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Topic: Competitors for the Crown of Scotland

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	Scotland - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The crowns of Scotland and England were united in 1603, and the governments of the two countries in 1707; Scotland has retained, however, its own legal system, its own Church, a substantially different education system, and the right to issue its own bank notes.
		Scotland does not have a statutory national curriculum, as introduced in the rest of the United Kingdom in the late 1980s, although moves have been made to standardize curriculum content, and testing of progress in English and mathematics has been introduced.
		Scotland, however, is best known for its beef cattle, both in terms of the quality of their meat and as pedigree breeding stock, and was therefore adversely affected by the European Union’s ban on British beef in 1996.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761561065__1/Scotland.html (15316 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.3, Entry 171, SCOTLAND: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The crown was to be represented in Scotland by a governor or lieutenant, to be assisted by a council.
		Scotland was also to be represented in the English parliament by ten representatives; three were to be selected by the prelates, two by the abbots, two by the earls, two by the barons, and two by the community or commonalty.
		Scotland is represented in the house of commons by sixty members, of whom thirty-two represent the counties, twenty-six the burghs, and two the universities.
	www.econlib.org /library/ypdbooks/lalor/llCy941.html (7049 words)

	Competitors for the Crown of Scotland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With the death of Alexander III of Scotland in 1286 without a male heir, the throne of Scotland had become the possession of the three-year old Margaret, Damsel of Norway, the great-granddaughter of the King.
		This Robert Bruce was Regent of Scotland sometime during minority of King and was occasionally recognized as a Tanist of the Scottish Throne.
		John Hastings, an Englishman with extensive estates in Scotland, could not succeed to the throne by any of the normal rules governing feudal legacy and instead had his lawyers argue that Scotland was not a true kingdom at all based, amongst other things, on the fact that Scots kings were traditionally neither crowned nor anointed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Cause (2219 words)

	History of the Monarchy > Descendants of Malcom III > The Competitors
		In the end, thirteen competitors put their names forward, and nine of the thirteen made the acknowledgement required by Edward.
		They also agreed that possession of the lands and castles of Scotland should be given to him so that he could pass them on to the rightful king, when the choice had been made.
		After a further period for deliberation, Edward I awarded the crown to John Balliol, the descendant of the Earl's eldest daughter.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/page119.asp (247 words)

	GENUKI: Kings of England - E(2)
		In 1291 the numerous competitors for the crown of Scotland submitted their claims to Edward's decision, which was in favour of John de Baliol.
		After resigning his crown, he was confined in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, and was there traitorously murdered by the contrivance of his queen, Isabella, and her favourite, Roger Mortimer; Earl of March, in 1328.
		David of Scotland was released for a heavy ransom in 1357.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/royalty/kingedw.html (1857 words)

	Architecture Policy for Scotland Consultation Response Form
		In the recent document "Scotland’s Culture", which was the Executive’s response to the Cultural Commission’s review of Culture in Scotland, we indicated our intention to publish a renewed architecture policy statement at the end of this year.
		Scotland’s policy on architecture has been underpinned by a commitment to public engagement — as evidenced by the Executive’s support for a National Programme on architecture delivered by The Lighthouse over the past five years and the publication of a biennial review of Scottish architecture.
		Scotland’s built environment will change significantly over the next 20 years and we need to be alert to the key drivers and potential issues such as climate change, energy and transport which shape those changes.
	www.scotland.gov.uk /consultations/agriculture/ArchScotland.asp (2509 words)

	Kings Of Scotland - A Chronological list of the Royal Scottish Monarchy
		King of Scotland or Alba, the united kingdom of the Picts and Scots (862-877), who succeeded his uncle Donald I. Constantine's reign was occupied with conflicts with the Norsemen.
		King of Scotland (1093-94), son of Malcolm III and grandson of Duncan I. For many years (1072?-87) Duncan lived as a hostage of the Norman English, allegedly as a confirmation of his father's homage to William I of England.
		He at once designated himself "heir of the kingdom of Scotland," clearly anticipating the vindication of his claim, which was derived from his mother, daughter of Margaret, eldest daughter of David, earl of Huntingdon, brother to kings Malcolm IV and William I the Lion.
	www.scotlandroyalty.org /scotland.html (5838 words)

	Classical Heraldry - 8
		The death of the Maid pushed descent of the crown back to the bastard offspring of her great-great-grandfather or to the lawful descendants of his brother David.
		The third of the nearest "legitimate" Competitors was the son of the son of Ada, the youngest of David's daughters.
		Sir John de Vesci was the illegitimate son of the Competitor Sir William de Vesci, the grandson of Margaret the third bastard daughter of King William "The Lion" by her husband Eustace.
	www.baronage.co.uk /classic1/herart8.html (435 words)

	Siol nan Gaidheal - Scottish Manuscripts Index - Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Agreement between Florence, Count of Holland, and Robert Bruce of Annandale, in view of the judgement to be pronounced by the King of England in the matter of the competition for the Crown of Scotland.
		Transcript of Indenture between Robert I and the Community of Scotland, wherebye the Estates grant to the King the tenth penny of all fermes and rents for the maintenance of the Crown, and the King engages to abstain from illegal exactions.
		Charter of Robert the Steward of Scotland to Sir Adam of Foullartoun of the lands of Foullartoun and of Gaylis in Kyle-Stewart.
	www.siol-nan-gaidheal.com /manuscripts/2/msindex2.htm (1993 words)

	Hume, The History of England from the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution in 1688, vol. 2 (1778): The Online ...
		The low state, into which the crown was fallen, made it requisite for a good minister to be attentive to the preservation of the royal prerogatives, as well as to the security of public liberty.
		They were apprehensive, lest the power of the nobles, always oppressive, should now exert itself without controul, by removing the counterpoise of the crown; and their fears were increased by some new edicts of the barons, which were plainly calculated to procure to themselves an impunity in all their violences.
		The current of popularity was now much turned to the side of the crown; and the barons had little to rely on for their support, besides the private influence and power of their families, which, though exorbitant, was likely to prove inferior to the combination of king and people.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/Hume0129/History/0011-2_Bk.html (11194 words)

	Cranky Critic® Movie Reviews: The Thomas Crown Affair
		As Crown and Banning do their little dance, are they flirting or are they manipulating each other and if so, is it into bed or into the clink, the only member of their manage a trois to enjoy the chase is Crown's shrink, played with an amusing grin, by Faye Dunaway.
		Crown's inability to let women get close enough to him, and his attempts to deal with it (he says he can get a woman to trust him, but never the other way around) is a running theme.
		When he offers to prove his feelings by returning the painting to the museum, hanging it in the same spot it was stolen from, will she bust him or will she join him as a fugitive, living the high life on an island in the sun.
	www.crankycritic.com /archive99/thomascrownaffair.html (716 words)

	Edward I and the governance of Scotland
		On the death of Queen Margaret, Scotland was besieged by claimants to the throne.
		Known as Competitors, in total 13 applied to the 'Community of the Realm' - those nobles and bishops with effective governance of the country - to be the next king.
		Leaving Scotland in September 1296 remarking 'Bon besoiogne fait gy du merde se delivrer' ('It was well to be rid of shit'), he appointed Guardians to run the country for him; John Warenne as lieutenant, Hugh Cressingham as treasurer and Walter of Amersham as chancellor.
	www.templum.freeserve.co.uk /history/liberty/englishoccupation.htm (536 words)

	Scotland Adventures
		He was crowned king of Scotia using the Stone of Destiny, after moving his capital from Dalraida in the west to Scone in the east.
		His grandfather was among the thirteen competitors for the crown after the death of Queen Margaret.
		Her life was surrounded by death and political maneuvers which were designed to bring Scotland under the dominion of a greater power.
	www.angelfire.com /ak3/dailyword/scotland4.html (1485 words)

	Robert I of Scotland Summary
		Although his paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage, his maternal ancestors were Gaelic, and he became one of Scotland's greatest kings, as well as one of the most famous warriors of his generation, eventually leading Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence against England.
		The laws and liberties of Scotland would be as they had been in the day of Alexander III, and any that needed alteration would be with the advice of Edward and the advice and assent of the Scots nobles.
		He was crowned King of Scots as Robert I at Scone, near Perth on 25 March, by Isabella, Countess of Buchan, (alleged by the English to be his mistress) who claimed the right of her family, the Macduff Earls of Fife, to place the Scottish king on his throne.
	www.bookrags.com /Robert_I_of_Scotland (4876 words)

	Clan Grant from Scottish Themes, Scotland
		The early ancestors of Clan Grant are generally considered to have arrived in Scotland when the Norman settlers in England, after the Norman Conquest, decided to settle further north in Scotland.
		This helped to establish the family in Scotland; one of their sons went on to became the sheriff of Inverness as well as being awarded the title Sir Laurence le Grande.
		During the battle for succession in Scotland when Bruce was one of the competitors for the Crown of Scotland, the Grants chose to follow Bruce and support him.
	www.scottishthemes.com /clan/clan_grant.html (371 words)

	Blackstone's Commentaries - Book the First : Chapter the Third : Of the King and His Title
		NEVERTHELESS the crown defcended regularly from Henry IV to his fon and grandfon Henry V and VI; in the latter of whofe reigns the houfe of York afferted their dormant title; and, after imbruing the kingdom in blood and confufion for feven years together, at laft eftablifhed it in the perfon of Edward IV.
		crown is limited to prince Edward by name after that to the lady Mary, and then to the lady Elizabeth, and the heirs of their refpective bodies; which fucceffion took effect accordingly, being indeed no other than the ufual courfe of the law, with regard to the defcent of the crown.
		Formerly the defcent was abfolute, and the crown went to the next heir without any reftriction: but now upon the new fettlement, the inheritance is conditional, being limited to fuch heirs only, of the body of the princefs Sophia, a are proteftant members of the church of England, and are married to none but proteftants.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/blackstone/bk1ch3.htm (6503 words)

	The history of the Edgar name
		In Scotland, when a family parted with its paternal acres, the origin of its descendants was soon lost, owing, in a great measure, to deficiencies in parochial and heraldic registration.
		The locality of his birth is not given, and, as parish registers in Scotland are imperfect, it might be difficult to find this entry of baptism, although that of Peter Edgar, a younger brother, is recorded in the Dunse register.
		The origin of the family of Edgar with its numerous branches in the south-west of Scotland is probably attributable to the marriage of Richard Edgar in the time of Robert the Bruce with the co-heiress of Ros of Sanquhar, and also to Donald, son of the former.
	www.geocities.com /edgarhistory/index.html (11426 words)

	The Earliest Wemyss
		By treaty between England and Scotland she was to become the Queen of England by marriage with Edward, Prince of Wales and was educated in Scotland with the view to that marriage.
		He was one of the Scottish barons who assembled at the great convention held near Norham in June 1291, when the competitors for the crown of Scotland acknowledged the supremacy of King Edward the First, and the Scottish fortresses were surrendered.
		King John Baliol’s brief and unfortunate career as king of Scotland lead to the attack by the English king, Edward at Berwick in March of 1296 and the defeat of the Ccttish army at Dunbar, and the victorious march of Edward over a great portion of Scotland.
	bally.fortunecity.com /carlow/97/wemyss.html (1720 words)

	Black Agnes - Agnes Randolf, Countess of Dunbar, March and Moray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He was one of the ten competitors for the crown of Scotland (1291) ; and when, in 1296, Edward I. with a powerful army entered Scotland, the Earl of Dunbar took part against his country.
		On the marriage of Margaret of England with the King of Scotland in 1502, the earldom of Dunbar and lordship of Cockburnspath, with their dependencies, were assigned as the jointure of the young Queen ; but the castle of Dunbar is expressly mentioned as being reserved by the King to himself.
		A rough tombstone, rudely inscribed with the name of Sir William Douglas, is in the vicinity of Broxmouth House; and in Broxmouth grounds is a small mound, crowned with a cedar of Lebanon, and known as Cromwell's Mount, since from it Cromwell beheld the descent of Leslie's army from Doon Hill.
	www.lammermoor.com /blackagnes/history.html (4922 words)

	ONCE WERE WARRIORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For nearly a thousand years, clansmen, chiefs, and competitors came from all over Scotland and banded together to compete against one another in what is often defined as one of the most rigorous forms of competition in the world.
		In 1746, Bonnie Prince Charlie and his Highland clansmen were soundly beaten and slaughtered by the armies of the Crown at the Battle of Culloden.
		The competitor must "pick" a caber, run and toss it so it lands straight out from him/her at a 12 o'clock position.
	www.oncewerewarriors.net /ONCEWERE/12-HIGHLAND/highl.html (757 words)

	Historical perspective for Dunbar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It was on him that the ` British Solomon ' chiefly depended for the restoration of prelacy in Scotland; and, at the parliament held at Perth in 1606, he had the skill to carry through the act for the restoration of the estate of bishops.
		He was one of the ten competitors for the crown of Scotland (1291); and when, in 1296, Edward I. with a powerful army entered Scotland, the Earl of Dunbar took part against his country.
		On the marriage of Margaret of England with the King of Scotland in 1502, the earldom of Dunbar and lordship of Cockburnspath, with their dependencies, were assigned as the jointure of the young Queen; but the castle of Dunbar is expressly mentioned as being reserved by the King to himself.
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /scotgaz/towns/townhistory274.html (6397 words)

	Bisset, Byset, or Bissert
		It is one of many instances of Norman, or rather French, names, given at this early age to localities in the north of Scotland.
		He died in 1366, without issue, and in 1371 the countess resigned the earldom to Robert Stuart, earl of Menteith and duke of Albany, the brother of Walter Scott, her second husband, who died young, without issue.
		Bisset is said by a recent biographer [Chambers’ Scottish Biography] to have been a descendant of Thomas Bisset or Bissert, earl of Fife in the reign of David the Second.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/nation/bisset.htm (2298 words)

	MyClan.com : Clan Dunbar : Clan History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Her brother, Patrick, went to the Crusades, and died in 1248 at the siege of Damietta in Egypt.
		Patrick ‘Black Beard’, Earl of Dunbar, was one of the competitors for the Crown of Scotland at Berwick in 1291 through his royal great-grandmother, Ada.
		Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow and Lord High Chancellor of Scotland in the reign of James V, was a younger son of Sir John Dunbar of Mochrum.
	www.myclan.com /clans/Dunbar_29/default.php (855 words)

	Scottish Enlightenment
		Scotland's connection to England began officially in 1603, when King James VI of Scotland inherited the English crown and became also King James I of England.
		Scotland's attempts to muscle in on colonial commerce started -- and ended -- with the ill-fated "Darien scheme" to set up a Scottish colony in Central America in 1698-1702.
		Although sharing the French speculative-rationalist spirit, the work of the Scottish philosophers was tempered with doses of severe skepticism and a more pronounced form of utilitarianism.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/schools/scottish.htm (1987 words)

	KINGS OF SCOTLAND
		THE Royal House of Scotland arose from the union in 843 of the Kingdom of the Scots, Dalriada with Caledonia, the kingdom of the Picts, which latter comprised the northern and eastern parts of the country.
		In his reign the north and west of Scotland were conquered by the Northmen, under Thorfinn, Jarl of the Orkneys.
		While Alexander reigned over Scotland, north of the Forth and Clyde, his brother DAVID, who had been trained in England, and was Earl of Northumberland, ruled with the title of Earl in Lothian and Cumbria.
	www.burkes-peerage.net /sites/common/sitepages/rokings1.asp (1025 words)

	The Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		National Museums Scotland has ditched the name of the 150-year-old building as part of wider marketing makeover, which also includes a new logo – a stylised saltire created from question and exclamation marks – and new identities for other museums in its portfolio.
		Dr Gordon Rintoul, director of the newly-named National Museums Scotland, sought permission from the Queen for the removal of the royal tag from the museum, which gained its name in 1904, 45 years after Prince Albert laid its foundation stone.
		The new rebranding, which cost "less than £100,000", of the National Museums Scotland came after the museum decided to revamp its image and respond to the lure of competitors, including, according to Ms Holden, the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum and the Science Centre in Glasgow.
	www.theherald.co.uk /news/72123.html (778 words)

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