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Topic: Complete IPCC List of Greenhouse Gases

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	Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000 - Appendix C-Tier 1 Uncertainty Analysis of Emissions Estimates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Tier 1 approach, however, as pointed out by the IPCC may be inappropriate when combining non-normal distributions, as may be the case with some of the distributions for emissions factors and activities.
		The bulk of the potential uncertainty in the overall national estimate takes the form of bias errors, which are likely to persist from one year to the next and, thus, have relatively little influence on trends, rather than random errors, which would increase the difficulty of determining whether or not a trend exists.
		In general, this report attempts to measure "anthropogenic" (human-caused) emissions and sequestration of greenhouse gases in the United States, excluding carbon emissions of biological origin.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/1605/gg01rpt/appendixc.html (1617 words)

	Polycarbonate Greenhouses
		Greenhouses are often used for growing flowers, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco plants.
		The term ''greenhouse effect'' may be used to refer to two different things in common parlance: the natural greenhouse effect, which refers to the greenhouse effect which occurs naturally on earth, and the enhanced (anthropogenic) greenhouse effect, which results from human activities (global warming).
		Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gaseous components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect.
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/158/polycarbonate-greenhouses.html (1391 words)

	JunkScience.com -- The Real Inconvenient Truth: Greenhouse, global warming and some facts
		The term "greenhouse effect" is unfortunate since it often results in a totally false impression of the activity of so-called "greenhouse gases." An actual greenhouse works as a physical barrier to convection (the transfer of heat by currents in a fluid) while the atmosphere facilitates convection.
		Greenhouse gases are generally transparent to incoming solar radiation -- they let most solar radiation through -- and opaque to Earth's radiation -- they absorb and transfer the Earth's infrared radiation by a variety of means.
		Greenhouse gases do not emit energy in the same bandwidth that they absorb energy, and thus emissions from carbon dioxide are not absorbed by carbon dioxide.
	www.junkscience.com /Greenhouse (6426 words)

	IPCC Third Assessment Report
		The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organization for the purpose of assessing "the scientific, technical and socioeconomic information relevant for the understanding of the risk of human-induced climate change.
		It is important to note that although the IPCC is organized within a political institutional framework, it is fundamentally a scientific body-made up and led by leading scientists from around the world.
		Because the assessments of the IPCC are the most comprehensive and balanced evaluations of the climate change issue, however, its work is probably the single most important foundation on which climate policy is built [2].
	www.ucsusa.org /ssi/archive/tar-series-the-ipcc-process.html (3674 words)

	Home Greenhouse
		A greenhouse is built of glass or plastic; it heats up because the sun's incoming electromagnetic radiation warms plants, soil, and other things inside the building.
		MrJones made 2 mods: :Greenhouse gases are gaseous components of the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect, believed to be the major cause of global warming.
		Operation Greenhouse was the fifth American nuclear test series, the second conducted in 1951 and the first to test thermonuclear weapons (''hydrogen bombs'').
	www.artistbooking.com /trips/81/home-greenhouse.html (1505 words)

	Dædalus
		The greenhouse effect, which allows incoming solar radiation to pass through the earth’s atmosphere but prevents much of the outgoing infrared radiation from escaping into outer space, is a natural process.
		With 4 to 5 percent of the world’s population, it emits 22 percent of the world’s greenhouse gases.
		This was a first step toward reducing greenhouse gases, but only a small step: far greater levels of reduction will be needed to stabilize greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at safe levels.
	www.amacad.org /publications/daedalus/final/brown.aspx (5196 words)

	IPCC list of greenhouse gases - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		(Redirected from Complete IPCC List of Greenhouse Gases)
		This is a list of greenhouse gases as used by the IPCC TAR.
		[edit] Gases relevant to radiative forcing and ozone depletion (per IPCC documentation)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Complete_IPCC_List_of_Greenhouse_Gases (113 words)

	The IPCC Assessment Process
		The entire IPCC Plenary met in April 2001 to approve the contributions of the three Working Groups, and then in September 2001 to approve the Synthesis report.
		It is important to note that although the IPCC is organized within a political institutional framework, it is fundamentally a scientific body—made up and led by leading scientists from around the world.
		Full IPCC Plenary: September 24-29 -- London, UK The Technical Support Units, Co-Chairs, and Bureaus of each Working Group together assemble a list of proposed authors for an assessment report, but the final selection of lead authors is done by the full plenary of each Working Group.
	www.ucsusa.org /global_warming/science/the-ipcc-assessment-process.html (3297 words)

	Climate Change : 3. What climate changes are expected for the future?
		Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the gases that control their concentration would be necessary to stabilise radiative forcing.
		For the SRES illustrative scenarios, relative to the year 2000, the global mean radiative forcing due to greenhouse gases continues to increase through the 21st century, with the fraction due to CO2 projected to increase from slightly more than half to about three quarters.
		Global mean surface temperature increases and rising sea level from thermal expansion of the ocean are projected to continue for hundreds of years after stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations (even at present levels), owing to the long timescales on which the deep ocean adjusts to climate change.
	www.greenfacts.org /studies/climate_change/l_3/climate_change_3.htm (2063 words)

	A Plain English Guide to the Science of Climate Change
		The core greenhouse effect theory is simple: When sunlight reaches the surface of the earth, some of its energy is absorbed by the ground, some of it is reflected back unchanged, and some of the energy absorbed is re-emitted by the ground in the form of heat.
		The sixth major greenhouse gas is water vapor, and while it’s almost certain that human action influences the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, the role of water vapor in climate change is still highly uncertain, as will be discussed later.
		Modern, reliable measurements of greenhouse gases are an even newer source of data, beginning with carbon dioxide measurements at the South Pole in 1957, at Mauna Loa in 1958, and later for methane, nitrous oxides and chlorofluorocarbons.
	www.reason.org /ps237.html (6288 words)

	Climate change: some basics
		Greenhouse gases in earth's atmosphere, while largely transparent to incoming solar radiation, absorb most of the infrared emitted by earth's surface.
		The atmospheric `greenhouse' effect, being caused by absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation, is a misnomer.
		Among these, the presumably most important three are: human-made greenhouse gases warming human-made tropospheric aerosols cooling natural climatic variability cooling or warming The geographic and vertical pattern of the temperature changes suggests an influence from human-made greenhouse gases and aerosols as well as from stratospheric ozone depletion [IPCC 95, chapter 8] [Ramaswamy] [Santer] [Tett].
	www.faqs.org /faqs/sci/climate-change/basics (7932 words)

	Department of Energy - Office of Policy and International Affairs
		A more comprehensive list of greenhouse gases would include additional gases, most notably some of the conventional, or "criteria," pollutants for which emissions data is collected by EPA and State agencies under various air quality programs.
		Because the Act does not provide a definition of "greenhouse gases," DOE has initially limited the coverage of the guidelines to those long-lived greenhouse gases specifically mentioned in the statutory provisions, or inferred to in the statutory language which provides examples of emissions reductions measures.
		Information needed to estimate emissions of greenhouse gases is reported by all major fossil fuel electricity generating plants in several reports submitted to EIA, for example, on EIA Form 767 (fuel use by generating unit) and EIA Form 861 (utilities' net generation and sales to ultimate customers).
	www.pi.energy.gov /enhancingGHGregistry/june1994FR.html (8109 words)

	Climate Change: Selected Nations’ Reports on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Varied in Their Adherence to Standards United ...
		Recognizing that good-quality data on all nations’ greenhouse gas emissions are critical to determining whether the Framework Convention is successful at stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, the parties to the convention are working in several ways to ensure the quality of the emissions data that nations report.
		Emissions of these gases are generally not measured because doing so would be too costly; consequently, they must be estimated.[6] In this regard, the IPCC, at the parties’ request, developed detailed guidance on methodologies for nations to use when estimating their emissions and revised that guidance twice, most recently in 1999.
		On the basis of that report, the IPCC began drafting new good practice guidance for estimating emissions and removals for the land-use change and forestry sector, which is due to be completed in late 2003.
	www.mindfully.org /Air/2003/Climate-Change-GAO23dec03.htm (9007 words)

	Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States, 1999 - Appendix C-Uncertainty in Emissions Estimates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This suggests that estimates may be upwardly biased by the inclusion of nonhydrocarbon gases, such as hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide, in the statistics.
		In 1997, the IPCC published new emissions factors that were some four times higher than the emissions factors used in earlier editions of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States.
		The IPCC emissions factors were derived from limited data and are global averages, which may differ from U.S. averages.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oiaf/1605/gg00rpt/appendixc.htm (9684 words)

	Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) Awards
		The objective of the proposed dynamical diagnosis is to enhance the representation of the observed modes of recurrent seasonal-to-interannual variability in the CSM runs so that climate-impact assessments for increased greenhouse gases and seasonal-to-interannual predictions obtained from this model are more credible.
		Traditional methods for evaluating the ability of climate models to represent the transport of constituent gases rests on simple correlation and mean quantity analyses of simulated transports and observed fields.
		Broader Impacts: Improvements in the ability of climate models to simulate the atmospheric transport of radiatively active trace gases is important for future climate projections; a benefit for environmental managers and policy makers in their efforts to understand and manage climate change.
	www.cgd.ucar.edu /csm/management/SGERS/SGERList.html (5284 words)

	Clean Air World
		During the later stages of eutrophication the water body is choked by abundant plant life due to higher levels of nutritive compounds such as nitrogen and phosphorus.
		Global warming has occurred in the distant past as the result of natural influences, but the term is most often used to refer to the warming predicted to occur as a result of increased emissions of greenhouse gases.
		The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recently concluded that increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are causing an increase in the Earth's surface temperature and that increased concentrations of sulfate aerosols have led to relative cooling in some regions, generally over and downwind of heavily industrialized areas.
	www.cleanairworld.com /glossary.asp (6682 words)

	The UN IPCC's Artful Bias
		Greenhouse gases have to warm the atmosphere, where the heat is trapped, before warming the surface of the earth below.
		Therefore the range of aerosol forcings is much larger than the ranges for the greenhouse gases, which are shown to have a "high" level of understanding.
		The UN IPCC has ignored scientific advances that undercut the theory of human interference, including the profound chaos science that is presented in the Third Assessment Report itself.
	www.john-daly.com /guests/un_ipcc.htm (4385 words)

	Rep. Henry Waxman - In the News - Op-Eds and Articles
		Through the resulting "greenhouse effect," the buildup of these gases is expected to lead to a warmer earth.
		While scientists are not yet in complete agreement on how much the earth will warm, or how quickly the warming will occur, there is a general consensus that global average temperatures will increase by three to nine degrees Fahrenheit over the next 100 years.
		Indeed, there is broad scientific agreement that, because greenhouse gases can remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years, the longer we wait, the more difficult and costly it will be to protect our climate.
	www.house.gov /waxman/news_files/news_articles_global_warm_real_2_18_91.htm (1289 words)

	STATE OF THE WORLD'S FORESTS 2001
		The Convention aims at stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in an effort to reduce human-induced disturbances to the global climate system.
		Thirty-nine developed countries (comprising a slightly modified list of Annex 1 Parties) committed themselves to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions between 2008 and 2012 by at least 5 percent compared with 1990 levels.
		It is now generally accepted that this change in global temperature is caused primarily by rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, principally carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O).
	www.fao.org /docrep/003/y0900e/y0900e06.htm (6504 words)

	FAS Public Interest Report, March-April 1996
		This suggests that concerted government ac tion must be taken to limit the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases before all scientific uncertainties are resolved because of the long time constants associated with the climate system.
		In spite of the scientific evidence linking human activities (emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide) to climate change and the potential for adverse consequences, national governments and international organizations are moving cautiou sly in adopting measures to face the problem of human-induced climate change.
		If you look at the most recent IPCC report, which I believe accurately reflects the state of the affairs with respect to what you can expect with extremes, there is a chapter in there that talks about projections as to what is predicted by models.
	www.fas.org /faspir/pir0496.html (5594 words)

	NOW. For Educators. Global Warming \| PBS
		Students should be familiar with the terms, "global warming," the "greenhouse effect," and "greenhouse gases." Also, that the U.S. is a leading producer of greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming.
		Using the resources listed here, have students work in pairs, small groups, or as a class to complete the graphic organizer, noting specific facts and using the back of the sheet to note more in-depth details as needed.
		When projects are completed, display student projects and/or have students present them to the class as a way of demonstrating their point of view on global warming issues.
	www.pbs.org /now/classroom/globalwarming.html (1875 words)

	AGENDA 21 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT TO REDUCE CARBON AND OTHER HARMFUL GREENHOUSE GASES POLLUTION \| RIO SUMMIT AN KYOTO ...
		Countries that ratify this protocol commit to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases, or engage in emissions trading if they maintain or increase emissions of these gases.
		The objective is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system" UNFCCC-2.
		The goal is to lower overall emissions from six greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs - calculated as an average over the five-year period of 2008-12.
	www.solarnavigator.net /agenda_21.htm (3849 words)

	Global warming could destroy Great Barrier Reef \| NEWS.com.au
		The IPCC report says that an increase of only 2C will result in the bleaching of the world's reefs, with catastrophic consequences for species diversity and local economies that depend on them.
		Greenhouse gases are invisible gases that trap heat from the sun, causing atmospheric temperatures to rise and eventually heating up the oceans and land.
		There are also natural sources of these gases, but those emissions are discounted by scientists as the driver for today's deeply troubling rise in global temperatures.
	www.news.com.au /story/0,10117,21510392-421,00.html?from=public_rss (667 words)

	The Kyoto Protocol and Emissions Trading
		Extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere would not be particularly worrisome if it weren’t for the impact such gases are thought to have on the global climate.
		The balance of evidence suggests that the gases released into the atmosphere by human beings have caused the average surface air temperature of the earth to increase between.3 and.6 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century ("Greenhouse Gases").
		Alternative energy sources could eliminate the necessity of burning the fossil fuels which emit the dangerous greenhouse gases that are the source of global warming.
	www.american.edu /TED/kyoto-emissions.htm (3803 words)

	The Real Final: Greenhouse Warming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The data was analyzed to find out if the greenhouse gases: water vapor and carbon dioxide are linked in their affect or if it is more complex than it seems.
		At numerous environmental conferences, greenhouse gases such as CO2 and methane (CH4) are discussed primarily, while, many times the role of water vapor in both its natural and anthropogenic aspects remains unmentioned.
		It's apparent though, that the most detrimental effects of this greenhouse warming has occurred ever since the industrial revolution, so it is safe to say that we are causing a much more than naturalistic increase in greenhouse gases.
	jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu /climatechange02/FinalArticles/TheRealFinal.GreenhouseWa.html (4064 words)

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