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Topic: Commuter railroads

	Railroads receive congressional support in quest to overhaul retirement system
		Railroads and rail unions expect higher returns on the invested money, thereby permitting improved benefits for employees and reduced taxes for the railroad companies.
		Railroads said the measure would lower payroll taxes for freight railroads, Amtrak and some commuter railroads by about $400 million a year once the new system is fully phased in.
		Railroads said the payroll-tax savings would help them boost returns on invested capital, which are still inadequate, and prepare for freight growth.
	www.globalaging.org /pension/us/private/railroadsretirementsystem.htm (417 words)

	FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION : PASSENGER RAIL
		The FRA addresses safety concerns in all phases of railroad operationsâ”through research, development, and demonstrations (RD&D), development of new regulations, and enforcement activities to ensure that railroads in the United States continue to be among the worldâs safest.
		Some of these commuter railroads operate on their own tracks and provide operating rights to freight railroads and Amtrak; others are tenants on trackage owned by freight railroads or Amtrak; and some have both arrangements.
		Of the total number of reportable railroad accidents in 2000, 38 percent were attributed to human factors causes, 36 percent to track defects, 12.5 percent to equipment failures, 2.3 percent to signals, and 12 percent to âmiscellaneousâ as in Table 1.3.1.
	www.fra.dot.gov /us/content/886 (3544 words)

	Commuter rail in North America - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Commuter rail services in the United States, Canada, and soon Mexico provide common carrier passenger transportation along railway tracks, with scheduled service on fixed routes on a non-reservation basis primarily for short-distance (local) travel between a central business district and adjacent suburbs and regional travel between cities of a conurbation.
		Commuter trains are typically connected to metro or bus services both at their destination and along their route to extend the range of accessibility.
		Commuter trains are usually powered by diesel-electric or electric locomotives, or in some cases use self-contained multiple units.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Commuter_rail_in_North_America (661 words)

	TESTIMONY OF THE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Last year, passengers took 411 million trips on our commuter railroads, and ridership was up 5.2 percent in the year 2000 – a year in which new operations were inaugurated in Seattle, Washington and Burlington, Vermont, and a major extension of the Dallas-Fort Worth Trinity Railway Express.
		Indeed, the 2,300 miles of commuter railroads in planning and the 1,100 miles under consideration may not be built unless we find an easier way for the freight railroads and passenger railroads to work together on rail access.
		In the railroad family, as well as the transportation community at large, all modes benefit as each mode is improved.
	www.house.gov /transportation/rail/04-25-01/millar.html (1790 words)

	GDOT- Commuter Rail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Commuter rail is the transportation system of choice for growing major metropolitan areas.
		People were shown an interactive video presentation about commuter rail and asked to compare it to their current trip downtown and decide if they would choose the train, or stay with their current way of traveling.
		While six lines are good candidates for commuter service, the cost and complexity of launching such a large network all at once make a good case for a staged approach over a 10- to 15-year period.
	www.dot.state.ga.us /dot/plan-prog/intermodal/rail/commuterrail.shtml (2608 words)

	Part 37 C 37.49 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On the passenger rail operations side of the equation, 50 percent of passenger boardings are attributable to Commuter A and 25 percent each to Commuter B and Amtrak.
		In this hypothetical, Commuter A is responsible for a total of 50 percent of the responsibility for the station.
		Commuter A is responsible for 25 percent of the responsibility because of its role as a station owner and another 25 percent because of its operation of passenger rail service through the station.
	www.adaportal.org /Transportation/DOT_TAM/Part_37_C_37_49.html (1138 words)

	ATLAS O - Product Reviews
		Comet II seating on most commuter railroads is three-two, with a fairly narrow aisle, accommodating 130 passengers.
		Underbody details on the prototype varies somewhat from railroad to railroad; Atlas O has modeled a configuration that is accurate for most of the commuter operations, and very close for the Amtrak version.
		The die-cast Atlas O couplers are mounted to the trucks in the same manner as most current passenger truck models, with the coupler swiveling on the truck to allow for tighter curves, and a flat metal activation plate in the center of the truck for magnetic uncoupling.
	www.atlaso.com /reviews/como.htm (2015 words)

	UTU: News
		The backlash from commuter railroads indicates that the damage to Amtrak from the crisis that culminated in a $200 million last-minute bailout by the federal government two weeks ago goes far beyond any short-term problem.
		Commuter rail contracts represented 13.7 percent of Amtrak's $2.1 billion revenue last fiscal year.
		Commuter railroads around major cities such as Los Angeles and Boston also are searching for alternatives to Amtrak.
	www.utu.org /worksite/detail_news.cfm?ArticleID=2368 (662 words)

	SMO: Transportation 01/05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For example, rail and transit (which cumulatively includes commuter rail, subways, buses, and light rail) is due to receive $150 million of federal funds for security initiatives in 2005, not including monies going to general transportation-security technology development.
		Commuter rail lines, which carry passengers between close-in suburbs and city centers, carried 414 million riders in 2002 (the latest year for which complete data was available), according to APTA.
		Railroads are reluctant to take the plunge into communications-based PTC until tests have been concluded and the results analyzed.
	www.securitymanagement.com /library/001698.html (4204 words)

	Commuters, Car Culture and the Jenny Plan
		One reason why this commuter railroad failed was the US Post Office taking the transportation of mail off the trains and putting it on trucks in the 1950's and 1960's.
		Another reason was the high cost to provide commuter service and its capital equipment: locomotives, passenger cars, passenger stations, maintenance facilities, etc. They were only used a few hours in the morning and again in the evening, the rest of the day and night (and on weekends) they sat idle.
		On passenger trains, railroads operated lots of equipment other than sleepers, coaches, dining cars, etc. This equipment was generally called 'head-end' equipment, these 'freight' cars were at one time plentiful and highly profitable for the railroads.
	www.lakemirabel.com /Railroad/commuters1.html (3037 words)

	1997 NAICS Definitions: 482 Rail Transportation
		Scenic and sightseeing rail transportation and street railroads, commuter rail, and rapid transit are not included in this subsector but are included in Subsector 487, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, and Subsector 485, Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, respectively.
		Commuter railroads operate in a manner more consistent with local and urban transit and are often part of integrated transit systems.
		This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating railroads (except street railroads, commuter rail, urban rapid transit, and scenic and sightseeing trains).
	www.census.gov /epcd/naics/NDEF482.HTM (300 words)

	SEPTA
		One of the earliest passenger train services was operated in 1832 by the Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railroad, which later became part of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Company, known by many as simply the Reading Railroad.
		Congress established Conrail in 1976 to take over the operations of several Northeast commuter railroads, including Pennsylvania (then known as Penn Central after a merger with New York Central in 1968) and Reading Railroads.
		In 1983, SEPTA took over commuter railroad in the Philadelphia region and began operating the Regional Rail system.
	www.septa.org /inside/history/commuter_rail.html (272 words)

	Council of State Governments - Eastern Regional Conference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Under the recommendations for the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), the budget proposal assumes the imposition of $59 million in fees on commuter railroads in the Northeast Corridor in each of FY 2006 and FY 2007 to support Amtrak operations.
		Freight railroads would be impacted if the administration succeeds in eliminating the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Finance (RRIF) loan guarantee program, which is designed to assist short lines and regional railroads with investment capital needs.
		Further budget documents state, “the railroads already received tax breaks in 2004, including relief from paying the 4.3-cent per gallon fuel excise tax.” Several ERC states have considered using RRIF funds to help fund critical rail projects.
	www.csgeast.org /page.asp?id=weeklytrans35 (866 words)

	COMMUTER RAILROADS OF THE PAST
		Several smaller commuter operations once existed in the Chicago area, but were eventually discontinued.
		Many of these lines ran to neighboring Indiana and Wisconsin, outside the present RTA and Metra service area, and thus where transit subsidies are not available.
		In 1979, with no local or state subsidy coming from within Indiana, an arrangement was made whereby Amtrak assumed responsibility for the service, even though commuter service had not normally been considered Amtrak's responsibility.
	hometown.aol.com /metrafan/disccomm.html (396 words)

	TIME.com: A Model of Inefficiency -- Aug. 8, 1969 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		That is certainly not the case with the commuter railroads of the East, which have been going from bad to horrendous.
		For some railroads, the only solution seems to be outright government own ership of the commuter lines.
		An M.T.A. executive admits that "The damn railroad is falling apart." Eugene Nickerson, the chief administrator of Long Island's populous Nassau County, last week asked President Nixon to declare Long Island a disaster area eligible for federal funds to improve L.I.R.R. service.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,941308,00.html (728 words)

	Destination : Freedom Newsletter - July 6, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Railroad president and CEO David Gunn – along with other railroad industry representatives – made new recommendations on June 29 “to address the growing needs and challenges of intercity rail service,” as the railroad’s press release put it.
		From the 1940s through the 1980s, freight railroads were losing business to the trucking industry, which caused the railroads to seek ways to shrink their physical plant to fit their diminishing business.
		Even though a significant amount of additional main line trackage was constructed, the railroads were still faced with the dilemma of trying to sustain on-time performance, maintaining the infrastructure, and extending their assets while being pressured to keep the tracks open while operating at, or close to, capacity.
	www.nationalcorridors.org /df/df07062004.shtml (10312 words)

	A North American overview - commuter railroads Railway Age - Find Articles
		Throughout North America, commuter rail has maintained its pace as the fastest growing segment of public mass transportation as existing systems continue to expand into new territory to meet growing demand, and new commuter rail services move from planning towards start-up.
		Two additional commuter rail extensions are proposed in a state-wide, 20-year transit plan released late last year, which recommended the establishment of services between New Haven and Hartford, and between Hartford and Waterbury.
		In northern New Jersey, NJT is carrying out several major commuter rail expansion projects under its "New Initiatives" program launched several years ago to expand capacity and to upgrade the quality of service.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1215/is_n11_v192/ai_11544693 (846 words)

	MTA - Commuter Rail Lines Accessibility
		If you are a daily or frequent commuter, you may opt to use the MailandRide program to receive your monthly LIRR or Metro-North Railroad commutation ticket at home automatically.
		Customers with disabilities who purchase tickets on board commuter railroad trains are not required to pay the usual service charge for on-board purchases.
		Many MTA commuter rail cars have designated seating for individuals with disabilities and senior citizens, as well as special wheelchair areas where the seats fold up to provide adequate floor space.
	www.mta.nyc.ny.us /mta/ada/rail.htm (1363 words)

	Commuter Rail, Light Rail & Rail Transit News
		Commuter railroad launches education, fencing, and enforcement efforts to increase safety.
		Commuter railroads operating with delays after record-setting two foot snowfall in NYC.
		Commuters and rail advocates debate merits of NJ Transit's $6B Hudson River tunnel.
	www.railserve.com /railnews/commuter_rail_transit.html (7253 words)

	K&LNG : Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Nicholson Graham LLP : Professionals : Kevin M. Sheys
		He represents freight and commuter railroads; public transit systems; railroad and transit equipment manufacturers, suppliers, service companies and state, municipal and special purpose transportation agencies.
		He has represented freight railroads, commuter railroads and rail transit systems in proceedings before the Federal Railroad Administration involving the scope and applicability of the federal railroad safety laws, regulatory waivers, agency rulemakings, compliance issues and penalty settlements.
		He has represented freight and commuter railroads (and their affiliates) in criminal and civil cases involving the scope and applicability of the railroad retirement and railroad unemployment insurance laws.
	www.klng.com /professionals/Detail.aspx?professional=836 (535 words)

	TIME.com: The Boston Experiment -- Jan. 11, 1963 -- Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Maybe the trouble with the big Eastern commuter railroads is that they charge too much and provide inadequate service.
		This week the Boston and Maine Railroad will launch a new drive to coddle com muters: the line will double its number of commuter trains, cut fares as much as 50%, and keep its cars (which are fairly clean as commuter trains go) spotless.
		Part of the grant money will also be used to reduce parking fees at outlying bus and subway stations to encourage commuters to use public transportation for the last stage of their daily journey into the car-clogged heart of Boston.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,873055,00.html (572 words)

	Quarterly Report: October - December 2000
		Bauer assured the Council that the railroad was on the verge of implementing a fix for the shoe-beam fires, pending the approval of the Federal Railroad Administration.
		The railroad officials assured the Council that the LIRR is doing everything possible to improve fire safety in the East River tunnels, including working with Amtrak on jointly-funded ongoing ventilation and stairway improvement work to be fully completed within the next five years.
		The railroad responded that East End service improvements are a good idea, but new through service cannot be implemented until main line capacity improvements are put in place further to the west, most especially East Side Access.
	www.pcac.org /reports/quarters/2000q4.htm (3435 words)

	2002 NAICS Definitions: 482 Rail Transportation
		Operating street railroads, commuter rail, and urban rapid transit systems--are classified in Industry Group 4851, Urban Transit Systems;
		Operating commuter rail systems--are classified in U.S. Industry 485112, Commuter Rail Systems.
		Operating railroads for the transport of passengers and/or cargo over a long distance--are classified in U.S. Industry 482111, Line-Haul Railroads.
	www.census.gov /epcd/naics02/def/NDEF482.HTM (469 words)

	Commuter Railroads Webring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The New York & Northern was part of a Bronx to Boston route with the New York & New England Railroad via Danbury and Hartford.
		An analysis of a early 1960's Ford Foundation study of commuting into Grand Central and what might be done to improve it.
		The National Corridors Initiative, Inc. is a private non-partisan, non-profit 501(c)3 organization that exists to support the development of rail infrastructure, including an integrated national transportation system that emphasizes rational transportation decisions.
	s.webring.com /hub?ring=commuterrailroad (596 words)

	FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION : FREIGHT RAILROADING
		Because SACP examinations look for root causes of systemic railroad problems, they can have far reaching affects on railroad safety.
		Appendix C contains the most recent letter report from the Committee summarizing its work over the past three years and providing both its recommendations and the FRA responses to them.
		HOME / Freight Railroading / Research & Development / Five Year Strategic Plan / table of contents
	www.fra.dot.gov /us/content/580 (3544 words)

	Prototype Railroads
		U.S.A. Federal Railroad Administration, an agency of the Dept.
		For 1994, the revenue threshold for Class 1 railroads was $255.9 million or more.
		Regionals are line-haul railroads operating at least 350 miles of road and/or earning between $40 million and the Class 1 threshold.
	www.carr.org /~drwhite/rr/usrail.htm (179 words)

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