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Topic: Comparison of C Sharp to Java

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	JOT: Journal of Object Technology - C# and Java: The Smart Distinctions
		Both Java and C++ allow the control flow to implicitly fall through different cases, i.e., if a case is not explicitly left, the switch statement keeps executing through all cases up to the end of the statement.
		C# fixes this problem with a small change in the language definition: it requires that each case block in a switch statement has to be left explicitly, e.g.
		The reason is, that in C++ virtual calls from a constructor do only call methods up to the already initialized level – for C++ this is very momentous as the fields do not have guaranteed default initial values as in Java and C#, i.e., pointers would refer to somewhere in the pampas.
	www.jot.fm /issues/issue_2002_11/article4 (3008 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - C Sharp
		C# (see section on naming, pronunciation) is an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft as part of their.NET initiative, and later approved as a standard by ECMA and ISO.
		C# is intended to be suitable for writing applications for both hosted and embedded systems, ranging from the very large that use sophisticated operating systems, down to the very small having dedicated functions.
		Although C# applications are intended to be economical with regards to memory and processing power requirements, the language was not intended to compete directly on performance and size with C or assembly language.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=C_Sharp (2796 words)

	Comparison of C Sharp and Java - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Java requires the programmer to implement the observer pattern manually, though it provides some syntactic sugar in form of anonymous inner classes, which allow to define the body of the class and create an instance of it in a single point in the code.
		C# includes a large number of notational conveniences over Java, many of which, such as operator overloading and user-defined casts, are already familiar to the large community of C++ programmers.
		C# is defined by ECMA and ISO standards, whereas Java is largely controlled through a Java Community Process (JCP) which allows interested proprietary parties or open source parties to be involved in the definition of future versions and features of the Java™ technology specifications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comparison_of_C_Sharp_and_Java (3826 words)

	C# From a Java Developer's Perspective
		Both Java and C# provide mechanisms to specify that a class should be the last one in an inheritance hierarchy and cannot be used as a base class.
		Java has two ways in which one can declare an array, one which is backwards compatible with the notation used in C and C++ and another which is generally accepted as being clearer to read, C# uses only the latter array declaration syntax.
		C# does not have a restriction on the number of public classes that can exist in a source file and neither is there a requirement for the name of any of the classes in the file to match that of the source file.
	www.25hoursaday.com /CsharpVsJava.html (9252 words)

	ONDotnet.com -- C# in a Nutshell: Introducing C# and the .NET Framework, Part 1
		C# also discards the C++ and COM approach of spreading source artifacts across header files, implementation files, and type libraries in favor of a much simpler source organization and component reuse model.
		C# supports common C, C++, and Java language constructs such as classes, structs, interfaces, and enums, as well as more novel constructs such as delegates, which provide a type-safe equivalent to C/C++ function pointers, and custom attributes, which allow annotation of code elements with additional information.
		C# balances these two conflicting viewpoints by presenting a unified type system in which all types (including primitive types) are derived from a common base type, while simultaneously allowing for performance optimizations that allow primitive types and simple user-defined types to be treated as raw memory, with minimal overhead and increased efficiency.
	www.ondotnet.com /pub/a/dotnet/excerpt/csharpnut_1/index1.html (1879 words)

	Programming \| C-Sharp \| A comparison between Java and C# (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Java: It is possible to compile a Java program without a main method, provided that class is used as a super class.
		C#: It is not possible to compile a C# source file without a valid main method.
		C# introduces the concept of operator overloading, which was not present in Java.
	www.learnxpress.com /modules/contents/channels/prog,cs,,javavscs.aspx (892 words)

	Csharp Vs Java
		In C#, a struct is a ValueObject allocated on the stack.
		Java has no analogue at the language level but the JVM is able to allocate objects on the stack when it determines that they do not live longer than the method activation that creates them.
		C# gives you the right to do those things (GoTo, OperatorOverloading), encouraging you not to shoot yourself in the foot, but letting you govern yourself, so to speak, as far as what is "good" programming and what is "messy" programming.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?CsharpVsJava (2450 words)

	Andy Mc's C# FAQ for C++ programmers
		C# (pronounced 'C sharp') is firmly planted in the C and C++ family tree of languages, and will immediately be familiar to C and C++ programmers.
		For example, a long is 64 bits in C#, whereas in C++ the size of a long depends on the platform (typically 32 bits on a 32-bit platform, 64 bits on a 64-bit platform).
		C++ constructs objects from base to derived, so when the base constructor is executing the object is effectively a base object, and virtual method calls are routed to the base class implementation.
	www.andymcm.com /csharpfaq.htm (3473 words)

	C# Tutorial - Lesson 2
		C# and Java are both new-generation languages descended from a line including C and C++.
		For example, C# supports 'enumerations', type-safe value types which are limited to a defined set of constant variables (lesson 7), and 'structs', which are user-defined value types (lesson 11).
		Speaking generally, the 'plumbing' of C# types is different from that of C++ types, with all C# types being ultimately derived from the 'object' type (lesson 4).
	www.softsteel.co.uk /tutorials/cSharp/lesson2.html (603 words)

	Cs - Computer vision
		C# was designed to balance power (the C++ influence) with rapid development (the Visual Basic, Delphi programming language, and Java influences).
		C# is, in some sense, the programming language which most directly reflects the underlying.NET Framework on which all.NET programs run, and it depends strongly on this framework; there is no such thing as an unmanaged C# program.
		Java does not have properties, operator overloading, or allow attributes to be attached to types and members.
	computervision.wikia.com /wiki/Cs (1652 words)

	Microsoft's C# public beta hits a high note
		Java is not ideal, being a sharp departure from C++ and generally fitting Windows like a foot in a glove, but Java seems the only smart choice for enterprise projects.
		Java's creators are critical of C++'s laissez-faire design, which gives C++ developers a free hand, including unregulated access to system resources and the power to reshape the language itself.
		Java, in the interest of more stable applications, eliminates access to C++ facilities such as manual memory allocation, pointers (direct access to memory), passing arguments by reference, and overloaded operators.
	www.infoworld.com /articles/mt/xml/00/09/04/000904mtcsharp.html (2570 words)

	A Comparative Overview of C#
		C# improves on C++ in a similar way to Java in many respects, so I'm not going to be re-explaining things like the benefits of a single-rooted object hierarchy.
		C# is a strongly-typed object-oriented language designed to give the optimum blend of simplicity, expressiveness, and performance.
		C# 3.0 in a Nutshell (April 2007) - by Joseph Albahari and Ben Albahari.
	genamics.com /developer/csharp_comparative.htm (454 words)

	C#: A language alternative or just J--?, Part 1 - Java World
		For example, C++ was created as an extension of the C programming language, and was originally called "C with classes." Though innovative and extremely powerful, C suffered from problems with scalability, code fragility, and memory management complexity, among others.
		C, and to a lesser extent C++, are widely considered to be highly portable, exemplified by the portability of the Unix operating system.
		The C and C++ languages alone require a great deal of skill to be used effectively and safely; Visual Basic has some object-oriented-like features, but is not a true object-oriented language.
	www.javaworld.com /javaworld/jw-11-2000/jw-1122-csharp1_p.html (1590 words)

	C#: A language alternative or just J--?, Part 2 - Java World
		In Part 1 of this series, I covered the similarities between C# and Java, explained C#'s role in.Net, speculated on the possible outcomes of using multiple languages in application development, and looked at some high-level differences between Java and C#.
		Many Java programmers feel that the distinction between primitive value objects and primitive values is an unfortunate one in Java, and the designers of C# apparently agree.
		The C# specification states that the element type in the array and the number of dimensions define the array type, but the size of each dimension does not.
	www.javaworld.com /javaworld/jw-12-2000/jw-1221-csharp2.html (1906 words)

	Tuning up for C# \| CNET News.com
		After several years of development, C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is the Redmond, Wash.-based company's answer to one of its biggest threats--the Java language created by rival Sun Microsystems and supported by two other fierce Microsoft competitors, Oracle and IBM.
		C# is also the first language to introduce component-oriented properties and methods and events.
		Java was platform-independent (meaning that Java software can run on any hardware or operating system), but we're saying it's important to leverage existing software.
	news.com.com /2100-1001-256163.html (1203 words)

	Cafe au Lait Special Report: C#
		Many of Java's flaws are the results of needlessly maintaining compatibility with C. Much of Java's simplicity comes from places where it broke with C and C++.
		C# does not seem to have doc-comments, but I can't tell whether it's an undocumented feature or not a language feature at all.
		Unlike C and C++, execution of a switch section is not permitted to "fall through" to the next switch section...
	www.ibiblio.org /javafaq/reports/cdull.html (2423 words)

	Java vs. C# (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As our tour of both languages suggests, Java and C# still have a lot in common, and developers who know both languages should be able to prosper in both camps.
		In fact, the new C# (or 'C-sharp) language, part of the promising.NET platform due out in mid-2001, may be an indirect result of this lesser-known legal conundrum and Microsoft's attempts to get around its Java logjam in the courts.
		Java was initially started as a means to provide animated content within web pages, but it had grown from these humble roots to become a platform with enough firepower to take on the largest enterprise system.
	www.extremetech.com /article2/0,3973,467080,00.asp (1340 words)

	A Comparative Overview of C# (Page 12)
		With C and C++ programs, you generally compile the source code to assembly language code which will only run on a particular processor and a particular OS.
		Java addressed these problems in the same way Smalltalk had done before it by having Java compile to byte-code which then runs on a virtual machine.
		C# has remarkably few core libraries, but utilizes the libraries of the.NET framework (some of which were built with C#).
	genamics.com /developer/csharp_comparative_part12.htm (706 words)

	Java Study Group: books, outlines, topics
		Java idioms, using: Java Performance and Idiom Guide by Craig Larman and Rhett Guthrie.
		AspectJ is a seamless aspect-oriented extension to Java that enables the modular implementation of a wide range of crosscutting concerns: AspectJ.org.
		JMangler is a framework for load-time transformation of Java programs, which supports conflict-free composition of independently developed aspects (implemented as JMangler transformer components) and their joint application to existing base classes: javalab.iai.uni-bonn.de/research/jmangler
	www.thedailychannel.com /java (526 words)

	C# in a Nutshell: Chapter 1: Introducing C# and the .NET Framework
		However, in addiction to its technical merits, one of the main reasons for the success that the language and platform has enjoyed thus far is the unprecedented degree of openness that Microsoft has shown.
		As an example, the C# language is both a CLS Consumer and a CLS Extender, and supports all of the important CTS features.
		However, this openness was taken to a new level in November 2000 when Microsoft, along with co-sponsors Intel and HP, officially submitted the specifications for the C# language, a subset of the FCL, and the runtime environment to ECMA for standardization.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/csharpnut/chapter/ch01.html (4045 words)

	C# (C Sharp) - Applications Shopping at dooyoo.co.uk
		C# is the new premier computer programming language and was designed to write ‘ Next Generation Windows Services ‘ (NGWS).
		The new language has been compared to existing languages such as Java, C++ and C, but better, and if you already have experience in C++, C or Java then the learning Curving is flat.
		Some of its key features include: Less complexity When compared to C++, C# is for less complex many of the tricky parts of programming, especially in C++ have be redeveloped to keep C# as simple as...
	www.dooyoo.co.uk /applications/c-c-sharp (218 words)

	Comparing Strings: For java programmers
		In C#, however, things have changed for the better.
		This article examines the comparison methods of the String class and shows how it differs from the String class in Java.
		C# makes comparing strings easy even for a novice programmer and without sacrificing flexibility.
	www.csharpfriends.com /Articles/getArticle.aspx?articleID=58 (307 words)

	waffle → Sharp and Objective
		C#, on the other hand… Someone at Microsoft enjoys having a dozen deceptively similar - but ultimately all a little different - ways to solve this problem.
		At the bottom end, you have C# arrays, which are similar to C arrays.
		Personally, I think java the way it was before sun got so bloody verbose was superior to C# in a lot of ways, though it was lacking some nice additions like generics and autoboxing.
	waffle.wootest.net /2007/03/30/sharp-and-objective (2845 words)

	Only4Gurus - C# Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		You can find the most recent C# resources available at the main page of the category.
		C# Performance: Comparison with C, C++, D and Java
		Migrating from Java to C# and Microsoft.NET - Preview
	www.only4gurus.com /v3/sitemap_c-sharp.shtml (368 words)

	Opentextfile Vb Script
		When the program is executed, the.NET framework and C# and.NET Polyphonic C# Comparison of C Sharp to Java Common Language Runtime (CLR)The.NET Framework 2.0 to create business solutions much more effectively than ever before.
		Start with an introduction to C # fundamentals, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics such as support for generics (similar to C++ templates), partial types and some other new features.
		These procedures include most of the example programs will be developers that have created ASP applications previously with VBScript or Java Script and may have used VB to create an entire suite of enterprise applications with ASP.NET and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to Excel 5.0 in 1993 and to the rest of its introduction.
	aspcontentmanagement.2vv1.com /opentextfilevbscript.html (1616 words)

	Open Directory - Computers:Programming:Languages:C-sharp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		C# (C sharp) is a Java-like, interpreted, object-oriented, C syntax programming language by Microsoft.
		Please do not submit books that deal with ASP or.Net topics unless there are C# codes used as examples.
		Books about C# Programming Language and how to use underlying technologies such as.Net, Web Services, ASP, Windows, Databases and general programming topics.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages/C-sharp/desc.html (124 words)

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