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Topic: Compact star

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	Compact star - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astronomy, a compact star (sometimes called a compact object) is a star that is a white dwarf, a neutron star, an exotic star, or a fl hole.
		When a star has exhausted all its energy (stellar death) the gas pressure of the hot interior cannot support anymore of the weight of the star (the gravitational pull) and the star collapses to a denser state: a compact star.
		The star's pressure is insufficient to counterbalance gravity, and a catastrophic gravitational collapse occurs in milliseconds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compact_star (1421 words)

	Distortions Paper Ultracompact Star Trip Description with GIFs
		This neutron star must have an extremely soft equation of state [29] for its internal matter, the result of which is that the matter in the star is compressed enough to exhibit a photon sphere but not compressed enough to exhibit an event horizon.
		The star, called "ultracompact," [13] is considered to be non-rotating, so that gravity external to its surface is described by the Schwarzschild metric and the analysis given in Section II.
		As the motion of the viewer causes the star to move relatively from behind to in front of the viewer (crossing close to the opposite side of the neutron star), the secondary stellar image moves much faster, reaches it maximum brightness, and moves quickly (below the first sky Einstein ring) out of the picture.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /htmltest/gifcity/nslens_ul.html (1932 words)

	The Astrophysics Spectator: Compact Binary Stars as X-ray Sources
		The consequence of this compactness is that matter from the companion star flows to the surface of the compact star, usually through an accretion disk, converting gravitational potential energy into thermal energy, and then into electromagnetic radiation.
		Compact binary systems are subdivided into two groups: the cataclysmic variables, which contain a degenerate dwarf, and the x-ray binaries, which contain a neutron star or a fl-hole candidate.
		For neutron stars, about half of the gravitational potential energy is released as matter flows through the accretion disk, and the remainder is released when the matter falls from the accretion disk into the neutron star's atmosphere.
	www.astrophysicsspectator.com /topics/observation/XRayBinaryStars.html (1351 words)

	The Astrophysics Spectator: Compact Binary Stars
		The fusion-powered star is experiencing Roche lobe overflow, and because it is always less massive than the accreting object, the flow of gas to the compact star is stable.
		If the donor star is a helium burning star or a degenerate dwarf, the flow of gas from it to the compact object occurs for a much smaller separation than for a hydrogen-burning star.
		Because the more massive star is the star that undergoes a supernova, one expects the binary system to become unbound unless the companion star is nearly the same mass as the star experiencing the supernova.
	www.astrophysicsspectator.com /topics/stars/BinaryCompact.html (1407 words)

	Columbia Team Is First To Weigh Neutron Star By Measuring X-Rays From Innermost Orbit
		The results are the first evidence for the existence of unstable orbits close to a compact star as predicted by general relativity.
		Neutron stars have masses similar to that of the sun but diameters of only a few kilometers; they are thought to consist entirely of densely packed neutrons and other elementary particles.
		The neutron stars weighed in previous studies, which used radio waves rather than X-rays, were all found to weigh 1.4 times as much as the sun, a result thought to indicate the birth weight of neutron stars.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1997-05/CU-CTIF-290597.php (650 words)

	Young Star Probably Ejected
		The VLA data were used to track the orbit of the smaller Southern star around the larger Southern object, presumed to be a pair of stars orbiting each other closely.
		If a young star is ejected from the system in which it was born, it would be cut off from the supply of gas and dust it needs to gain more mass, and thus its development would be abruptly halted.
		T Tauri, the "Northern" star in this system, is a famous variable star, discovered in October of 1852 by J.R. Hind, a London astronomer using a 7-inch diameter telescope.
	www.nrao.edu /pr/2003/stareject (652 words)

	Neutron stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The strongest inferred neutron star fields are nearly a hundred trillion times stronger than Earth's fields, and even the feeblest neutron star magnetic fields are a hundred million times Earth's, which is a hundred times stronger that any steady field we can generate in a laboratory.
		If part of the companion star's envelope is close enough to the neutron star, the neutron star's gravitational attraction on that part of the envelope is greater than the companion star's attraction, with the result that the gas in the envelope falls onto the neutron star.
		However, since the neutron star is tiny, astronomically speaking, the gas has too much angular momentum to fall on the star directly and therefore orbits around the star in an accretion disk.
	www.astro.umd.edu /~miller/nstar.html (6472 words)

	[14.03] Compact Star Clusters in Nearby Irregular Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Here we examine compact star clusters in irregular galaxies in order to learn what conditions are necessary for the formation of populous and super-star clusters.
		We note that super-star clusters often are surrounded by additional compact clusters of similar age, suggesting that the formation of the super-star cluster occurred in a large star-forming complex with several compact star clusters as part of the debris of star formation.
		This is consistent with previous results suggesting that dwarf galaxies form stars only in localized regions of high gas column density, where the pressure is sufficient to allow a cool phase of gas to exist in equilibrium, and where self-gravity is strong.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v33n4/aas199/649.htm (294 words)

	NASA - Black Hole
		To prove that a compact object is a fl hole, scientists would have to measure effects that only a fl hole could produce.
		Astronomers believe that a number of binary star systems contain fl holes for two reasons: (1) Each system is a source of intense and variable X rays.
		The star's motion has led astronomers to conclude that an object several million times as massive as the sun must lie inside the star's orbit.
	www.nasa.gov /worldbook/blackhole_worldbook.html (837 words)

	APOD Index - Stars: Binary Stars
		In a binary system, the higher mass star will evolve faster and will eventually become a compact object - either a white dwarf star, a neutron star, or fl hole.
		Mizar is the middle star in the handle of the Big Dipper and at a distance of 88 light years, was the first binary star system
		But, the companions are too close to be directly observed as separate stars, even by the largest telescopes.
	zuserver2.star.ucl.ac.uk /~apod/apod/binary_stars.html (524 words)

	Astrophysicists Discover 'Compact Jets' From Neutron Star
		By Kim McDonald and Linda Vu Compact jets that shoot matter into space in a continuous stream at near the speed of light have long been assumed to be a unique feature of fl holes.
		A neutron star X-ray binary system occurs when a normal star orbits a dead star that is so dense all of its atoms have collapsed into neutrons, hence the name “neutron star.” The normal star circles the neutron star the same way Earth orbits the Sun.
		However, because the compact jets of a neutron star can be more than 10 times fainter than those of a fl hole, using a radio telescope to observe a neutron star's jet would take many hours of observations.
	ucsdnews.ucsd.edu /newsrel/science/compactjets06.asp (624 words)

	Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs Key Product Criteria : ENERGY STAR
		To qualify for ENERGY STAR, CFLs must have a minimum rated lifetime of 6,000 hours or greater; the current average rated lifetime for ENERGY STAR qualified CFLs is 8,000 hours.
		ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent light bulbs and lamp systems shall comply as applicable with the labeling requirements of the US Federal Trade Commission and the EMI requirements of the US Federal Communications Commission.
		Self-ballasted Compact Fluorescent Lamp: A compact fluorescent lamp unit that incorporates, permanently enclosed, all elements that are necessary for the starting and stable operation of the lamp, and which does not include any replaceable or interchangeable parts.
	www.energystar.gov /index.cfm?c=cfls.pr_crit_cfls (998 words)

	Mass Exchange in X-ray Binary Star Systems
		The Roche-lobe is the location between the two stars in a binary where the gravitational pull from one star is equal and opposite that of the other star.
		The compact object captures a fraction of the wind and converts the potential energy of the accreted plasma into X-rays.
		A Be star is a B star which rotates so rapidly that an instability results via which material streams out from the equatorial plane and an expanding atmosphere is formed.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l2/mass_exchange.html (616 words)

	Populations of X-ray Sources and the Dynamical History of their Host Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		However, these binary systems are unusual in that one of the stars is very compact and very dense, being either a fl hole or a neutron star.
		The X-ray emission arises because the gravitational attraction of the compact star is pulling matter off the ordinary star and this matter is heated hot enough to emit X-rays as it falls onto the compact star.
		The breaks seen in the brightness distributions of sources in the elliptical galaxies and in the bulges of spiral galaxies are caused either by aging of the X-ray populations or by a larger number of neutron stars relative to the number of fl holes in the X-ray binaries.
	www.physics.usyd.edu.au /annrep2001/xray.htm (560 words)

	Amazon.com: Star Wars, Episode IV - A New Hope (The Original Radio Drama): Books: Ltd. Lucasfilm,National Public Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Star Wars, Episode IV - A New Hope (The Original Radio Drama) by Ltd.
		Yes, Star Wars' visual effects are a big part of the magic of the saga, but the heart and soul of George Lucas' galaxy far, far away are the characters and the storyline.
		It tells us how Princess Leia acquired the Death Star plans....and what, exactly, happened to her during her interrogation aboard the Empire's battle station...(it is an interesting scene, but not for the squeamish, by the way).
	www.amazon.com /Star-Wars-Episode-IV-Original/dp/1565110056 (1746 words)

	Preon star - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A preon star is a hypothetical compact star made of preons, a group of theoretical subatomic particles that may compose quarks and leptons.
		A preon star having the same mass as Earth would be about five meters in diameter.
		Preon stars could originate from supernova explosions or the big bang, although it seems difficult to explain how such light and compact objects could be formed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Preon_star (171 words)

	SPACE.com -- Astronomers Take Measure of City-Sized Neutron Star
		This animation illustrates the accretion flow, with gas from a large companion star swirling around a tiny neutron star, attracted by the neutron star's gravity.
		Astronomers have analyzed X-ray light coming from a super-heavy object called a neutron star well enough to more accurately depict the stars dimensions and confirm that theories about the objects are on track.
		Neutron stars are thought to be composed almost entirely of neutrons, subatomic particles able to huddle close together on the verge of normal physics.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/neutron_star_021106.html (665 words)

	SPACE.com -- Cosmic Limbo: Star Drained of Matter, Identity
		An artist's conception of the donor star (right) as it began losing mass some 500 million years ago to a very compact but more massive white dwarf star (left).
		The star at the time of this illustration is much brighter than today, now that it's a mere vestige of its former self.
		But it snuggled too close to a much more massive object, a compact star called a white dwarf that is also in the twilight of its existence.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/star_drained_041006.html (627 words)

	Stellar Evolution and Death -- Rejuvenation of White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes cont. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Friction slows the matter's orbital motion, which causes the matter to spiral through the disk down to the surface of the compact star.
		The falling and spiraling of the matter toward the compact star releases large amounts of gravitational energy and heats the accretion disk.
		The final impact on the compact star releases additional energy, heats the star's surface, and, in some instances, triggers renewed nuclear burning.
	observe.arc.nasa.gov /nasa/space/stellardeath/stellardeath_4cont.html (301 words)

	black-holes.org—Compact Binaries of Black Holes, Neutron Stars, and White Dwarfs
		They can be in any combination: a Neutron Star with a Black Hole; a Black Hole with another Black Hole; a White Dwarf with a Neutron Star; etc. Because these stars are compact, and have very intense gravity, they can stir up spacetime very well.
		If the Earth were to come too close to a compact star, the same forces that give us tides on the ocean would become so strong that the Earth would be torn to pieces.
		A compact binary would form as a result of the chance encounter of two compact stars.
	www.black-holes.org /gwa2-4.html (671 words)

	GE Consumer & Industrial Lighting: Products: GE Lighting ENERGY STAR Program
		ENERGY STAR qualified bulbs are the same or better than standard bulbs, only they use less energy.
		When you choose a GE Lighting product that has earned the ENERGY STAR label, you can trust that it meets strict energy efficiency guidelines set by the EPA and the Department of Energy.
		The ENERGY STAR® Change a Light, Change the World campaign is an annual challenge during October and November for all Americans to switch to ENERGY STAR® qualified lighting products.
	www.gelighting.com /na/home_lighting/products/energy_star.htm (418 words)

	Fridolin Weber's Home Page
		Strangeness in Neutron Stars, 2005 2nd Joint Meeting of the Nuclear Physics Divisions of the APS and The Physical Society of Japan, Sunday-Thursday, September 18-22, 2005; Maui, Hawaii.
		A. Torres i Cuadrat and F. Weber, "Compact Star Properties revised with Color Superconducting Phases of Quark Matter: Implications on Rotation and Emission", Proceedings of the 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, August 3-10, 2005, Pune, India.
		F. Weber, "Neutron Stars and Quark Stars", Proceedings of the KIAS-APCT International Symposium in Astro-Hadron Physics on Compact Stars: Quest For New States of Dense MatterÂ¡, November 10-14, 2003, Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Korea, World Scientific, ISBN 981-238-954-7, (2005) 128.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~fweber (1099 words)

	Compact Star Time Scales (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A major goal of RXTE is to investigate the fastest timing signals from compact stars, especially neutron stars and fl holes.
		Signals have now been found from many (at least nine) low mass X-ray binaries containing neutron stars in the frequency range (100-1200 Hz) expected for the rotation period of the neutron star after being spun up by accretion over a long period.
		It is consistent with our beliefs that no fl hole candidate has shown the same complex of signals, although at least one QPO frequency of a few hundred Hz could be expected in fl hole candidates by analogy to the 67 Hz observed from GRS 1915+105.
	protostar.aas.org.cob-web.org:8888 /publications/baas/v28n4/aas189/abs/S052002.html (297 words)

	Sun.Star Cebu - Compact of cooperation for the 12th Asean summit
		Sun.Star Cebu - Compact of cooperation for the 12th Asean summit
		Compact of cooperation for the 12th Asean summit
		Recognizing these as truths, we thereby resolve to uphold with conviction the cooperation among ourselves for the peaceful and participatory conduct of the Asean summit and the parallel gathering of civil society.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/ceb/2006/11/11/oped/dossier.html (222 words)

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