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	Competition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Competition is the act of striving against another force for the purpose of achieving dominance or attaining a reward or goal, or out of a biological imperative such as survival.
		Depending on the respective economic policy, the pure competition is to a greater or lesser extent regulated by competition policy and competition law.
		Competition between members of a species is the driving force of evolution and natural selection- the competition for resources, such as food, water, territory, and sunlight, results in the ultimate survival and dominance of the variation of the species best suited for survival.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Competition (1965 words)

	EU competition law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This last point is a unique characteristic of the EU competition law regime.
		As the EU is made up of independent member states, both competition policy and the creation of the European single market could be rendered ineffective were member states free to support national companies as they saw fit.
		On 1 May 2004 a decentralised regime for antitrust came into force which is intended to increase the application of EU competition law by national competition authorities and national courts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/EU_competition_law (283 words)

	Antitrust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Antitrust or competition laws, legislate against trade practices that are claimed to undermine competitiveness or are considered to be unfair.
		Large companies with huge cash reserves and large lines of credit can stifle competition by engaging in predatory pricing; that is, by selling their products and services at a loss for a time, in order to force their smaller competitors out of business.
		Alan Greenspan argues that the very existence of antitrust laws discourages businessmen from bring productive for society, out of fear that their business actions will be determined illegal and dismantled by government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Antitrust (862 words)

	LLM International Competition Law and Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Competition Law is an area of rapidly increasing importance on the national, European and international stages.
		The main purpose of the LLM in International Competition Law and Policy is to provide students with the tools to engage with these developments, whatever their background and whichever avenue of employment they intend to pursue.
		The nature of the lawyer's role in the competition field is such as to require a substantial appreciation of the law, the procedures, and the economic concepts that underpin policy and practice.
	www.uea.ac.uk /law/prospective_students/pg_int_competition.html (401 words)

	Vietnam: Competition law and competitiveness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The key objective of the draft Competition Law is to create and promote an equitable and non-discriminative competition environment, and to protect and encourage fair competition.
		Basic principles of the competition law are: to develop a competitive market in Vietnam; and to ensure that competitive conduct by a person within the new market is fair, honest and does not infringe upon others’ rights and the national interest.
		In relation to the Competition Law, the GOV is seeking donor assistance in three areas: (a) information dissemination on the Competition Law; (b) strengthening of the National Competition Commission (to be established); and (c) training.
	www.asialine.dfat.gov.au /asialine/Asialine.nsf/WebArticlesbyRegion/ED4F77D7EEB9CABBCA256C9700819471 (925 words)

	COMPETITION LAW
		COMPETITION LAW is no exception to that rule, delivering a range of articles that are stimulating and revealing about the state of antitrust law and policy in the United States (U.S.) and the European Union (EU) today.
		Thus, EU competition law, as detailed in several good chapters by Willimsky, Alex Jacquemin, and others, has developed a focus that places different burdens upon members, leading to the enforcement of specific political goals that are at odds with the preferences of U.S. regulators.
		DeLe—n does a particularly good job in demonstrating how the classical goals of antitrust law may be at odds with the new goals of a global policy, necessitating reconsideration of what is to be expected from competition law in the twenty-first century.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/greaves104.htm (1349 words)

	Free Pint Newsletter 142 - Branding, Safety, Competition
		Competition law is very complex, being directed both at European parliament level and also at EU Member State level, in this case being the UK where a number of regulatory bodies deal with competition issues.
		The main regulations for Competition law in the UK are: The Enterprise Act 2002, which came into force on 20 June 2003, the Competition Act 1998 and the Fair Trading Act 1973.
		If companies are found to be in breach of competition law punitive fines can be levied, with the aim to make markets fair and competitive, with the end results of this hopefully passed onto the consumer and the public.
	www.freepint.com /issues/070803.htm (4962 words)

	Competitions
		The law firm of Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett and Dunner in Washington, D.C. is offering a $12,000 scholarship toward academic costs of a current first-year law student (or part-time second year law student) who is a member of an underrepresented minority group and who has a demonstrated commitment to practicing intellectual property law.
		This competition is open to all second and third year students writing papers in the areas of patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, or trade dress.
		This competition is open to all law students attending law school within or with a permanent residence within the Western District of Pennsylvania.
	www.law.pitt.edu /madison/ipprogram/competitions.htm (2050 words)

	LII: Law about...Unfair Competition
		The law of unfair competition is primarily comprised of torts that cause an economic injury to a business, through a deceptive or wrongful business practice.
		Unfair competition can be broken down into two broad categories.
		The law of unfair competition is mainly governed by state common law.
	www.law.cornell.edu /topics/unfair_competition.html (363 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Competition Law and Industrial Policy in the Eu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The theoretical perspective used is based on a comparison between the concepts of the Treaty as an economic constitution and as a political constitution.
		On this basis, the convergence of competition and industrial policy at the Community level is explained as the result of the rationalisation of public policy, and the reduction of the economic independence of the member states.
		The study concludes that the market orientation of the European Union is not in doubt, but that a clear link remains to be established between the legitimacy of public intervention in the economy and the distribution of power in the Community system.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0198264933 (349 words)

	University of Chicago Law School > Competition vs. intensity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Competition isn't prominent at the Law School because the Law School has a small student body, a fair grading system and an excellent job placement record.
		With such a small number of people in your law school class, it is pretty hard to have a cut-throat attitude.
		One of the Law School's greatest strengths is the zeal and rigor with which students approach their studies.
	www.law.uchicago.edu /Life/competition.html (475 words)

	Bora Laskin Law Library -Finding Legal Information on the Web - Antitrust & Competition Law
		Antitrust and competition law regulates mergers and acquisitions among businesses with the policy goal of ensuring adequate and healthy competition within the economy.
		The Competition Bureau is an organizational unit of Industry Canada and is responsible for maintaining and encouraging fair competition in Canada.
		According to its website, the Office of Fair Trading "plays a key role in protecting the economic welfare of consumers, and in enforcing United Kingdom competition policy." It was established in 1973 as a non-ministerial department of the government and was given a range of legal responsibilities as the principal United Kingdom fair trading authority.
	www.law-lib.utoronto.ca /resources/topic/anti.htm (493 words)

	Competition Law in the European Communities - European Competition Law
		Competition Law in the European Communities is a monthly newsletter, in its twenty-fifth year of publication.
		Competion Law in the European Communities is essential reading for practitioners and academics in the field.
		Each issue of Competition Law in the European Communities contains articles covering the latest trends and developments in the field of European competition (anti-trust) law, allowing readers to stay right up to date.
	www.competition-law.com (256 words)

	Competition:Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Well-designed competition law, effective law enforcement and competition-based economic reform promote increased efficiency, economic growth and employment for the benefit of all.
		Despite serious handicaps, competition authorities have made substantial headway in implementing competition policy in Brazil.
		Global competition between exporters of wheat, rice, oilseeds, sugar and livestock is expected to intensify over the next ten years in both developed and developing countries, according to the OECD’s latest Agricultural Outlook – produced for first time in collaboration with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
	www.oecd.org /daf/clp (229 words)

	Webber Wentzel Bowens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Act came into force on 1 September 1999 and is modelled on the competition law of the European Union and Canada.
		Webber Wentzel Bowens was the first law firm in South Africa to, inter alia, appear before the Competition Appeal Court, have a complaint referred to the Competition Tribunal and to secure a commercial exemption.
		For all competition law related enquiries, please contact either Anthony Norton or Martin Versfeld.
	www.wwb.co.za /competition/index.asp (251 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		As used in this chapter, unfair competition shall mean and include any unlawful, unfair or fraudulent business act or practice and unfair, deceptive, untrue or misleading advertising and any act prohibited by Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 17500) of Part 3 of Division 7 of the Business and Professions Code.
		Notwithstanding Section 3369 of the Civil Code, specific or preventive relief may be granted to enforce a penalty, forfeiture, or penal law in a case of unfair competition.
		No cause of action barred under existing law on the effective date of this section shall be revived by its enactment.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /cacodes/bpc/17200-17210.html (1833 words)

	Antitrust, Trade Regulation and Competition Law at Holland & Knight LLP
		The most effective legal advice and representation comes from lawyers who have a firm grasp of the antitrust laws, who understand the practical application of antitrust law to a particular industry, and who are familiar with other laws that may regulate that industry.
		Today’s legal landscape includes the federal and state antitrust laws and an increasing variety of other state and federal laws dealing with unfair competition, trade secrets, interference with contract or prospective economic advantage, trade libel, enforcement of intellectual property rights, non-competition covenants, marketing practices, licensing, franchising and distributorship agreements and many other subjects.
		The antitrust laws are over 100 years old, but every year businesses are unnecessarily convicted and fined, pay hundreds of millions in fines and damages, and face the nearly inevitable civil class action lawsuits because they did not have solid compliance programs in place or did not have adequate counseling.
	www.hklaw.com /Practice/Practice.asp?PAID=50 (864 words)

	allAfrica.com: South Africa: Competition Law Hurdles Damage SA - Harmony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He said "contradictory and uncoordinated regulations and legislation governing mergers" were contrary to commercial logic, and allowed targeted companies to "fabricate and perpetuate controversy as part of a delaying tactic in a hostile takeover".
		Swanepoel said one of the obvious contradictions was that the competition laws required a minimum of 90 days to go through the process, while the takeover code allowed a condition in an offer to expire after 60 days.
		Competition Commission head of mergers and acquisitions Lizel Blignaut said Swanepoel's views on an overhaul of the rules "need to be looked at".
	allafrica.com /stories/200504080267.html (473 words)

	Welcome to Pace Law School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The moot draws in excess of 200 competitors from diverse law schools and 200 attorneys who serve as judges for three days of oral arguments, to create a rigorous academic experience.
		Recognized as the preeminent environmental law moot in the United States, the event tests skills in appellate brief writing and oral advocacy involving issues drawn from real cases, providing experience in environmental litigation first hand.
		The Competition is distinctive in that three adverse teams argue the issues, reflecting the fact that environmental litigation frequently involves multiple parties — the government, a public interest group and a member of the regulated industry.
	www.law.pace.edu /environmentalm (240 words)

	United States State Unfair Competition Law Overview
		The law of unfair competition emerged from common law doctrine.
		Unfair competition can take a number of forms, such as "passing off", "dilution", and "misappropriation".
		Only non-functional product features which had acquired secondary meaning were found by the appeals court to be capable of being protected by unfair competition law.
	home.att.net /~jmtyndall/ustm/unfair.htm (1021 words)

	Competition Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Within the EU the competition rules are of vital importance not only for the promotion of a competitive market, but also to prevent barriers within the single market.
		The competition authorities may under certain circumstances carry out an inspection (dawn raid) on the premises of an undertaking to establish whether it has infringed the competition rules.
		In resent time the competition authorities have intensified their efforts to fight hardcore cartels, and both Sweden and the EU have adopted new leniency rules.
	www.sandart.se /88.htm (258 words)

	An introduction to competition law in Norway (Legal500.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As opposed to national competition laws, the EEA prohibitions apply only if the conduct in question has an appreciable effect on the relevant market, as well as on the trade between EEA states.
		National competition laws may be applied parallel to those of the EEA Agreement, except in merger cases, where a 'one-stop-shop' principle applies.
		In cases of a conflict between national competition law and that of the EEA, the EEA rules prevail.
	www.legal500.com /devs/norway/cc/nocc_001.htm (923 words)

	EU competition law -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Competition law is one of the areas of authority of the (An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members) European Union.
		Primary competence for applying EU competition law rests with (Click link for more info and facts about European Commission) European Commission and its Directorate General for Competition, although state aids in some sectors, such as transport, are handled by other Directorates General.
		The EU rules against a Energias de Portugal SA Gas de Portugal SA merger.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/eu/eu_competition_law1.htm (270 words)

	SSRN-Regulatory and Competition Law Remedies in the Postal Sector by Damien Geradin, David Henry
		European Community law has played a pivotal role in opening to competition economic sectors previously under the control of public monopolies.
		Regulatory requirements have, however, been imposed through Directive 97/67 and, over the last few years, competition rules have been applied much more rigorously in the postal sector, with the result that there is an increasing corpus of case law.
		Geradin, Damien and Henry, David, "Regulatory and Competition Law Remedies in the Postal Sector" (February 6, 2003).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=500002 (474 words)

	AAR: Publication: Competition Law
		Professor Bob Baxt is a Partner in the Competition Law Group of Allens Arthur Robinson.
		This document-which reviews the current annual report of the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC)-and certain other pressures being applied by the Business Council of Australia (BCA) have no doubt been instrumental in the Prime Minister's recent pledge to conduct a review of the Act if the government is returned to power on November 10.
		Treasury has already indicated that the provisions relating to third-line forcing should be reviewed to make them subject to a competition test; the recent decision in the South Sydney Rugby League case makes it clear that the provisions dealing with collective boycotts need urgent review to ensure that genuine joint venture activity is not strangled.
	www.aar.com.au /pubs/comp/afroct01.htm (748 words)

	Fordham University School of Law - Moot Court (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Kaufman Competition, held at Fordham University School of Law in New York City, examines legal issues in federal securities law.
		The competition is held in honor of Judge Irving R. Kaufman, a Fordham alumnus who served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit for many years, including a seven year tenure as Chief Judge.
		The Competition is limited to thirty-two teams and each school is permitted to enter two teams subject to availability.
	law.fordham.edu /htm/mc-kauf.htm (183 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Jersey \| New competition law is introduced
		It is hoped the competition law will eventually mean more choice and lower prices for islanders.
		The Jersey Competition and Regulatory Authority (JCRA) will have the power to deal with firms it believes are acting against the interests of consumers.
		The second part of the law, which will give regulators the power to investigate and crack down on existing monopolies, will be introduced in November.
	news.bbc.co.uk /go/newsFeedXML/moreover/-/1/hi/world/europe/jersey/4501763.stm (165 words)

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