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Topic: Comparative linguistics

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Semitic languages

Latin influence in English

	Research team Linguistics: French, Italian and Comparative Linguistics
		Comparing a spoken migrant Italian variety in belgium with spoken Italian in Italy: a corpus-based s...
		The linguistic repertoire of Italian immigrants in Flanders (Limburg).
		Comparative analysis of the subjunctive in Romance complement clauses, based on an empirical-typolog...
	www.kuleuven.ac.be /research/researchdatabase/researchteam/50518146.htm (402 words)

	Comparative linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Comparative linguistics (originally comparative philology) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages in order to establish their historical relatedness.
		The fundamental technique of comparative linguistics is the comparative method, which aims to compare phonological systems, morphological systems, syntax and the lexicon.
		Contrastive linguistics compares languages usually with the aim of assisting language learning by identifying important differences between the learner's native and target languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comparative_linguistics (859 words)

	Linguistics at Swarthmore
		Linguistics has three primary components: the sounds of language, the forms of language, and the meanings of language.
		Historical and comparative linguistics examines the evolution of all three components of language, although most work in historical and comparative linguistics tends to concentrate on phonology and morphology.
		Linguistics is at once a discipline in itself and the proper forum for interdisciplinary work of any number of types.
	www.swarthmore.edu /SocSci/Linguistics/home.html (498 words)

	Linguistics Undergrad Program at Duke University Page
		Linguists work at the intersection of these issues and define linguistics as the science of language and languages.
		They are devised to provide depth and breadth in linguistic theory, the different schools of linguistics, the history and development of linguistic thought, and the interdisciplinary aspects of linguistics in the context of languages and cultures.
		LINGUIST 190 taken in the fall of the senior year, is devoted to development of the honors thesis and includes close supervision of the writing stage of the project by a faculty member selected by the student.
	www.duke.edu /web/linguistics/undergrad.htm (841 words)

	Linguistics
		The role of a linguist when studying a modern language is to analyse the speech one or more native speakers of that language.
		Comparative linguistics is the study of language as it varies from place to place, from speaker to speaker, and from one period to another.
		Comparative linguists would like to be able to state how language first developed and to describe the conditions that led to its invention.
	library.thinkquest.org /26890/linguisticst.htm (339 words)

	Historical linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At first historical linguistics was comparative linguistics and mainly concerned with establishing language families and the reconstruction of prehistoric languages, using the comparative method and internal reconstruction.
		Comparative linguistics is now, however, only a part of a more broadly conceived discipline of historical linguistics.
		In practice, a purely synchronic linguistics is not possible for any period before the invention of the gramophone: written records always lag behind speech in reflecting linguistic developments, and in any case are difficult to date accurately before the development of the modern title page.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Historical-comparative_linguistics (627 words)

	Courses Page
		Topics include the origin and nature of language, methods of historical and comparative linguistics, theories and schools of linguistics, empirical and descriptive approaches to the study of language, including phonology, morphology, semantics, and syntax.
		Examination of linguistic structures and their psychological "reality," language and cognition, biological bases, animal communication, language pathologies, nonverbal communication, linguistic universals, and bilingualism.
		Diachronic and synchronic approaches to the study of comparative linguistics in phonology, morphology, morphophonemic, syntax, and lexical categories in the context of the world's languages.
	www.duke.edu /web/linguistics/courses.htm (2593 words)

	eHistLing - Pre English
		The novel method was based on comparing actual languages on the base of their phonetic similarities and then working out a regularity in the differences that they exhibit.
		Comparative linguists considered languages as being "organisms of nature; they have never been directed to the will of man; they rose and developed themselves according to definite laws; they grew old, and died out.
		In the 1870s the methodology of comparative linguistics finally was tightened by a group of scholars from the university of Leipzig, who called themselves Neogrammarians (Junggrammatiker).
	www.ehistling-pub.meotod.de /01_lec01.php (844 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.338: State of Comparative Linguistics
		To me, in fact, what we do when we do comparative grammar is not very different in general outline from what we do when we do descriptive grammar: in the latter we collect speech fragments from native speakers as basic data, and set out to write grammars which account for these data.
		Unfortunately, general historical linguists are not in a position to recognize the depths of the issues which specialists encounter.
		After Darwin, the pseudo-scientific "genetic" terminology was grafted onto the linguistic tree notion, and, of course, all kinds of racist implications were then attached to it, some of which still remain as an "empty" racism without the added notion of "natural superiority".
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-338.html (2988 words)

	FIU Linguistics Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Linguistics at Florida International University offers a master's and a certificate program with courses taught through the departments of English and Modern Languages.
		Miami's unique linguistic situation contributes to an academic environment in which the study of the nature of language becomes relevant on a daily basis.
		The M.A. in Linguistics is based on a strong core of courses in the traditional areas of linguistics (phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and historical) with an additional emphasis on creole studies, language acquisition, sociolinguistics, English linguistics, and Romance linguistics.
	www.fiu.edu /~linguist (1246 words)

	Linguistics, Philology, and Phonetics: graduate courses
		Linguistics at Oxford is an interdisciplinary subject, with teaching and research staff distributed amongst various faculties.
		Linguistics, Comparative Philology and Phonetics all belong to the Humanities Division, one of the five divisions which are responsible for teaching and research in the University, but also have close links with the Social Sciences Division, the Medical Sciences Division (including Psychology) and the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Division (including Computer Sciences and Engineering).
		The Committee for Comparative Philology, Linguistics and Phonetics is responsible for administering all graduate degrees in Linguistics, Comparative Philology and Phonetics.
	www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk /pages/graduate.html (2962 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.343: State of Comparative Linguistics
		I am not aware of any Semitic linguists who subscribe to the position of the principal author of this work (Giovanni Garbini), who over some 50 years developed an idiosyncratic position regarding the history and development of the Semitic languages involving waves of "amorreizzazione" (or something like that).
		The comparative linguists cannot be blamed for the superficiality and incomprehension of the science reporters who are sent to cover their debates with no background or preparation--and who when presented with the requisite information ignore it anyway.
		If linguistics has a problem, it is that many of its practitioners entered the field through the medium of literature rather than from a "hard science".
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-343.html (2277 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.499: State of Comparative Linguistics
		This contrast fundamentally reflects how linguistic knowledge is accepted and thus the position of the entire discipline of comaprative linguistics.
		My point is this: Despite the fact that linguistics has preceded biology in several important discoveries, natural historians have been far more successful in dissemin ating their findings.
		Moreover, the entire field of historical linguistic inquiry is largely absent from public discourse, at least in the sort of way that evolution occupies public attention.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/9/9-499.html (1600 words)

	Bachelor of Arts Requirements - Department of Linguistics - University of Oregon
		Linguistics 401 and 405 cannot be used to meet this requirement.
		Linguistics 211, 290, and 295 can be applied to the Group Requirement in Social Science.
		However, a number of required and elective courses in linguistics are taught during Summer Session so that students have the option of additional flexibility in planning their programs.
	logos.uoregon.edu /programs/undergraduate/major.html (665 words)

	Tenser, said the Tensor: Comparative Linguistics via Language Modeling
		For a computational linguistics class last quarter, I tried applying statistical modeling techniques to the problem of detecting genetic relationships among human languages.
		Their techniques operate on data sets based on rich linguistic analyses that include things like which sound changes have occurred in which languages and cognates in basic vocabulary, whereas mine uses very surface-oriented (you might even say "shallow") features of the data.
		Tenser, said the Tensor is the blog of a graduate student in linguistics.
	tenser.typepad.com /tenser_said_the_tensor/2006/06/comparative_lin.html (1687 words)

	SILEBR 2004/003 — Review of “Comparative Dravidian linguistics” (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Comparative Dravidian Linguistics by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, one of the most eminent Dravidianists of our time, is a collection of twenty-one important articles, twenty of which have been published during the period 1955–1998 either in professional journals or as book chapters, including some festschrifts.
		All these papers, most of which are devoted to central problems of phonology and morphology/syntax of Dravidian, surely contribute to advancing our knowledge of comparative and historical Dravidian in the second half of the Twentieth Century.
		This volume is of greatest value and significance to students of the comparative study of Dravidian languages.
	www.sil.org:8090 /silebr/2004/silebr2004-003 (702 words)

	Department of Linguistics, Cologne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The topic of Historical-Comparative Linguistics is the study of languages which are recognizably related through regular similarities in inflection, word formation, syntax and vocabulary.
		Historical-Comparative Linguistics empirically and theoretically examines processes (incidents, phenomena) in the history of languages, such as the split of once uniform languages into various succeeding languages.
		As an Indo-European Linguistics major, it is necessary from the very beginning to learn as many (individual) languages as possible in order to gain an early understanding of language structures and the connections between them (further details on obligatory and semi-selective languages can be found in the "Program Requirements" brochure).
	www.uni-koeln.de /phil-fak/ifl/hvs/studium/hvs_e.html (398 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.313: State of comparative linguistics
		One of my concerns is that comparative linguistics appears to be taught less and less in certain countries, esp. the United States, where numerous leading comparativists have died or retired and their positions have been abolished or dedicated to theoretical or other noncomparative linguists.
		Particularly distressing are the reports that some linguists working on entirely different language families have been questioning the validity of Niger-Kordofanian and in particular claiming that the N-K relationship was never based on anything other than typological similarities (which if true would make it completely invalid, of course, but which is completely UNtrue).
		A third concern I have is that recent textbooks of historical linguistics, written typically by people who (while excellent at other things) have done little or no work on language classification have been spreading all kinds of misinformation about this, the most difficult in some ways, area of comparative linguistics.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/9/9-313.html (255 words)

	Linguistics 201: Historical-comparative Linguistics
		How can linguists help resolve this debate? One scientific way to study the origin of language is to try to prove historical relationships between languages. To find language families, that is, groups of languages descended from a common ancestor, linguists compare languages to find systematic differences or similarities.
		This method of analysing languages is known as the comparative method; linguists using it are referred to as comparative linguists. Some languages are obviously related to one another, as shown by the presence of systematic differences--like the regular sound correspondence between English [T] and German [d].
		When comparative linguists discover a group of historically related languages, they try to reconstruct the original form of the ancestor language of each family, which they call a proto language (give example of Indo-European mother and daughter languages).
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ling201/test3materials/comparativeling.htm (384 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics: Journals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Journal of Quantitative Linguistics - An international forum for the publication and discussion of research on the quantitative characteristics of language and text in an exact mathematical form.
		Linguistics and Education - A quarterly international research journal on all topics related to linguistics and education.
		Oceanic Linguistics - Devoted to the study of the indigenous languages of the Oceanic area and parts of Southeast Asia.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Journals (5104 words)

	Historical Linguistics \| Language Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Through the 19th century, European linguistics centered on the comparative history of the Indo-European languages, with a concern for finding their common roots and tracing their development.
		When historical-comparative linguistics first met unfamiliar languages, the linguist's first job was to thoroughly describe the language.
		During the second World War, Leonard Bloomfield and several of his students and colleagues developed teaching materials for a variety of languages whose knowledge was needed for the war effort.
	blog.languagetranslation.com /public/item/119714 (447 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.436: Comparative Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Guy seems almost to be denying that comparative-historical linguistics is possible in the absence of written attestations of the earlier stages.
		I assumed claims of such one-directional changes would be formulated in sufficiently precise terms, not as global changes from for example having a case system to not having one or the reverse, or as one sound changing into another without considering surrounding context.
		The majority of comparative-historical linguists who raise the issue of binary vs. ternary splits, in my experience, take a position that binary splits are preferred, or should be attempted before multinary, or else that only binary splits are permitted in proper historical reconstruction (weaker or stronger versions).
	linguist.emich.edu /issues/6/6-436.html (2373 words)

	University of Hawaii Department of Linguistics
		The Department of Linguistics’ MA program in Language Documentation and Conservation is designed to integrate theoretical, descriptive, anthropological, and practical approaches to the study of the language, with a special focus on the undocumented, under-documented, and endangered languages of the Pacific and Southeast Asia.
		Plan C is open to selected students with some previous work in linguistics who show both high potential for scholarly development and the motivation and discipline necessary for an independent course of study.
		The additional language is required of doctoral candidates in linguistics to encourage some increased breadth of language background beyond that provided by the research-tool requirement and as such does not include the same reading/translation requirement.
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /graduate/degreesandrequirements.html (1561 words)

	Comparative Linguistics & Literature Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Foley of the University of Sidney wrote his treatise on "Symmetrical Voice Systems and Precateriality in Philippine Languages", and in response, Kroeger from SIL (Summer Institute of Linguistics) did work on "Nouns and Verbs in Tagalog".
		And one last important resource for linguists is The Linguist List from Eastern Michigan Univrsity and Wayne State University, which offers a comprehensive listing of conferences, jobs, addresses, journals, newsletters, and other links for those interested in Linguistic research.
		The purpose of this comparative study is simply to point out very superficially that Spanish plays a major role in the evolution of Philippine languages, and a lot of research is still needed to get into the particulars of this particular area of linguistic research.
	members.aol.com /EFaro26164/comp2.html (1034 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Homepage of Integrational Linguistics - A specific approach to linguistics combining a comprehensive theory of language and a theory of grammars.
		Lexicon of Linguistics - Searchable database of linguistic terminology updated with many new terms in the areas of Generative Grammar (Minimalism) and Phonetics.
		Linguasphere - An exploration of linguistics and related resources with extracts from the Linguasphere Register of the world languages and speech communities.
	dmoz.org /Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics (323 words)

	UIUC Department of Linguistics: Faculty
		Professor of Linguistics, Sanskrit, the Classics, and English as an International Language; cooperating faculty in French and Germanic Languages and Literatures; Director, Program in South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, Undergraduate Advisor (general historical and comparative linguistics, comparative and diachronic syntax of Indo-European languages; Sanskrit linguistics; convergence phenomena; clitics, prosody, and the phonology/syntax interface.)
		Associate Professor of Linguistics (psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic aspects of bilingualism and the organization of language in "the bilingual brain," articulatory and acoustic phonetics with an emphasis on dual-language systems, quantitative research methods, and language-research theory).
		Professor, Linguistics, Sanskrit, and Comparative literature (sociolinguistics, Language of Religion, Syntax, Semantics, Literature of Hindi, Marathi, and Sanskrit, Sanskrit literary criticism, Asian mythology, History and theology of Hinduism, and Hinduism in diaspora).
	www.linguistics.uiuc.edu /people/index.html (422 words)

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