Maniu, the head of the National Peasant Party, the most important democratic and anti-Fascist politician in the nation, was a devout Greek Catholic (he died in the 1950s in a Communist prison).
		Communist Party Secretary Gheorghiu-Dej announced peremptorily in February 1948 that the sole obstacle to “democracy” in Romania was the Catholic Church.
	catholiceducation.org /articles/persecution/pch0042.html (5423 words)

	Romania
		Romania is a constitutional republic with a multi-party system and a directly elected president as chief of state.
		A part of the Jewish population was deported to the Transdniester region during Romania's occupation of this territory after the outbreak of the Second World War.
		Nonetheless, overall the representation in parliament of the extremist parties dropped from 1992 to 1996.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive1/romania/romania.htm (1877 words)

	politics
		Formerly a Communist one-party system, Romania became a multiple-party democracy after the December 1989 events.
		Among the parties that gained large public support are the PNTCD and PNL.
		They are successors of the "traditional" parties that led the country through the period considered to be the brightest in the modern history of Romania - between the two World Wars.
	students.missouri.edu /~romsa/romania/html/politics.html (160 words)

	The Guardian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The fourth meeting of the Communist and Workers' parties of the Balkan countries was held in Sofia, Bulgaria on October 29.
		The participating parties were: Communist Party of Bulgaria; Bulgarian Communist Party "Georgi Dimitrov"; New Communist Party of Yugoslavia; Communist Party of Greece; Communist Party of Romania.
		The political situation in the Balkans was discussed and the parties stressed the need for unity in the communist movement in order to fight for peace and solidarity among workers, against the actions of international capital which promotes confrontation and fratricidal wars.
	www.zip.com.au /~cpa/garchve3/1026cp.html (340 words)

	Romania, a new emerging economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Membership of the Communist Party of Romania was obligatory and no-one holds it against either of them.
		Romania will export to the USA, by February 2003, weapons, mainly submachine guns worth US$15m within a contract which has in view the relaunch of the Romanian defence industry, which is in a serious recession, the National Authority for Control of Strategic Exports (ANCESIAC) announced on 5th November in Bucharest, Rompres News Agency has reported.
		The International Monetary Fund mission, on a visit to Romania, was due to meet Romanian Prime Minister, Adrain Nastase, to chew over the terms the country has to meet for the Fund to release the fourth tranche, which stands at US$60m, of the stand-by accord, according to Bluebull.
	www.newnations.com /archive/2002/December/ro.html (1919 words)

	Rania’s_Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Romania was the last piece in a complex structure that collapsed, a symptom of the domino effect.
		When Ceausescu left the party Central Committee building on 22 December, he was betrayed by Securitate and part of the army.
		They, along with Communist leaders including Iliescu, as well as members of the Central Committee, ofthe Communist Youth Movement, and of the National Union of Communist Students, triedto fill the power vacuum.
	www.lclark.edu /~klaus/Romania_file/Revolution.htm (1048 words)

	[No title]
		In other news, an 8 February Bulgarian Socialist Party's Supreme Council plenum decided that the 4 February move to return the mandate in order to form a second government was the right move to solve the political crisis and to keep the country's civil peace, the paper Duma reported.
		Romania and Ukraine have been unable to sign a basic bilateral treaty because of a disagreement over northern Bukovina and southern Bessarabia, territories annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940 and currently part of Ukraine.
		Meanwhile, the ultranationalist leader of the Serbian Radical Party, Vojislav Seselj, has indicated that he may be the catalyst for nullifying the substance of any legislation recognizing Zajedno.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/97-02/feb10.omri (2312 words)

	Statement of Communist and Workers’ Parties - End of occupation — Solidarity with the Iraqi people
		As communist and workers' parties struggling for peace, social justice, progress and socialism, we support the legitimate right of the Iraqi people to resist occupation.
		We demand the immediate withdrawal of all occupation forces as a prerequisite for a democratic and sovereign Iraq, legal action against the crimes of the invaders and full compensation for the damage they caused.
		Communist Workers' Party of Russia — Party of the Russian Communists
	www.mltoday.com /Pages/CPs/CPs-EndofOccupation.html (213 words)

	Romania
		In addition, Cluj University, in cooperation with the Moshe Carmili Institute of Judaic Studies, is conducting a comprehensive survey of the population censuses held in Romania from the end of the 18th century and throughout the 19th century.
		The second updated and expanded edition of the Bibliography of the Jews in Romania, originally published in 1991, is forthcoming in 2004.
		The Jewish communities of Romania played a key role in shaping the face of modern European Jewry in general, bridging the geographical and cultural gaps between the Jews of Eastern and Western Europe as well as between Ashkenazim and Sephardim.
	www.tau.ac.il /humanities/ggcenter/promania.html (709 words)

	USAID CP '98: Romania
		The new Government of Romania (GOR) inherited a formidable challenge in rescuing an economy which is struggling as a result of seven years of indecisive policy and a general failure to implement meaningful reform.
		Romania's ability to sustain economic reforms and promote a stable democracy faces other key constraints, including: restrictions against foreign ownership of land; bureaucratic red-tape and corruption; limited availability of investment finance; slow pace of privatization; lack of respect for contractual obligations; and low confidence in the judiciary.
		USAID's priority in Romania is to help the Government of Romania (GOR) formulate and implement a reform package which puts Romania firmly on the road to economic and democratic reform and responds to IMF and World Bank conditions.
	www.usaid.gov /pubs/cp98/eni/countries/ro.htm (7047 words)

	Socialist Republic of Romania, 1965-1989 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The only substantial change was the removal of the letters, "RPR," and their replacement by the words Republica, Socialista and Romania on the left, right and central ribbon bands, respectively.
		According to EMC Barraclough's Flags of the World (1969), the jack of Romania was a square tricolor with 'two white crossed anchors in place of the national emblem.' I am not sure when this flag was adopted or when it was replaced.
		I was watching a historical documentary on the TV tonight where I saw a flag of the Romanian Communist Party hoisted behind Ceausescu on the occasion of one of his last speeches before his fall.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ro-1965.html (697 words)

	Paul Flynn MP - Newport West - Commons Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Nastase was previously number two in former communist party of Romania who had reinvented themselves as the People’s Social Democratic Party (PSDP).
		Not to be confused with the Romanian Democratic Party (RDP) or the Romanian Social Democratic Party (RSDP).
		The reply from the Labour Party was a tad disappointing.
	www.paulflynnmp.co.uk /commonsdetail.jsp?id=605 (339 words)

	Adventist Review: Inside Communist Romania
		The Communist government of Romania, one of the most Stalinistic in Eastern Europe, was suspicious of any activity it could not control.
		The building was a gift from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to the Communist Party of Romania, and it stood as a symbol of the eternal friendship between the two parties and countries.*
		Missionary meetings were organized in different parts of Romania, and lay missionaries have been paid to go from house to house distributing Adventist literature and giving Bible studies.
	www.adventistreview.org /2001-1524/story1.html (2356 words)

	www.ceausescu.org - the leading infosource on the web about Ceausescu and his era!
		The Directorate for Investigations had agents and informants placed in virtually every echelon of the party and government, as well as among the public, to report on the antiregime activities and opinions of ordinary citizens.
		When the cases of certain dissidents became known to international human rights organizations and the state was unable to act freely against them, the Securitate pressured these dissidents to emigrate by making their lives unbearable and granting them exit visas to leave the country.
		Romania's industrial workers became an important source of unrest and a potential threat to the Ceausescu regime and future PCR rule in the 1970s.
	www.ceausescu.org /ceausescu_texts/department_of_state_securi.htm (1137 words)

	AllRefer.com - Romania - Dominance of the Romanian Communist Party \| Romanian Information Resource
		The Romanian economic structure was unusual in the extreme degree to which party and governmental hierarchies were intertwined and even formally merged.
		One of the most powerful of the new joint party and state bodies was the Supreme Council of Economic and Social Development, which Ceausescu chaired from its inception in 1973.
		At a joint meeting of party and state officials in June 1987, Ceausescu announced the conversion of the permanent bureau into a quasi-military economic supreme command, further tightening his grip on planning while reducing the role of the governmental institution created for that purpose--the State Planning Committee.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/romania/romania93.html (703 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Representatives of the Communist and Workers Parties Meeting in Athens from 8-10 October, 2004, express their total condemnation of the brutal crimes committed by the Israeli occupation forces against the Palestinian People.
		They expressed their grave concern over the dangerous escalation of the campaign of terror and suppression during the last weeks directed against the Palestinian People in the Gaza Strip and Jabolyia.
		Communist Workers' Party of Russia - Party of Russian Communists
	www.kke.gr /cpg/Int_Meet2004/SolidStPalestin.html (205 words)

	Catholic World News : The Calvary of Romania
		The distinguished Romanian scholar of religion, Mircea Eliade, expressed the sympathy of all Romanians at the time for their Catholic brothers and sisters, and lamented that "we have not heard that a single Orthodox bishop has publicly stated his disapproval of the violence." The Romanian Patriarch Justinian played a particularly unsavory role in this process.
		POLITICAL PRESSURES In 1950, all the Communist nations were using their churches to support the anti-nuclear movement centered around the Stockholm Appeal.
		The Romanian Communists also banned all contact with the Vatican (Even in the 1960s, no Romanian Catholic bishops were allowed to attend the Second Vatican Council, and priests were still being arrested.) The government began the break with the Vatican by expelling the papal nuncio, Archbishop Gerald O'Hara.
	www.cwnews.com /news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=20703 (5325 words)

	Conflict Summary
		Nicolae Ceausescu became the leader of Romania's Communist Party in July 1965 after the death of the former President Gheorghiu-Dej and was elected President of the State in 1974.
		In an effort to pay off a large foreign debt that the government had accumulated in the 1970s, in 1982 Ceausescu ordered that most of the country's agricultural and industrial production would be exported.
		The resulting drastic shortages basic necessities such as food, fuel, energy, medicines; drove Romania from a state of relative economic well being to a country near starvation.
	www.pcr.uu.se /database/conflictSummary.php?bcID=208 (275 words)

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