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Topic: Comparison of Unicode encodings

	Unicode Summary
		The Unicode Consortium has as its ambitious goal the eventual replacement of existing character encoding schemes with Unicode, as many of the existing schemes are limited in size and scope, and are incompatible with multilingual environments.
		Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard which find wide usage in various countries of the world, but remain largely incompatible with each other.
		Unicode is criticized for failing to allow for older and alternate forms of kanji which, critics argue, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names, although it follows the recommendations of Japanese language scholars and of the Japanese government.
	www.bookrags.com /Unicode (5485 words)

	Comparison of Unicode encodings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode and Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode are excluded from the comparison tables because it is difficult to simply quantify their size.
		If you are working with a particular API heavily and that API has standardised on a particular Unicode encoding it is generally a good idea to use the encoding that the API does to avoid the need to convert before every call to the API.
		This may be achived by standardising on a single byte order, by specifying the endian as part of external metadata (for example the MIME charset registry has distinct UTF-16BE and UTF-16LE registrations as well as the plain UTF-16 one) or by using a Byte Order Mark at the start of the text.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Comparison_of_unicode_encodings (862 words)

	Unicode and e-mail - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However most do not send in Unicode by default, and few systems are likely to be set up with fonts capable of displaying the full range of Unicode characters.
		As with all encodings apart from US-ASCII, when using Unicode text in e-mail, MIME must be used to specify that a Unicode transformation format is being used for the text.
		UTF-7, although sometimes considered deprecated, has an advantage over other Unicode encodings in that it does not require a transfer encoding to fit within the seven-bit limits of many legacy Internet mail servers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Unicode_and_e-mail (450 words)

	UAX #15: Unicode Normalization Forms
		An offset into a Unicode string is a number from 0 to n, where n is the length of the string and indicates a position that is logically between Unicode code units (or at the very front or end in the case of 0 or n, respectively).
		Unicode provides a mechanism for those implementations that require not only normalized strings, but also the normalization process, to be absolutely stable between two versions (including the edge cases mentioned in Section 3.2, Stability of the Normalization Process).
		For example, for a Unicode 4.0 implementation to produce the same results as Unicode 3.2, the five characters mentioned in [Corrigendum4] are premapped to the old values given in version 4.0 of the UCD data file [Corrections].
	www.unicode.org /reports/tr15 (9142 words)

	Unicode - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Unicode is an industry standard whose goal is to provide the means by which text of all forms and languages can be encoded for use by computers.
		Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard which get wide use in various countries of the world, but remain largely incompatible with each other.
		Unicode is criticized for failing to allow for older and alternate forms of kanji, which, it is said, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names, although it follows the recommendations of Japanese scholars of the language and of the Japanese government.
	www.voyager.in /Unicode (3852 words)

	Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Fundamentals
		The character encoding form can be extremely simple (for instance, one which encodes the integers of the CCS into the natural representation of integers of the chosen datatype of the computing platform) or arbitrarily complex (a variable number of code units, where the value of each unit is a non-trivial function of the encoded integer).
		A character encoding scheme is a mapping of the code units of a character encoding form (CEF) into well-defined sequences of bytes, taking into account the necessary specification of byte-order for multi-byte base datatypes and including in some cases switching schemes between the code units of multiple character encoding schemes (an example is ISO 2022).
		A character encoding scheme, together with the coded character sets it is used with, is called a character encoding, and is identified by a unique identifier, such as an IANA charset identifier.
	www.w3.org /TR/charmod (11179 words)

	Unicode information - Search.com
		Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all languages (See Universal Character Set) to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers.
		Some have decried Unicode as a plot against Asian cultures perpetrated by Westerners with no understanding of the characters as used in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese, in spite of the presence of a majority of experts from all three countries in the Ideographic Rapporteur Group (IRG).
		Unicode is criticized for failing to allow for older and alternate forms of kanji, which, it is said, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names, although it follows the recommendations of Japanese scholars of the language and of the Japanese government.
	www.search.com /reference/Unicode (4884 words)

	UTF-32/UCS-4 - Psychology Central
		UTF-32 and UCS-4 are alternate names for a method of encoding Unicode characters, using the fixed amount of exactly 32 bits for each Unicode code point.
		For these reasons UTF-32 is little used in practice with UTF-8 and UTF-16 being the normal ways of encoding Unicode text.
		The original ISO 10646 standard defines a 31-bit encoding form called UCS-4, in which each encoded character in the Universal Character Set (UCS) is represented by a 32-bit friendly code value in the code space of integers between 0 and hexadecimal 7FFFFFFF.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/UCS-4 (493 words)

	The kernel and character set encodings [LWN.net]
		Unicode normalisation defines a specific order for all such 'combining character' strings, but unfortunately there is more than one normalisation form: Linux and the W3C use NFC, while Darwin and MacOS X use NFD, even on UFS filesystems.
		Unicode makes life more complicated for everyone and it's likely some of this needs to be in the kernel, or at least glibc, for uniformity.
		Even if there is only one file involved, without Unicode normalisation you wouldn't be able to use bash filename completion, since you might type the accents in a different order to that used in the filename, though there would be no visual clue as to your mistake.
	www.lwn.net /Articles/71913 (1188 words)

	[No title]
		The current representation formats for Unicode (UTF-7, UTF-8, UTF-16) are not storage and computation efficient on platforms that utilize the 9 bit nonet as a natural storage unit instead of the 8 bit octet.
		By comparison, UTF-9 uses one to two nonets to represent codepoints in the BMP, three nonets to represent [UNICODE] codepoints outside the BMP, and three or four nonets to represent non-[UNICODE] codepoints.
		ISBN 0-201-61633-5), as amended by the Unicode Standard Annex #27: Unicode 3.1 and by the Unicode Standard Annex #28: Unicode 3.2, March 2002.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc4042.txt (1833 words)

	The Unicode HOWTO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Unicode coverage may of the font sets at different sizes may depend on the installed fonts; here are screen shots at various sizes of UTF-8-demo.txt (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18) and of the Mule script examples (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18).
		Encoded this way, strings can contain NUL characters and nevertheless need not be prefixed with a length field - the C functions like strlen() and strcpy() can be used to manipulate them.
		The encodings used for tty I/O and the default encoding for file/socket/pipe I/O are locale dependent.
	www.faqs.org /docs/Linux-HOWTO/Unicode-HOWTO.html (8777 words)

	UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ
		It is important to understand that the primary purpose of these tables was to demonstrate that Unicode is a superset of the mapped legacy encodings, and to document the motivation and origin behind those Unicode characters that were included into the standard primarily for round-trip compatibility reasons with older character sets.
		The Unicode consortium used to maintain mapping tables to CJK character set standards, but has declared them to be obsolete, because their presence on the Unicode web server led to the development of a number of inadequate and naive EUC converters.
		GB 18030 a new encoding of UCS for use in Chinese government systems that is backwards-compatible with the widely used GB 2312 and GBK encodings for Chinese.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /~mgk25/unicode.html (14389 words)

	Unicode - Psychology Wiki - a Wikia wiki
		Unicode is an industry standard designed to allow text and symbols from all languages to be consistently represented and manipulated by computers.
		EF BB BF is another encoding form for Unicode, but from the Standardization Administration of China.
		Several subsets of Unicode are standardized: Microsoft Windows since Windows NT 4.0 supports WGL-4 with 652 characters, which is considered to support all Latin, Greek and Cyrillic-based languages.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Unicode (4590 words)

	UTF-EBCDIC - Psychology Central
		To produce the UTF-EBCDIC encoded version of a series of Unicode code points, an encoding based on UTF-8 (known in the specification as UTF-8-Mod) is applied first.
		The main difference between this encoding and UTF-8 is that it allows unicode code points U+0080 through U+009F (the C1 control codes) to be represented as a single byte and therefore mapped to corresponding EBCDIC control codes.
		Generally, this encoding form is rarely used, even on EBCDIC based mainframes for which it was designed.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/UTF-EBCDIC (338 words)

	Seventeenth International Unicode Conference
		As reported in prior Unicode conferences, this has led to the standardization of Armenian character set encodings and work on automated transliteration.
		Work is in progress on the creation of the multilingual databases necessary to support this project in 8-bit Armenian national character encodings and in 16-bit UNICODE encodings.
		Unicode and the Unicode logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc. Used with permission.
	www.unicode.org /iuc/iuc17/a363.html (346 words)

	Perl, Unicode and i18N FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Unicode is a 16-bit character set encoding (surrogates aside) and related semantics for simultaneously representing all modern written languages (and more).
		Unicode code values have default properties such as case, numeric value, directionality and mirrored as defined in the Unicode Character Database.
		Unicode can be used as a pivot for converting any charset to another, although not all characters have matches in another charset.
	rf.net /~james/perli18n.html (10570 words)

	Unicode: Encodings
		The Internationalization and Unicode Conference is the premier technical conference for both software and Web internationalization as well as a great opportunity for networking with other practitioners.
		Note that if one of two string constant operands is prefixed with an N and the other is not, the non-Unicode string will be converted to Unicode and the Unicode collation will apply when comparing them.
		You should certainly keep these in the form of Unicode as much as possible, especially if they will eventually make their way back into another XML document, or some other internationalized usage.
	www.lycos.com /info/unicode--encodings.html (408 words)

	Unicode - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Unicode : Stammtisch Beau Fleuve Acronyms [home, info]
		Unicode : Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition [home, info]
		Phrases that include Unicode: apple type services for unicode imaging, chess symbols in unicode, comparison of unicode encodings, free software unicode typeface, latin unicode, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=Unicode (180 words)

	[No title]
		This region is intended for standards that do not have subset implementations.
		The second region (1000-1999) is for the Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 coded character sets together with a specification of a (set of) sub-repertoires that may occur.
		Assigned MIB enum Numbers ------------------------- 0-2 Reserved 3-999 Set By Standards Organizations 1000-1999 Unicode / 10646 2000-2999 Vendor The aliases that start with "cs" have been added for use with the IANA-CHARSET-MIB as originally defined in RFC3808, and as currently maintained by IANA at http://www.iana.org/assignments/ianacharset-mib.
	www.iana.org /assignments/character-sets (1432 words)

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