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| | Comparative anatomy Summary |
 | | At the graduate level, courses in biomechanics, comparative vertebrate anatomy, comparative physiology, mathematical and computer modeling, and advanced mechanics are necessary preparation for functional morphology, and the student will also specialize in an area, such as fish feeding behaviors or the mechanics of shark movement. |
 | | Thus, by comparing the anatomy of these organisms, scientists have determined that birds and dragonflies do not share a common evolutionary ancestor, or that, in an evolutionary sense, they are closely related. |
 | | When comparing anatomy of two organisms, presence of a structure in one and a related, although vestigial structure in the other is evidence that the organisms share a common evolutionary ancestor and that, in an evolutionary sense, they are relatively closely related. |
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