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Topic: Communist Party of Thailand

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	Thailand Insurgency 1959-Present
		Communist militants were able to exploit the discontent that grew steadily during the 1960s and 1970s in those remote regions.
		In the peninsular provinces adjoining the Malaysian border in the South the CPT sought to capitalize on Malay minority sentiments for a separate state or a union with Malaysia.
		In the 1960s, because of growing evidence that the CPT was building support structures among villagers in the Northeast, the government began to institute limited countermeasures designed to improve both the defense and the living conditions in villages in threatened areas.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/tango/thailand1959.htm (2022 words)

	List of Communist Parties - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The formation of communist parties in various countries was first initiated by the formation of the communist Third International by the Russian Bolsheviks.
		Moldova - Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova
		Denmark - Communist Party of Denmark, Communist Party in Denmark, Communist Party of Denmark/Marxist-Leninist
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Communist_Parties (1043 words)

	AllRefer.com - Vietnam - Development Of The Vietnamese Communist Party \| Vietnamese Information Resource
		The state Constitution adopted in 1980 terms the party "the only force leading the state and society and the main factor determining all successes of the Vietnamese revolution." The party's role is primary in all state activities, overriding that of the government, which functions merely to implement party policies.
		The Second National Party Congress was held in 1951 in Tuyen Quang, a former province in the Viet Bac, a remote region of the North Vietnamese highlands controlled by the Viet Minh (see Glossary) during the First Indochina War (see Glossary--also known as the Viet Minh War).
		Nevertheless, the doubling of the party's size in the space of a decade was cause for concern to Vietnam's leaders, who feared that a decline in the party's selection standards had resulted in increased inefficiency and corruption.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/vietnam/vietnam97.html (1478 words)

	Encyclopedia: Communist Party of Thailand
		A political party is an organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns.
		In the Sino-Soviet split (beginning in the late 1950s), CPT clearly supported the Communist Party of China.
		Communist Party of China flag The Communist Party of China (CPC) or Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified: ä¸å›½å…±äº§å…š; Traditional: ä¸åœ‹å…±ç”£é»¨; Hanyu Pinyin:) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Communist-Party-of-Thailand (756 words)

	Vol 8. No. 7, July 2000 - Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The CPB, which was recognized as a "fraternal communist party" by the Chinese, dealt with the infamous intelligence chief Kang Sheng and his International Liaison Department (ILD) of the Communist Party of China.
		The Communist Party of Malaya’s Suara Revolusi Malaya ("Voice of the Malayan Revolution") broadcast from Hengyang south of Changsha in Hunan province.
		The CPB —unlike other communist parties in the region—made the crucial mistake of speaking out loudly in favor of the hardliners: "The revisionist clique [with which Deng was linked] headed by Liu Shaoqi has been defeated," the CPB stated in a congratulatory message on the fifty-fifth anniversary of the CPC in June 1976.
	www.irrawaddy.org /database/2000/vol8.7/article.html (2222 words)

	AllRefer.com - Thailand - Insurgency \| Thai Information Resource
		Many who rallied to the government side during this period were students who had fled to the remote jungles and joined the CPT forces after the repressive action of the Thai police at Bangkok's Thammasat University in early October 1976 (see Thailand in Transition, ch.
		The capture and destruction in 1981 of the Khao Khor base astride the border between Phetchabun and Phitsanulok provinces in the North was a serious blow to the insurgency.
		Of this number, approximately 65 to 70 were thought to be in the North, 85 to 115 in the Northeast, 260 to 350 in the South, and 55 to 60 in the Center (see fig.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/thailand/thailand133.html (2205 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Thai security and Sino-Thai relations
		China's support for the Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) and its insurgency from the post-war period until the 1970s was a major stumbling block.
		Thailand is also host to the annual Cobra Gold exercises, involving significant land, sea and air components of the US armed forces.
		Thailand even blocked entry to the Dalai Lama at one point, and expelled members of the Falun Gong sect, which is banned in China.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details_print.cfm?id=10740 (1566 words)

	2Bangkok.com - Troubles in the South - September 2005
		Malaysia is as responsible as Thailand for the situation in southern Thailand - mggpillai.com, September 4, 2005
		He meant the Malay provinces of southern Thailand, which has remained provinces of Thailand for over a century, as Kelatantan and Trengannu was until 1942 and during the war years part of Japanese empire.
		To assume that the root cause of the problem in southern Thailand is a demand for independence is awfully wrong.
	www.2bangkok.com /south05September.shtml (2463 words)

	ipedia.com: List of Communist Parties Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The formation of Communist Parties in various countries was instigated by the formation of the Communist Third International by the Russian Bolsheviks.
		Denmark - Communist Party of Denmark, Communist Party in Denmark
		Portugal - Communist Party of Portugal, Portuguese Communist Party
	www.ipedia.com /list_of_communist_parties.html (649 words)

	VN Embassy : CPV- The Second National Party Congress in 2/1951
		Representatives from the Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of Thailand attended the congress.
		The statute clearly expressed the Party's aim of striving for the "development of the people's democratic regime, advancing to socialism in Viet Nam, bringing freedom and happiness for the working class and labouring people and all majority and minority groups in Viet Nam".
		This was the first time the Party Central Committee was officially elected at a congress attended by Party members from all parts of the country.
	www.vietnamembassy-usa.org /news/story.php?datestamp=20010413011628 (440 words)

	Asia Times
		BEIJING - China's Communist Party - the world's largest political movement, with 66 million members - has bid to cast off its harsh image as a revolutionary party committed to violent class struggle in favour of the more mellow image of a conventional ruling party.
		At its week-long congress that ended on Friday, the Party redefined itself from the "revolutionary vanguard of the proletariat" to a representative party of the whole nation, embracing capitalists - the class enemies it loathed in the past - and electing a younger generation of leaders.
		While some Chinese pundits are grappling to present the current transfer of power as a watershed for the Communist Party in the new century, other watchers are hunting for clues on whether the change in the leadership faces is anything more than just a generational change for the same old party.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/DK16Ad02.html (1046 words)

	THAILAND: Amid Violence, Muslim South Pins Hopes on New Approach
		Shortly after being appointed, Deputy Prime Minister Chaturon, a former member of the Communist Party of Thailand (CPT), urged government officials to focus on their task: the restoration of peace: ''Authorities must protect the people and establish trust among them.
		Buddhist ceremonies such as funerals, or wedding parties that used to be held at night have been moved to the day.
		If the new approach takes root, it will not be the first time that Thailand has toned down security measures and applied a political policy to deal with prolonged conflict, given the amnesty it offered to the Communist Party of Thailand in the past.
	www.ipsnews.net /interna.asp?idnews=23214 (1160 words)

	PolitInfo.com - Chinese Former Communist Party Leader Dies in Beijing - Jan 17, 2005 Beijing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		China's former Communist Party chief, Zhao Ziyang, purged after the 1989 crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators, is being remembered as a key architect of China's economic reforms.
		The son of a wealthy landowner, Zhao Ziyang, was born in central Henan Province in 1919 and joined the Communist Party in 1938.
		Agents were also seen guarding the house where the late Communist Party leader was once confined, preventing anyone from entering the alley leading to the property.
	www.politinfo.com /articles/article_2005_01_17_4804.html (805 words)

	Sigur Center Asia Paper: Southeast Asian Countries Perceptions of China's Military Modernization
		These were: 1) Chinese support for communist insurgent movements in Southeast Asia, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s; 2) the outbreak of the Cambodian conflict in late 1978; and 3) the economic opening of China in the late 1970s.
		Thailand’s current relationship with China is free from the fetters of territorial disputes.
		This is due to its fear of conflict in the region, heavy dependence (95 percent) of Thailand’s trading activity on sea-lanes and the growing importance of international trade on the Thai economy.
	www.gwu.edu /~sigur/publications/koong.htm (10659 words)

	Leeds Thai Politics
		In it's wake, a no-confidence motion, Chuan's unconvincing defense, and the withdrawal of the Phalang Dharma Party led to the dissolution of parliament and fresh elections.
		The exclusionary character of political parties could have been made clearer and then used to qualify the authors' use of the terms "democracy" and "democratization" (meaning: the process of actual inclusion, not just the absence of military dictatorship and the taking place of superficially "meaningful" elections).
		As for Thailand, the material used is highly selective; even major works, such as Girling (1981) and Morell/Chai-anan (1981), are missing from the bibliography as are other books and articles relevant to the subject (Anderson 1977, 1978, Chai-anan/Kusuma/Suchit 1990, Likhit 1992, Marks 1978, 1980, Murashima/Nakharin/Chalermkiet 1986, Prudhisarn 1992, and even Basting 1992).
	www.leeds.ac.uk /thaipol/K.htm (2491 words)

	The search for a new political order (from Thailand) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		By 1980, when Kriangsak was replaced by General Prem Tinsulanonda, Thailand had established a new system of government in which the military shared power with a parliament with the mediation of the monarchy.
		Prem, who served as prime minister from 1980 to 1988, succeeded in eliminating the challenge of the Communist Party of Thailand by declaring a general amnesty for all previous…
		The Reform Party first acted as a united group in 1905, but it was not formally constituted and organized along party lines until after the 1911 election.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-52686?tocId=52686 (920 words)

	Purged Chinese Communist Party leader Zhao Ziyang dies - INQ7.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Zhao was unceremoniously stripped of his post of Communist Party secretary general after he opposed using military force to end the six-week-long student-led protests in Beijing's Tiananmen Square.
		Although the ruling Communist Party discredited his political reform plans, his economic reforms in the 1980s set the stage for the opening up of China's economy and 25 years of dramatic economic growth.
		After the communists took power in 1949, he held a series of senior positions in the southern provinces of Guangdong and Sichuan before being summoned to Beijing.
	beta.inq7.net /world/index.php?index=1&story_id=24593 (861 words)

	Asia Times
		Another China: The awakened giant, October 31), so the 16th Party Congress that begins on Friday is more historically significant than its predecessors, as it is the first one of truly global importance.
		Jiang's party turns a brighter shade of red, September 12, 2001) this congress will for the first time experiment with bringing more democracy into the selection of its leadership.
		The issues confronting the Party are basically the same ones confronting every modern state torn between the requirement to represent different interests and maintaining the unity of the country and avoiding violent domestic clashes.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/DK08Ad02.html (1316 words)

	Channelnewsasia.com
		Speculation is rife that former party leader Jiang Zemin, 78, is refusing to step down from his position as commander-in-chief of the military, preventing current party leader Hu Jintao, 61, from exercising effective power.
		This is in line with previous pledges by the party to improve its methods of recruiting and nurturing new talent in order to combat the risk of becoming irrelevant, analysts said.
		But reform of the communist party does not mean democracy is on the agenda for society as a whole.
	www.channelnewsasia.com /stories/afp_asiapacific/view/106925/1/.html (902 words)

	Singapore University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chin Peng, who became Secretary General of the Malayan Communist Party in 1947 at the age of 23, is a key figure in the recent history of Malaysia.
		In 1948 his communist party launched a campaign of violence against the colonial government, which responded with military action under the name of the 'Malayan Emergency'.
		Dialogues with Chin Peng: New Light on the Malayan Communist Party is the record of these exciting and intense sessions.
	www.nus.edu.sg /sup/9971-69-297-2.html (297 words)

	Leeds Thai Politics
		121-145) concerning Thai political parties and their leaders (1932-1990), elections of the Members of the House of Representatives (1933-1988), Thai political parties and their MPs (1957-1988), the occupational distribution of MPs (1933-1988), the occupational distribution of Members of the Senate (1932-1988), and the occupational distribution of cabinet members (1932-1988).
		A positive assessment is offered of the performance of the government headed by Chuan Leekphai ("seen by the press as overly cautious and legalistic, colorless, and aloof."), and the land reform "scandal" that led to the no-confidence motion and to the dissolution of parliament, is put into parenthesis.
		That political parties "for the first time in history" presented policy platforms does not seems to be correct.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /thaipol/M.htm (2261 words)

	Leeds Thai Politics
		The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Thailand (1973-1987).
		Grimm, T. "Thailand in the Light of Official Chinese Historiography: A Chapter in the 'History of the Ming Dynasty.'" JSS 49 (1):1-xxx.
		Thailand in the Nineteenth Century: Evolution of the Economy and Society.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /thaipol/gandh.htm (2195 words)

	Thahan Phran - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Thahan Phran was originally formed in 1978 to clear Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) guerrillas from mountain strongholds in Thailand's northeast.
		This was due to changes in the threats on Thailand's eastern and western borders as well as RTA budget cuts.
		In a major victory for Thailand and the Thahan Phran, in October 1981, a Thahan Phran squad from Pak Tong Chai was used to force the drug warlord Khun Sa to move his headquarters from northwest Thailand across the border into Myanmar.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Thahan_Phran (498 words)

	General Tran Do's Letter to the Communist Party
		It is the concentration of all power in the hands of the Party's leading organs that is causing the Party to deteriorate and Party-members holding power to become a new ruling class in society, working for their self-interests and against people's interests.
		One includes Party members that are holding power at high positions; the other the majority of members that have to continue to live with the centralized democracy principle, to follow unconditionally all policies, directives, and orders.
		Today, they should be discussions within the Party and with the people on the outside through the use of the freedom of expression, and freedom of the press and publication.
	www.fva.org /document/dissident/trando1.htm (8376 words)

	PolitInfo.com - Wave of Petitioners Gather in Beijing Ahead of Communist Party Meeting - Sep 10, 2004 Beijing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The round-up is a yearly event before Communist Party leaders hold their annual meeting.
		The brother was executed in prison decades ago, because Communist authorities accused him of being a counter-revolutionary.
		Observers say these are all issues that Communist Party leaders plan to take up at their meeting this month.
	www.politinfo.com /articles/article_2004_09_10_5905.html (710 words)

	Communist party, in the United States: Popular Front and World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In the United States, the Communists abandoned opposition to the New Deal; they reentered the mainstream of the trade union movement and played an important part in organizing new unions for the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), for the first time gaining important positions of power in the union movement.
		The party's attacks on Nazi Germany ended abruptly with the signing of the Hitler-Stalin nonaggression pact in Aug., 1939, and World War II, which immediately followed, was denounced as an “imperialist” war caused by Great Britain and France.
		Strikes were opposed as a hindrance to the war effort, and in 1944 the U.S. Communist party “disbanded” as a political party to become the Communist Political Association.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0857500.html (459 words)

	Thailand, Thailand information
		Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago...
		Mai is one of the few places in Thailand where it is possible to find in the heart...
		Thailand is a fascinating and exotic country to explore...
	www.thailands.co.uk (1377 words)

	A - Thai Bibliography
		‘Admitting’ them to the ‘public’ or to political parties (which are highly exclusionary in Thailand, perhaps, to an extent, except for the Democrats) would drastically reduce their freedom of action, and that means, their utility.
		If it “is the essence of individual sovereignty in a democracy” to maximize utility (the author here follows Downs), and if, as has been demonstrated, rural voters cannot and/or are kept from maximizing their utility in the frame of the national political system called ‘democracy’, then, it follows, they lack this (politically speaking) individual sovereignty.
		Accordingly, there does not seem to be one alternative or competing model developed by Thailand’s rural population, but rather a myriad of separately localized reactions on the original model.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /thaipol/a.htm (4189 words)

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