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Topic: Community Currencies

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	Local currency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In economics, a local currency, in its common usage, is a currency not backed by a national government (and not necessarily legal tender), and intended to trade only in a small area.
		But the oldest local currencies known to be in continuous use are the WIR in Switzerland, and the Labor Banks in Japan.
		Opponents of this concept argue that local currency creates a barrier which can interfere with economies of scale and comparative advantage, and that in some cases they can serve, like traditional national currencies, as a means of tax evasion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Community_currencies (499 words)

	Common wealth: building economic democracy with community currencies — The Memory Bank 2.1
		Community currencies, on the other hand, are issued by people coming together in their own finite associations.
		Community currencies, based as they are on well-established social principles, have the capacity of building bridges between everyday economic life and the opportunities arising in the new economy.
		Moreover, while the logic of community currencies, in contrast with conventional money, is intrinsically consistent with a more ethical social agenda, it is important to note that this operates through their abstract design and does not imply any particular type of behaviour from members.
	www.thememorybank.co.uk /papers/common_wealth (7340 words)

	Community Currencies Literature Review
		The idea of community currencies is borne out of a desire to provide communities with a means of supporting themselves, limiting their reliance on the larger market economy and on forces they cannot see or know.
		Community currencies are, in some ways, about returning some of that control to the locality, empowering local residents to support themselves and each other through self-reliance.
		However, community currencies are not necessarily intended to act as a wholesale replacement for external linkages with larger market systems.
	www.planning.unc.edu /courses/261/levenson/litrev.html (1016 words)

	The Future of Community Currencies
		Community currency operations last year in the USA made around $1 billion in fees, although I’ll bet none of the people doing that are at this conference.
		These are community currencies, by function if not by name, and despite their cash commisions.
		We calculate that community currencies can eventually double total charitable giving, with particular emphasis on local needs, and establish that as much as 10% of the local economy is accounted in community currency.
	www.gmlets.u-net.com /go/focc.html (1206 words)

	GJM: Complemetary, Community & Ecological Currencies
		The best way to understand the currencies is to first think of doing a favour for a neighbour – say, mowing a lawn – and, in exchange, your neighbour does a favour, maybe some baby-sitting, for you.
		However, with the currencies there is a difference – you can have favours done for you by others who are not strictly neighbours but instead live in the wider neighbourhood and are members of the neighbourhood scheme.
		Community breakdown has happened in most societies today: the currencies are a way of reversing the trend.
	www.globaljusticemovement.net /home/currencies.htm (1180 words)

	Bernard Lietaer: 'Community Currencies'
		The three most important concerns of our contemporaries in the developed nations are remarkably convergent--unemployment, the environment, and community breakdown--and there are strong indications that these same issues will remain on top of the agenda well into the next century.
		And community breakdown is one of the most systemic, deep, and complex societal trends of the past 30 years, with no signs of any reversal.
		We will see that a community currency should fulfill at least some of the key roles of any currency, and that a well-designed community currency can even fill some of the roles that the "normal" national currency does not.
	www.transaction.net /money/cc/cc01.html (677 words)

	New Village Journal: Community Currencies at a Crossroads
		The community leaders decided to issue coupons, which were essentially a local currency that depicted the name of the town and the marketplace.
		Consensus appears to be building that community currencies should strive to incorporate as independent non-profits with elected boards of directors and member-approved bylaws, and find funding, especially income generated from program activities, such as advertising, to retain at least some paid staff.
		The services of these community members are listed in a section of the system's directory where other Bow Chinook traders may contact them through a central contact who arranges translators or terms of trade on their behalf.
	www.newvillage.net /2commcurrencies.html (4399 words)

	International Journal of Community Currency Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The aim of this journal is to provide a forum for the dissemination of knowledge and understanding about the emerging array of community currencies being used throughout the world both at present and in the past.
		Community currencies are here defined widely to encompass the full range of possible currency systems.
		In any case the communication gap between the profit-driven, professional and relatively secretive BTEs, and the more open, community-oriented and (in comparison) lay community currency practitioner is only slightly broader than the town-gown gap between the ‘activist’ and the ‘academic’.
	www.le.ac.uk /ulmc/ijccr/index.html (709 words)

	The Hindu : Community currencies
		Local currencies are also a way of trying to recreate the sense of community that is otherwise lacking in many industrialised countries.
		But local currencies are one way in which people are able to partially protect themselves from the vagaries of economic trends determined by distant and amorphous forces.
		Community currencies, also called Local Currency, come into being when a community finds that conventional money is in short supply.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2001/09/30/stories/1330046b.htm (1355 words)

	Category:Community currencies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Community currencies are also known as local currency or complementary currencies.
		List of community currencies in the United States
		This page was last modified 00:03, 14 August 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Community_currencies (61 words)

	OUR Community Dollar
		Community currency is simply that: currency that is recognized and accepted in the community it supports.
		Community currency by our definition is money that is made by the community to replenish the lack of federally based money available in that community.
		Community Dollar Marketing Group is in the process of raising the capital to launch a community based newspaper that will celebrate the many positive aspects of the community.
	www.communitydollar.com /faq.asp (1620 words)

	La Leva di Archimede (ENG): Community Currencies - Montreal International Seminar
		In the field of complementary community currencies our practice is far ahead of theory and it's time that the academics catch up with the practical experience of the doers in the complementary community currency movement.
		To overcome these shortfalls, Molly explained that the local communities were increasing local liquidity and plugging the leakage through the introduction of complementary community currencies thereby re-building their respective local communities in the coal mining area of Wales.
		These complementary community currencies have a special recycling quality whereby they are passed around the local networks (databases) by the consumers who are wisely choosing to spend their money differently.
	www.laleva.org /eng/2004/02/community_currencies_montreal_international_seminar.html (4565 words)

	Community Currencies at a Crossroads, New Ways Forward
		Recently, a National Organizing Committee for Community Currencies has been formed, sponsored by the Center for Community Futures (www.cencomfut.com), to sustain the momentum by planning regional gatherings, collective research, and lobbying efforts.
		(and seriousness) of community currencies in the eyes of policymakers, funding agencies, academia, and organizers working on related issues, who have tended to dismiss or diminish the role of community currency in community economic development.
		Other efforts are the International Journal of Community Currencies (www.geog.le.ac.uk/ijccr/), an Internet-based publication which compiles the work of a wide range of academic researchers, and the International Development Research Centre-funded research project on community currencies in Asia, Africa and Latin America (http://ccdev.lets.net/), coordinated by a former Canadian LETS organizer, Stephen DeMeulenaere (stephen@lets.net).
	www.ratical.org /many_worlds/cc/cc@Xroads.html (5812 words)

	The E. F. Schumacher Society • Local Currencies
		Local currencies function on a regional scale the same way that national currencies have functioned on a national scale—building the regional economy by creating a protective “membrane” that is defined by the currency itself.
		Local businesses that accept the currency are distinguished from chain stores that do not, building greater affinity between citizens of the region and their local merchants.
		Individuals choosing to use the currency make a conscious commitment to buy locally first, taking personal responsibility for the health and wellbeing of their community, laying the foundation of a truly vibrant, thriving local economy.
	www.schumachersociety.org /local_currencies.html (304 words)

	Creating Community Currency
		The local currency movement hopes to reorganize the global system by creating healthy local communities that recognize and respect their interdependence, and work cooperatively to restore the Earth, recognize the rights and wisdom of indigenous people, and respect the rights of all people -- regardless of class, gender, age, or race.
		Local currencies inspire people to live in accordance with their values, to follow their inner passion rather than chase after an obsolete notion of "success." They enable people to make a contribution to their community and receive what they need or desire in return.
		She is a member of the Green Party which includes local currencies in its platform and a member of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.
	www.communitycurrency.org (1902 words)

	Transaction Net: Complementary Community Currency Systems
		Backed currencies such as e-gold can be issued (or barter exchanges completed) by whoever owns a commodity or service.
		In most other complementary currencies (and in national currency), including mutual credit systems like LETS and ROCS, and in Ithaca HOURS, the amount of money exchanged in any transaction is negotiable.
		Those complementary currencies backed by an external reference (a commodity or service) rather than the fiat of a central authority are less susceptible to inflation.
	www.transaction.net /money/community (855 words)

	Ripple - Introduction for Community Currency Advocates
		Ripple allows someone who uses two currencies to easily act as a broker or intermediary for transactions between the two currency communities of which he is a member.
		Integrating Ripple into a community currency means that the power of that currency is no longer limited by the number of people that accept it, but rather by the number of people in the Ripple network that it is connected to.
		A currency issuer could be defined as one who acts as a payment intermediary between subscribers to that currency.
	ripple.sourceforge.net /cc.html (811 words)

	The E. F. Schumacher Society • Local Currencies • 2004 Conference Report
		In today’s global economy national currencies have had the effect of centralizing ownership of wealth and of widening the gap between rich and poor--all the while undermining local communities, devastating indigenous peoples, and polluting the environment.
		However, if he had been there, he would have thanked the pioneering activists attending for their work in their own communities, encouraged them to share the sense of possibility and hope that comes from local action, and expressed his trust in a younger generation creating new, regional solutions.
		Many involved in the local currency movement are at the same time interested in alternative or complementary national and international currencies.
	www.schumachersociety.org /local_currencies/2004_conference_report.html (2201 words)

	Global : Ideas : Bank - Depreciating community-owned currencies
		The most important lesson, however, is that a depressed community in an apparently hopeless situation found a way of ending the seemingly insoluble problems of unemployment, local decline and lack of a reliable tax base, symbiotically through the use of community-owned currency.
		Conversely and concurrently, the communities and regions are deprived of their wealth - via the national money - to feed the voracious appetite of the centre.
		A community currency, on the other hand, can be used by anyone in the community as a 'means of payment' for any commodity or service.
	www.globalideasbank.org /site/bank/idea.php?ideaId=904 (1936 words)

	Appropriate Economics, Community Exchange, Community Currencies in the Global South : International Help Desk on Local ...
		A local currency system in which there are no methods for managing the money supply, either by increasing or decreasing the money supply as the situation demands, can lead to the collapse of the system.
		A substitution of national currency expenses with local currency, by seeking to purchase within the system, contributes further to the independence of the system, reduces the need for unpopular levies in national currency and provides extra income opportunities for certain members.
		If this transition is managed correctly, community currency systems may come to be accepted as an economic tool worthy of government support. On the other hand, failure to appreciate the complexities of existing powerbases may mean that they are seen as a threat which should be suppressed.
	complementarycurrency.org /helpdesk/success_factors.html (2114 words)

	Community Currencies coming of age
		There are signs that "community currencies" are coming of age and indeed flourishing as we progress into this new millennium.
		Advocates of "community currencies" are focusing on the preferred "time currency" commonly called "hours" simply because the unit of "time" is universal.
		In this regard, we can expect supporting organizations to start accepting "community currency" as partial payment for membership fees and make a concerted effort to encourage their memberships to engage in trade using "community currencies." It is also recommended that supporting organizations start offering their volunteers payment in "community currency" for their time and work.
	www.cyberclass.net /lng.htm (972 words)

	Welcome to lets.openmoney.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The main body of this site is composed of materials prepared for Hakuhodo, a major Japanese advertising agency, for each of the 6 editions of their magazine published in 2001.
		The community way design has proved itself an effective and viable means of initiating cc services, demonstrating how socially responsible business can apply cc to generate both sales and financial support for the community.
		Subdomains of lets.net can be made available for communities operating currencies systems as recommended by the LETSystem Trust.
	ccdev.lets.net (476 words)

	community currencies
		The majority of the local currencies I know about have been started for the purpose of creating employment, but there is a growing group of people who are starting local currencies specifically to create community.
		In such a scenario, currency would retain a constant local value related to a natural resource, making visible once again the connection between the health of the local economy and the health of the land.
		It is the first of a series of three, and has been commissioned to promote the concept and usage of community currencies in inner city Manchester.
	www.ratical.org /many_worlds/cc (2321 words)

	Community Currencies? - Page 2 - Gold & Silver Forum
		One way to create and make your local currency work would be to give a 3-7% discount when you use it, but of course if you want to cash back to fiat it then would be 1-1.
		One of the peculiarities of modern citizens is that they so rarely take currency creation into their own hands: there are plenty of reasons and situations to use a grass-roots currency.
		The budding community currency developer upon discovering some arbitrage activity around his currency should look at this arbitrage as discovery of a flaw in his system.
	goldismoney.info /forums/showthread.php?p=353483#post353483 (6241 words)

	Eco-Village Resources - Economics : LETS, Local Currencies
		TimeKeeper, US A new, tax-exempt currency that empowers people to convert their personal time into purchasing power by helping others and by rebuilding family, neighborhood and community.
		The Trade Reference Currency (TRC) is a new currency privately issued by the TRC Alliance, with a built-in circulation incentive that could play a significant role in getting the world out of recession.
		To provide a forum for the dissemination of knowledge and understanding about the emerging array of community currencies (including 'money-based' systems such as LETS, 'time-based' systems such as time dollars, other scrip-based community exchanges, as well as business trade exchanges) being used throughout the world both at present and in the past.
	www.geocities.com /cmhensch/resource/econ-lets.html (2988 words)

	Resources for Community Currency Activists
		Acknowledging and educating about the destructive flow of currency around the globe, ATTAC seeks to reduce the damage by implementing a small tax on foreign exchange transactions that could be used to meet the most urgent human and environmental needs.
		My dream is to create a new global currency, an ethical currency consciously designed to encourage generosity and abundance, build community, restore the Earth, and meet basic human needs.
		This currency would depend upon the networking of a vibrant, local, national, and international local currency movement and the creation of a chaordic organization, which has no head, and works by cooperative, independent agreement.
	www.communitycurrency.org /resources.html (8331 words)

	devlog » community currencies
		While attending the MDCN mobile/locative arts meetup in Montreal, i was glad to be able to spend time with Mike Lenczner, of the local community wireless network ile sans fil, and some of the people he’s galvanised around him.
		At one point around the New Year, i seemed to be having a conversation about community currencies with a different person approximately once a week.
		There’s a de facto standard called MRS for managing registration and transaction between many different currencies; Hugh’s been working out an XML version of its ASCII looking protocol, i think, and there’s strong potential for RESTful web service type interfaces.
	frot.org /devlog/category/community-currencies (1019 words)

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