
	Where results make sense

Topic: Community ownership

	Community Forest Ownership: Key to Sustainable Forest Resource Management -- The Gambian Experience
		Community forestry implementation distinguishes three phases: A preparatory phase during which the forest management by local communities is prepared; a preliminary phase during which the communities demonstrate their capacity in forest protection and management; and a consolidation phase during which the communities gain further managerial and technical forestry skills aimed at self-management.
		Every agreement signed with the community is accompanied with an attestation from the traditional chief to the effect that the community has customary ownership of the land that they claim or that they have permission from the chief's office to annex the forest land for their community forestry activities.
		During community forestry implementation, and contrary to what is often believed, it has been found that the communities were not seeing the forest primarily as a source of revenue.
	srdis.ciesin.org /cases/Gambia-Paper.html (3684 words)

	An Ideal CTC: Vision and Community Ownership
		A sense of vision and ownership can only be developed if the CTC is familiar with and dedicated to community needs through a clear outline of objectives and constant attention to changes in the community.
		Active community participation and involvement from the board of directors to the volunteer level is important to assuring individuals feel a sense of ownership.
		Observations about vision and community ownership were gathered by all members of the research team through staff and executive director interviews, as well as during time spent in the centers.
	www.utexas.edu /lbj/rhodesprp/01_02/theory/vision.htm (924 words)

	Trust House Limited (Community Owned Training)
		But the beliefs that community ownership could perform efficiently and well, and was enjoyed as a concept, was contrary to by far the great majority of the dynamic change that had occurred in recent years, so doubt existed.
		In pursuing research that compares the efficiency of community owned trading enterprises with their private enterprise counterparts, the impact of the nature of community ownership, the wider sense of the well being of the community rather than pursuit of individual objectives, was important.
		The pursuit of economic growth in their regions, the support of community activities, good neighbour/environmental sensitivity programmes, and energy generation investment goals, identify that the community companies were either not more active in these areas than the public companies or the goals were of peripheral interest.
	www.trusthouse.co.nz /articles/community_owned_trading.htm (2223 words)

	Community Association law -- an introduction
		Community associations are creatures of statute and/or contract and were developed around the turn of the century as an attempt to control the growth and use of real estate.
		The term "Community Association" is used to describe any residential development in which each individual owner is contractually bound to an organization that has rules that must be followed, and assessments that must be paid, by all the individual owners for maintenance and for other general costs of managing and operating the property.
		The typical community association consists of a corporation, or other entity (incorporated or not), with a board of directors (or trustees or governing committee) and officers, by-laws that regulate the governance of the entity, and a Declaration of Covenants and Restrictions (or the functional equivalent) that regulates the behavior of the residents.
	www.meislik.com /articles/art03.htm (3020 words)

	Capetown Conference on Land Tenure Issues: 18. Evans, Jeremy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While communities claim the right to hold the land and manage the existing woodlots for their own benefit, the potential conversion of land use from woodlots to something else, should woodlots not prove to be beneficial to communities, would be hampered if the to the land itself is not transferred.
		On the other hand, local leaderships in communities such as Tamarha and Mission may be focussed on obtaining control of the woodlots and the land with a view to treating these as community-owned property where the benefit of the income generated from commercial woodlot activities is used for community purposes.
		Transferring ownership of woodlots, whether the land is also transferred or not, has high potential to cause conflict between user-communities around the issues of management objectives, responsibilities and rights to access the woodlot resource and to receive both commercial and domestic benefits.
	www.mekonginfo.org /mrc/html/capetown/cape18.htm (4826 words)

	New Rules Project - Sports - Roots, Roots, Roots for the Home Team Executive Summary
		Communities are wondering why they should give the owner more than the team is worth simply to keep them local for another 10 to 20 years.
		Community ownership of professional sports teams is an idea with decades of successful experience.
		If this "mandated expansion" was extended to all supportive communities vacated by their teams, then owners itching to move would be forced to decide between increasing their team's value in the short term and the long-term consequence of decreased average team values caused by expanding the number of teams.
	www.newrules.org /resources/rootroots.html (1254 words)

	Community Child Care - Community Ownership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Community Ownership and Community Owned Children’s Services are fundamental to the development of a civil society and the maintenance of the highest quality, community shaped care.
		A system of standard setting has been created by Community Child Care, to help parents identify quality community owned and managed services, where they can share in shaping the focus of their service.
		This has involved the development of an enhanced quality rating system for child care services owned by the community sector, alongside a marketing/public relations strategy aimed at raising the profile of community ownership as a quality option for children and their families.
	www.cccinc.com.au /communityownership_whatis.htm (505 words)

	The Community Investment Corporation.
		The Community Investment Corporation is a keystone of a new private sector strategy for building livable and inspiring "new communities" in which every worker and resident would be afforded the right and the effective means to participate personally in capital ownership accumulations, in profits and in local decision-making.
		Community shareholders would gain their equity in the form of CIC shares from publicly donated land and access to low-cost capital credit to meet CIC financing needs and repayable with future CIC profits.
		Ownership eligibility for non-employees could be based solely on community participation or on residency alone or on a two- or three-level point system, using the per capita income of a household to determine the maximum "reward" it could earn.
	www.cesj.org /homestead/strategies/community/cic-full-nk.html (4605 words)

	[No title]
		The ownership interest of a cooperative unit owner is a composite interest, which consists of the owner's ownership interests in the association and his right to occupy a unit pursuant to a proprietary lease.
		In most condominium and planned communities, however, as in so-called "air rights" projects, ownership does not extend "from the center of the earth to the heavens" because units are stacked on top of units or units and common elements are interstratified.
		Specifically, the exemption in (a)(2) applies to "de minimus" planned communities, that is, communities, regardless of size, with very few common elements and "commonness" measured by the fact that the maximum annual common charges, exclusive of optional fees and insurance premiums, were once only $100 a year and are now $300 a year.
	www.law.upenn.edu /bll/ulc/fnact99/1990s/ucioa94.htm (14388 words)

	TomPaine.com - Consumer Versus Community
		Community development expert Griffith explains that the obsession with home ownership as the key to rebuilding communities is short-sighted.
		The Ownership Society is meant to be the 21st century response to The New Deal and the Great Society—programs where the government had a clear role in improving the lives of Americans. These programs had shortcomings, for sure, but they invoked collective work and responsibility.
		When the conversation turns to the ownership society, community, political and religious leaders should talk about the responsibility that homeowners have to their neighbors and how they can use their social capital and local standing to rebuild the communities around them.
	www.tompaine.com /articles/consumer_versus_community.php?dateid=20050331 (838 words)

	Community Asset Building- Home Page
		Many of the community institutions that we are familiar with, schools, churches, parks, bureaucracy, are already funded by the community.
		The form of ownership, nonprofit and cooperative, appears to serve as a surrogate for community ownership; the institution the asset.
		Community ownership models exist but may flounder for lack of appropriate organizational and technical assistance, scale, capital, and financing models.
	www.finir.org /comm_asset/ca_home.htm (1389 words)

	Tips & Tools
		When considering forms of home ownership if no homestead exemption is available, from an asset exemption standpoint, the results are the worst when property is owned as community property.
		Married couples who own property, such as a home or investments, in a community property state may want to consider converting the ownership to joint tenancy, at least where only one spouse will be incurring the majority of debts.
		It is also possible to remove the property from community property status so that each spouse owns one-half of the asset as his or her separate property, or jointly own the property in the tenants in common form of ownership.
	www.amsouth.com /smallbusiness/tips_and_tools/text/P12_2391.asp (445 words)

	Community and Public Ownership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		But 'community ownership' is used here to get away from preconceived ideas and political propaganda which have become associated with the other terms.
		Community owned enterprises were nationalised, that is taken into community ownership, for reasons connected with serving and protecting the community.
		Community ownership and nationalisation are essential ingredients of economic policy and must not be abused for the sake of private profit.
	www.solbaram.org /articles/clm506.html (3558 words)

	Community Benefit
		Community health initiatives are part of a cross-regional strategy for achieving a significant and measurable impact on the health of our communities by emphasizing:
		An approach to community engagement and community ownership that emphasizes doing this work with rather than for our communities, and that engages community residents and community-based organizations in each major phase of this work.
		A central underpinning of the CHI approach to community health improvement is the critical role of partnerships.
	xnet.kp.org /communitybenefit/chi (515 words)

	HB399 - UNIFORM COMMON INTEREST OWNERSHIP ACT - Campbell, Marsha
		Cooperatives are defined as a common interest community which owns real estate as an association and members are entitled to exclusive possession of a unit by reason of an ownership interest in the association.
		Planned communities are common interest communities that are not condominiums or cooperatives, although a condominium or cooperative may be a part of a planned community.
		Current rules on ownership interests and associations, voting rights, common interest rights, distribution of proceeds, bylaws, security interests, priority of interests, merger and consolidation of communities, and management of communities are expanded to include all three types of common interest communities.
	www.house.state.mo.us /bills97/bills97/HB399.htm (337 words)

	Practice Residency Guidelines
		A Community Pharmacy Practice Residency will assist practitioners in enhancing their skill level in the areas of patient care, ownership/ community pharmacy management, pharmacy education and project development.
		A variety of factors affecting community pharmacy, pharmacy education and the health care system indicate that a change in practice philosophy may be appropriate and inevitable.
		Community Pharmacy Practice Residencies equip pharmacists with advanced skills beyond the core educational skills set to prepare them to practice at advanced levels in the community setting.
	www.ncpanet.org /ownership/cpprguidelines.php (306 words)

	Institute for Local Self-Reliance - Media Coverage - Community Ownership Only Play Left in Playbook
		Well, the community owned Green Bay Packers are about to issue additional stock to raise $80 million to cover team expenses and an upgrade o their stadium.
		Zapp notes that without a retractable roof, and with the community gaining the revenue from naming rights and concessions, etc. the price tag of a stadium might be closer to $100 million than the $400 million the legislature has debated.
		Community ownership should be the centerpiece of such an approach.
	www.ilsr.org /columns/1997/110497.html (743 words)

	Community Ownership of Health Facilities: Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		impart appropriate skills to district and local community leaders on community labour-based approaches to rehabilitation and maintenance.
		From the outset, TEHIP did set aside a modest amount of funds to compliment those of the District authorities and communities to uplift the conditions of dilapidated dispensaries.
		The participation of local communities through setting out a complete work plan and a contribution of labor and materials in carrying out the essential rehabilitation and maintenance was the proposed strategy.
	gender-budgets.org /es/ev-8152-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (191 words)

	Private Community Title Ownership & Management - Zawya.com \| Middle East Business News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The 'private community title ownership and management' model developed by the Property Department at Al Tamimi and Company was first introduced into the UAE real estate market two years ago to provide a comprehensive solution to the newly launched 'freehold for all' projects that are now comfortably underway in their course of development.
		Master Community Declaration The Island development as a whole is referred to as the "Master Community", and in order for the Master Community to be efficiently managed and administered, a community declaration document ("Declaration") has been created.
		In the event that an owner of a Single Ownership Plot wishes to convert it to a Multi-Ownership Plot for resale of individual Units to third parties, the prior consent of UDC must be obtained.
	www.zawya.com /story.cfm?id=ZAWYA20040823104502 (1615 words)

	Community-Wealth.org: About C-W
		A wealth strategy aims at improving the ability of communities and individuals to increase asset ownership, anchor jobs locally, expand the provision of public services, and ensure local economic stability.
		There are also a number of community development efforts funded under other programs, such as the Community Development Block Grant ($4.7 billion in FY 2005) and the New Markets Tax Credit program, which is designed to provide $15 billion in tax credit financing for retail and commercial development over a period of seven years.
		Another increasingly common policy at the local level is inclusionary zoning, in which developers gain the right to build with higher than normal densities in exchange for setting aside a percentage of the units built for people with low or moderate incomes.
	www.community-wealth.org /about/faq.html (1300 words)

	Ownership: Summary
		Ownership is the right to possess something and to decide what is to be done with it.
		Ownership rights are based on man-made laws and there has been little, if any, grass-roots community-orientated participation in their drafting.
		Those who have accumulated ownership rights have only possession, which means they can use and apply ownership rights but may do so only on behalf of, and for the benefit of, the community and that they are accountable to the community for the way in which they do so.
	www.solbaram.org /teachings/owners.html (980 words)

	Learning is to Change: Community Ownership Ensures Sustainability.
		Issues: As part of Sonagachi projects' stated policy the ownership and management of the intervention Project was transferred to autonomous organisations formed exclusively by the sex workers and their children by the year 1999.
		The Project from the very beginning was responding positively towards the needs and demands of the sex workers incorporating literacy programme for the sex workers and their children, building cultural forum of the sex workers, and introducing small-savings schemes for sex workers.
		Ownership of the Project by the community has increased sex workers' efforts to make the Project sustainable and to continue with STI and HIV prevention among both male and female sex workers throughout West Bengal.
	gateway.nlm.nih.gov /MeetingAbstracts/102277979.html (277 words)

	Full Circle Online Interaction Blog: Community Ownership of Radio in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Where local shops can advertise their goods, where communities can not only take charge of news content but debate on issues such as health and education.
		Over two years after the policy on community radio was announced—the BJP government’s decision on December 18, 2002 confined it to universities and colleges for security reasons—the UPA government is planning to hand over the radio to the community.
		One of the reasons for bringing in a change in the policy, according to sources, was the lack of effective communication during the recent Tsunami disaster.
	fullcirc.com /weblog/2005/04/community-ownership-of-radio-in-india.htm (623 words)

	Community of Stelle, Illinois (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Currently comprised of 44 households, the community was founded in 1973 by The Stelle Group, a small not-for-profit organization, in order to create a supportive environment where individual human development would be a foremost priority.
		It was responsible for building the community and establishing many of the values which still impress visitors to Stelle.
		Emphasis on self-reliance and self-sufficiency manifests through community ownership and operation of water and sewage treatment plants as well as The Stelle Telephone Company, America's first completely solar powered telephone mutual.
	stellecommunity.com (584 words)

	Caithness CWS - Front Page Bulletins - October 2004 - Community Ownership
		The Highland Council today (Thursday) agreed to apply to join the Scottish Executive Community Ownership Programme, which commits the Council to pursuing the option of transferring the ownership and management of its stock of 15,500 Council houses to a new Highland not-for-profit landlord.
		In reaching their decision, the Council agreed to make Community Ownership a standing item on the agenda of the full council in the run up to the ballot; to consult very closely with tenants and to seek to ensure that the interests of Council staff are recognised during the transfer process.
		There should be a visible, binding commitment to support small scale transfers of ownership to local communities where these link with other community land ownership or management initiatives.
	www.caithness.org /fpb/october2004/communityownership.htm (676 words)

	Home Ownership \| Hope Community
		The development of Hope Community Court in the winter of 2003-04 featured 10 units of housing, six rental units and the first four homeownership units to be placed in the City of Lakes Community Land Trust.
		A Community Land Trust (CLT) works to provide permanently affordable housing to community members by owning the land, but selling the home on the land to a low-income buyer.
		The lease is the key to connecting the homeowner, usually a first-time homeowner, to the community, and to keeping the house permanently affordable.
	www.hope-community.org /housing/homeownership (206 words)

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