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Topic: Comparative genomic hybridization

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	Biopharmaceutical glossaries & terminology
		Comparative genome mapping in the sequence- based era: early experience with human chromosome 7, JW Thomas et.
		A genome map in which STSs are positioned relative to one another on the basis of the frequency with which they are separated by radiation-induced breaks.
		In their paper, the International Human Genome Mapping Consortium describe how they constructed the first whole- genome physical map, how they created the templates from which the genome was sequenced and demonstrated how the map was essential for the accurate assembly of the human genome by the publicly funded effort.
	www.genomicglossaries.com /content/printpage.asp?REF=/content/maps_glossary.asp (5904 words)

	Comparative genomic hybridization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a molecular-cytogenetic method for the analysis of copy number changes (gains /losses) in the DNA content of tumor cells.
		The method is based on the hybridization of fluorescently labeled tumor (frequently Fluorescein - FITC) and normal DNA (frequently Rhodamine or Texas Red) to normal human metaphase preparations.
		CGH is capable of detecting loss, gain and amplification of the copy number at the levels of chromosomes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comparative_genomic_hybridization (433 words)

	Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) - Patent 5665549
		Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) employs the kinetics of in situ hybridization to compare the copy numbers of different DNA or RNA sequences from a sample, or the copy numbers of different DNA or RNA sequences in one sample to the copy numbers of the substantially identical sequences in another sample.
		CGH permits the comparison of nucleic acid sequence copy frequencies of any two or more genomes, even genomes of different species if their nucleic acid sequences are sufficiently complementary to allow for meaningful interpretation.
		The kinetics of the CGH hybridizations are complicated.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5665549.html (16379 words)

	Automated Screening for Genomic Imbalances using Matrix-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Analysis of chromosomal imbalances by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) (Du Manoir et al, 1993; Joos et al, 1993; Kallioniemi et al, 1992) has greatly contributed to the current knowledge of genomic alterations associated with constitutional and sporadic genetic diseases (Forozan et al, 1997; Knuutila et al, 1998, 1999; Zitzelsberger et al, 2001).
		One strategy to improve the hybridization efficiency is elevation of the hybridization temperature and simultaneous decrease of formamide (or increase of salt) concentration to adjust for the stringency of the reaction (Solinas-Toldo et al, 1997).
		CGH to metaphase chromosome spreads was performed according to standard protocols (Lichter et al, 1995 and references therein).
	www.nature.com /labinvest/journal/v82/n1/full/3780394a.html (6516 words)

	Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization
		The basic strategy of the technique is to use genomic DNA from cancer cells labeled with one fluorochrome and genomic DNA from normal reference cells labeled with a second fluorochrome and co-hybridize the labeled samples to a metaphase spread from a normal reference cell (4).
		Array CGH is a flexible platform that allows researchers to manipulate their genomic analysis with probe design and to perform high-throughput genetic analysis of tumor samples leading to a better understanding of the genetic causes of these cancers.
		Genomic copy number analysis of non-small cell lung cancer using array comparative genomic hybridization: implications of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~brenner/gene144-05/amiel.html (2571 words)

	Prostate MP at NCI, Comparative Genomic Hybridization
		Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a fairly new molecular cytogenetic technique that allows detection of DNA sequence copy number changes throughout the genome in a single hybridization.
		Regions of the genome that are either gained or lost in the tumor are indicated by the differences between binding of the two labeled DNAs as evidenced by the fluorescence intensity ratio profiles.
		Several CGH studies on prostate cancer have been published, e.g., loss of 6q, 8p, 13q, and 16q, as well as gains of 7p, 7q, 8q and Xq, have been found to be common alterations in prostate cancer.
	cgap-mf.nih.gov /Protocols/DNARNAProteomicAnalysis/DNA/CGH.html (406 words)

	Analysis and Visualization of Microarray Data for Comparative Genomic Hybridization Experiments
		The availability of whole genome sequence data for a variety of organisms has allowed the development of custom DNA microarrays that include every gene in the genomic sequence of an organism (full genome microarrays).
		Comparative Genomics Hybridization (CGH) can be used to assess genomic variation among different strains of the genome which has been printed on the DNA microarray.
		In CGH experiments, differentially labelled genomic DNA fragments from a tester and a control strain of an organism are competitively hybridized to a full genome microarray based on the control strain.
	www.iscb.org /ismb2004/posters/Wendy.FindlayATnrc-cnrc.gc.ca_1026.html (274 words)

	NimbleGen Systems, Inc. - Comparative Genomic Hybridization
		Whole-genome CGH measures copy number differences in DNA across entire genomes, while fine-tiling CGH determines breakpoints at ultrahigh resolution in DNA targets located in any subset of DNA (either a contiguous region or many different regions of interest).
		NimbleGen CGH arrays are always current with the latest genome builds, so there’s no need to put your experiments on hold for a new array CGH design.
		NimbleGen array CGH is a significant advance over current array CGH methods for the detection of DNA copy number changes and mapping of the associated breakpoints.
	www.nimblegen.com /products/cgh (1044 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Genomic alterations identified by array comparative genomic hybridization as prognostic ...
		Genomic alterations identified by array comparative genomic hybridization as prognostic markers in tamoxifen-treated estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
		Hybridization was performed in slide chambers for 48 hours at 37°C. After post-hybridization washes, arrays were rinsed, spin-dried, and scanned into two 16-bit TIFF image files using a GenePix 4200 A two-color fluorescent scanner (Axon Instruments), and individual spots were analyzed with GenePix Pro 3.0 imaging software (Axon Instruments).
		To identify genomic alterations that are associated with disease recurrence, we first compared the gain and loss frequencies between the Recurrence and Non-recurrence groups.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2407/6/92 (5905 words)

	Comparative Genomic Hybridization \| Science \| Avalon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), a technique industrialized by Avalon, involves the hybridization of differentially-labeled total genomic tumor and normal DNA.
		The application of CGH allows the identification of aberrant regions of interest, and allows the rapid identification of novel cancer genes.
		Combining the strengths of SKY, CGH and other related technologies gives Avalon an unparalleled ability to detect non-random gene alterations in given tumor types, enabling the Company to identify and validate candidate biomarkers for the disease as well as prognostic and diagnostic markers and druggable targets.
	www.avalonrx.com /science/hybridization.html (171 words)

	Comparative Genomic Hybridization - New York Eye & Ear Infirmary
		To identify specific alterations in genomic hybridization relevant to disease progression.
		This project utilizes tumor DNA to perform a comparative analysis of cancer to normal tissue.
		Genetic differences detected by comparative genomic hybridization in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas from different tumor sites: Construction of oncogenetic trees for tumor progression.
	www.nyee.edu /oto-research-hn-genomic-hybridization.html?print=1 (167 words)

	Fractional Genomic Alteration Detected by Array-Based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Independently Predicts Survival ...
		Array-based comparative genomic hybridization for the differential diagnosis of renal cell cancer.
		Prognostic significance of recurrent chromosomal aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridization in sporadic colorectal cancer.
		Genome characteristics of primary carcinomas, local recurrences, carcinomatoses, and liver metastases from colorectal cancer patients.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/11/5/1791 (4386 words)

	Chromosomal Aberrations by Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Hurthle Cell Thyroid Carcinomas Are Associated with ...
		Chromosomal Aberrations by Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Hurthle Cell Thyroid Carcinomas Are Associated with Tumor Recurrence -- Wada et al.
		CGH and correlated the presence of chromosomal aberrations with
		Chromosomal aberrations by CGH in 13 Hürthle cell thyroid carcinomas (A) and 15 Hürthle cell thyroid adenomas (B).
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/87/10/4595 (3805 words)

	PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction glossary & taxonomy
		CGH is based on co- hybridization of differentially labeled tumor and normal DNA to human metaphase chromosomes.
		This competitive hybridization is possible because fluorescent dyes with different emission spectra can be used on different samples, allowing samples tagged with the various dyes to be discriminated in imaging.
		However, many DNA sequences arising from extinct organisms and ancient genomes [including from a Neanderthal, the late Neolithic "Iceman", Egyptian mummies, woolly mammoths, a quagga, a moa and medieval French rabbits] are in the database today, and the number is expected to grow as technology for the extraction and amplification of aged DNA progresses.
	www.genomicglossaries.com /content/gene_amplification_pcr_gloss.asp (5929 words)

	Construction and optimization of chromosome arm-specific comparative genomic hybridization arrays for identifying ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Construction and optimization of chromosome arm-specific comparative genomic hybridization arrays for identifying genetic alterations in preinvasive lung cancers
		The accumulation of genetic alterations is known to parallel lung cancer development, Array based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) offers the potential for screening DNA samples for the deletion and amplification of chromosomal regions at a resolution 10 to 50 times greater than that of conventional comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) methodologies.
		High-resolution CGH array technology facilitates the fine mapping of known alterations and the discovery of novel alterations in lung cancer.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_5_125/ai_n6151012 (478 words)

	CGH - Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis and Capture System
		Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is already a powerful tool for whole genome analysis but we’ve taken it a step further by improving the resolution.
		The value of CGH analysis in the study of cancer is well known.
		High resolution CGH can test the entire genome of a patient.
	www.aicorp.com /products/01cgh.htm (366 words)

	Genetic abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization in a human endometriosis-derived cell line -- ...
		Genetic abnormalities detected by comparative genomic hybridization in a human endometriosis-derived cell line -- Gogusev et al.
		CGH was performed with DNA extracted from the early passages
		Representative comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) profiles of chromosomes on which DNA copy number changes occurred in the original ovarian endometrioma tissue.
	molehr.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/6/9/821 (4229 words)

	Comparative Genomic Hybridization
		The intensity of dendrimer signal on the microarray slides was lower than expected for the initial slides hybridized.
		We nanodropped DNA about to be used for hybridization that had already been tagged and purified (DNA had gone through step 48 in Ryan's protocol).
		Acknowledgements: We would like to thank Dr. Campbell for his guidance, A. Jacqueline Ryan for her protocol and recommendations, and last year's Genomics class for their papers guiding us in the RTPCR process.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /courses/bio343/Rockstars_Webpage/CGH.html (647 words)

	Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) - US Patent 5856097 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Brock et al., "Quantitative in situ Hybridization Reveals Extent of Sequence Homology between Related DNA Sequences in Drosophila melanogaster," Chromosoma, vol.
		Fisher et al, "Molecular Hybridization Under Conditions of High Stringency Permits Cloned DNA Segments Containing Reiterated DNA Sequences to be Assigned to Specific Chromosomal Locations," PNAS, USA, vol.
		Lichter et al, "Fluorescence in situ Hybridization with Alu and L1 Polymerase Chain Reaction Probes for Rapid Characterization of Human Chromosomes in Hybrid Cell Lines," PNAS Sci.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/5856097.html (3470 words)

	Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of Genomic Alterations in Breast Cancer Subtypes -- Loo et al. 64 ...
		genomic hybridization methods (1, 2, 35, 36, 37, 38).
		Courjal F, Theillet C Comparative genomic hybridization analysis of breast tumors with predetermined profiles of DNA amplification.
		Buerger H, Otterbach F, Simon R, et al Comparative genomic hybridization of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: evidence of multiple genetic pathways.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/23/8541 (5794 words)

	Dr. Felix Breden
		Now that genomic and molecular genetic tools are becoming increasingly available for model evolutionary systems, I have expanded my research to include this level of analysis.
		The main goals of my recently submitted NSERC operating grant renewal are to extend this research, connecting variation in genomic sequences and gene expression to phenotypic variation in color perception and female preferences.
		The genomic resources available for medaka (fully annotated genome sequence, high-density microsatellite map, transgenics) will allow us to discover the genes underlying these vertebral deformities, and we are conducting our first low-density QTL search this semester.
	www.sfu.ca /biology/faculty/breden (2732 words)

	Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Loss of Heterozygosity Analyses Identify a Common Region of Deletion at ...
		Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Loss of Heterozygosity Analyses Identify a Common Region of Deletion at 15q11.1-15 in Human Malignant Mesothelioma -- Balsara et al.
		Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Loss of Heterozygosity Analyses Identify a Common Region of Deletion at 15q11.1–15 in Human Malignant Mesothelioma
		CGH analysis was performed on 24 MM cell lines.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/59/2/450 (3553 words)

	UNSW Embryo- Prenatal Diagnosis- Comparative Genomic Hybridization
		This new test under development is based upon microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH).
		The test compares regions of fetal DNA that deviate from this "pattern" due to either too much or too little DNA, alterations reflect regions of the genome that are either copied or deleted.
		Identification of disease genes by whole genome CGH arrays.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /Defect/CGH.htm (666 words)

	Comparative Genomics Program - PFGRC
		The PFGRC conducts research studies in the field of comparative genomics.
		These studies generally compare the sequence and/or genome content of large collections of closely related species and strains.
		In addition, the PFGRC is exploring the use of novel DNA signature elements for the purposes of pathogen detection and diagnosis.
	pfgrc.tigr.org /programs/programs_cgh.shtml (533 words)

	Comparative genomic hybridization findings in a primary...
		Comparative genomic hybridization findings in a primary and corresponding metastatic collecting duct carcinoma
		AIM: We studied and compared genomic abnormalities detected in primary and metastatic collecting duct carcinoma.
		METHODS: Comperative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) of primary and metastatic case of 61 year old patient.
	www.cancerprev.org /Journal/Issues/22/101/4/2438 (188 words)

	Biopharmaceutical bibliography
		Part of the Genomics and its impact on Medicine and Society, 2003 http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/publicat/primer2001/index.shtml
		Human Genome Variation Society, Nomenclature for the description of sequence variation, 2007 http://www.genomic.unimelb.edu.au/mdi/mutnomen/
		Science glossaries Science "Functional Genomics Resources": Educational resources: A guide to some useful online glossaries http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/plus/sfg/education/glossaries.shtml Categories cover genetics and genomics, general biology and molecular biology, post-genomics biotech and bioinformatics, medical genomics and specific organisms.
	www.genomicglossaries.com /content/bibliography.asp (2532 words)

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