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Topic: Composting toilets

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	Composting toilet -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		There are two basic types of compost toilet, those that complete the (additional info and facts about composting) composting process 'in situ' such as an (A small outbuilding with a bench having holes through which a user can defecate) outhouse, and those that are emptied to a separate compost pile remote from the toilet itself.
		All composting toilets need to be emptied, although some manufacturers claim as few as two to three times a year even with commercial use.
		However, at the present time commercially produced composting toilets remain a (additional info and facts about niche market) niche market primarily sold for use in remote cabins, other places that traditional sewage treatment or septic systems are not practical, or where an overt display of environmentalism serves some need.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/composting_toilet.htm (714 words)

	Composting Toilets
		The composting toilet is well-suited for (but not limited to) remote areas where water is scarce, or areas with low percolation, high water tables, shallow soil or rough terrain.
		A composting toilet is a well ventilated container that provides the optimum environment for unsaturated biological and physical decomposition of human wastes under sanitary, controlled aerobic conditions.
		Composting toilet systems may require organic bulking agents to be added, such as grass clippings, leaves, sawdust or finely chopped straw.
	wlapwww.gov.bc.ca /wat/wq/nps/BMP_Compendium/Municipal/OnSite/Alternative_Systems/Composting_Toilet.htm (1417 words)

	Sourcebook: Composting Toilets
		Composting toilets are lawful in Austin provided the units are approved by the National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) or engineered by a registered Professional Engineer.
		Ordinances #880310-H and #880310-I address composting toilets and are a part of Chapters 6-10 of the Austin City Code.
		The composting toilet is considered an alternative system and must be inspected annually by the Health Department.
	www.greenbuilder.com /sourcebook/CompostToilet.html (687 words)

	Composting Toilet Systems
		The primary objective of the composting toilet system is to contain, immobilize or destroy organisms that cause human disease (pathogens), thereby reducing the risk of human infection to acceptable levels without contaminating the immediate or distant environment and harming its inhabitants.
		Composting toilet systems are either self-contained, whereby the toilet seat and a small composting reactor are one unit (typically small cottage models), or centralized or remote, where the toilet connects to a composting reactor that is somewhere else.
		Passive composters are often referred to as moldering toilets, as the process at work is natural uncontrolled decay at cool in-ground temperatures at or below 68° F. In this cool environment, molds (fungi and actinomycetes) are the primary biological decomposers, because it is a bit too cool for the faster-acting mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria.
	oikos.com /library/compostingtoilet (1109 words)

	Fornyet Energi, Composting Toilet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Composting toilets do away with this water wastage and at the same time keep feces, paper and even urine out of the sewage system.
		Composting toilets vary in appearance depending upon the manufacturer, but common for them all, is that they have a collection container for feces, paper, in some cases kitchen garbage, while some separate urine into a second container.
		The components of our composting toilet take up the same amount of space as a traditional flush toilet in the toiletroom itself, while the collection-container and ante-chamber are located beneath the floor of the toiletroom or from a connected "lightbox" located outdoors.
	www.deatech.com /natural/waste/toilet.html (922 words)

	HOW THE "SUN-MAR" TOILETS WORK
		Heat is generated by the compost itself, assisted by the heating element (on electric models); while oxygen is provided by the ventilation system, and the tumbling action of the composting drum.
		While in the finishing drawer, the compost is surrounded by a stream of drying air, and absorbs the radiant heat from the evaporating chamber.
		The third chamber, which forms the base of the toilet, is the evaporating surface from where any excess liquids which cannot be absorbed by the compost are evaporated or drained.
	www.mtlion.com /sunmar/works.htm (1243 words)

	Sun Mar composting toilets @ Survival Unlimited .com - composting toilets from Biolet also. Great for your moutain ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The mass in the drum enables the compost to hold warmth in the core of the compost.
		Compost in this drawer is totally isolated from material in the Bio-drum, is surrounded by drying air, and is no longer subject to contamination from fresh waste.
		The third chamber, the base of the toilet, is the evaporating surface from where any excess liquids which cannot be absorbed by the compost are evaporated or drained.
	www.survivalunlimited.com /toilets/3chamber.htm (740 words)

	Natural Building Colloquium
		Interest in composting toilets emerged from the growing concern for technologies which were "earth-wise." Some manufacturers have been pushing their composters into a more broad acceptance since that time.
		This heat of metabolism cannot be expected to heat the compost to thermophilic temperatures in most composting toilets because of the lack of sufficient volume and because of the multi-aged nature of the batches.
		If you determine that the compost batch presents a threat to your health and the health of the community that cannot be adequately addressed, then the "major problem default sequence" alternative should save the integrity of the future soil amendment and insure a health-risk free environment.
	www.networkearth.org /naturalbuilding/toilets.html (2014 words)

	Composting Toilets (on HomeFizz.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Provider of composting toilet waste recycling systems for residential use and sites where reliable, odor-free public toilets are needed.
		The tale of a large office complex converting to the use of composting toilets, and a smattering of other resources and links on human waste recycling.
		International meeting place for people using or considering a composting toilet, either a selfbuilt one or a commercial model.
	www.homefizz.com /Gardening/Soil_and_Additives/Compost/Composting_Toilets (419 words)

	Composting Toilets - Replacing an illogical practice with an ecological solution
		Composting toilets are becoming more and more acceptable and popular with people in all types of situations.
		Composting toilets are finding their way into mainstream homes due to tightening wastewater regulations, awareness of pollution, and compatible grey-water systems.
		Composting toilets usually require permits from town, county, or state officials and the ease of permitting them varies widely in different countries.
	www.uwanted.net (804 words)

	SunMar and Clivus Multrum composting toilet system sales, installation, and service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Composting toilets offer an odorless, waterless alternative to installing a conventional septic tank, smelly vault privy, or worse yet, a portapotty portable chemical toilet or outhouse.
		The key to a composting toilet's "odor-free" operation, is the type of bacteria involved in the decomposition of toilet waste.
		The Excel composting toilet sits directly on your restroom floor, so installation simply involves cutting a hole in the roof for the vent, gluing a few pieces of pipe together, connecting the emergency overflow hose to a small drywell or holding tank, and then plugging the unit into an electrical outlet.
	www.thenaturalhome.com /compost.html (3175 words)

	Composting Toilets by phred
		I have used composting toilets on occasion, but do not use a composting toilet in my RV (though I probably would if I had room for one), so this is not written from much hands-on experience.
		In the finishing drawer, compost is surrounded by a stream of drying air and absorbs radiant heat from the evaporating chamber.
		Heat is generated from the compost itself (the "stuff" in the toilet, augmented by a heating element in electric models and by the toilet being indoors).
	www.phrannie.org /compost.html (3132 words)

	weblife.org: Humanure Handbook: Chapter 6: Composting Toilets and Systems
		Other toilets are simply collection devices in which humanure is deposited, then removed to a separate composting location away from the toilet area.
		Such a toilet is only attractive to people who don't mind the regular job of emptying containers of compost onto a compost pile, and who are willing to responsibly manage the compost to prevent odor and to ensure thermophilic conditions.
		They tend to be less expensive than commercial composting toilets, and they can be built to whatever size and capacity the household requires, allowing for some creativity in their design.
	www.weblife.org /humanure/chapter6.html (636 words)

	Composting Toilets
		Composting uses natural aerobic bacteria, peat moss and evaporation to rapidly reduce and recycle wastes.
		Compost is dropped periodically into finishing drawer for removal.
		Composter is in basement, crawl space or along outside of house—within 20’ of Sealand flush toilet or directly under if using dry toilet.
	www.kansaswindpower.net /composting_toilets.htm (889 words)

	Composting Dry Toilets, Ecological Ecuador Hotel
		The "FLUSH" for a composting toilet is the "dry stuff", made up of sawdust, dry chopped leaves or any other dry organic matter.
		The composting toilets at the Black Sheep Inn bridge this gap, providing an excellent view, making you feel at one with nature, while offering privacy and comfort.
		The roofs of our composting toilets are made of a transparent material providing natural light for bathroom and gardens.
	www.blacksheepinn.com /CompostingToilet.htm (989 words)

	Sun-Mar Composting Toilets - Low prices on all SunMar products
		The compost should be mixed and aerated every third day (or at the end of the weekend) while the toilet is in use, simply by turning the drum handle and rotating the drum 4-6 complete revolutions.
		Composting action decreases with temperature, so for extended winter use, all piping should be well insulated and the unit should be kept at a minimum temperature of about 55-60 degrees Fahrenheit (13-15 Celsius).
		For periodic use in winter, the toilet may be used as a holding tank, until the compost warms up, and the microbes emerge from dormancy.
	www.altenergystore.com /cart/sunmar_compost_toilets.html (1088 words)

	Enterprising Technology Transfer: The Puerto Morelos Composting Toilet Project
		The first composting toilet was built with local labor and materials in May 1993.
		The toilets were first constructed for the poorest members of the Puerto Morelos community, but soon demand for them came from eco-tourism operators and wealthier homeowners up and down the coastline.
		Its purpose is to control the deployment and development of composting toilets in an efficient and economical manner with a primary goal to bring ecological technologies to the marketplace.
	www.solutions-site.org /cat8_sol82.htm (1343 words)

	Composting Toilets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Composting toilets are an environmental alternative to traditional toilet systems including septic tanks, holding tanks and regular flush toilets.
		Composting toilet systems are ideal for homes, cottages, cabins, commercial applications and more.
		These truly are systems, and not just toilets, that come in a variety of power choices, depending on the model.
	store.itoilets.com /co.html (125 words)

	Composting Toilet World
		This is an old advertisement from 1977 for Envirolet Composting Toilets.
		Composting Toilet World is an advocate for the use of composting toilets worldwide.
		Another example of early composting toilet history that throws the recent claims of some manufacturers that they invented composting toilets out the window.
	www.compostingtoilet.org (831 words)

	Creative Energy Technologies Inc: Residential Composting Toilets from Sun-Mar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		On Centrex 1000 and Centrex 2000 units, compost is extracted into the drawer by rotating the drum backwards.
		Although advertised composting capacities can be doubled for short periods, Sun-Mar has found that wherever possible it is always better to have a good margin of safety.
		Compost Quick is an extremely effective cleaner/deodorizer for composting toilets.
	www.cetsolar.com /sunmarhome.htm (805 words)

	Sun-Mar Composting Toilets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Wherever there is a poorly working septic system, a Sun-Mar can take care of the toilet waste; where there is an outhouse, we offer the luxury of an indoor facility; and where there is no toilet at all, a Sun-Mar composting toilet provides the right environmental choice.
		Since waste entering the toilets is over 90% water content, it is evaporated and carried back to the atmosphere through the vent system.
		Sun-Mar offers the only composting toilets in the world that are listed and certified by NSF (National Sanitation Foundation) under Standard 41 for Residential or Cottage use.
	www.sun-mar.com (368 words)

	Composting Toilets
		Information on the use of composting toilets in cities is not easy to find.
		Compost toilet systems are more common in parks, roadside facilities and vacation homes.
		It is an online PDF manual that features information on several owner-built and commercially made composting toilet systems that are being used to manage human waste at high use campsites on the Long Trail and Appalachian Trail.
	www.cityfarmer.org /comptoilet64.html (1237 words)

	Equaris - a less expensive and safer environmental alternative to septic systems
		The major sources of wastewater pollution in conventional septic and sewer systems are the toilet and garbage disposal.
		Because all Equaris Technologies "reduce, reuse and recycle", they are both sustainable and cost less than conventional water and sewage systems while dramatically reducing water usage and treating all organic wastes.
		In the 1990's Equaris applied its technologies to the development of advanced wastewater treatment systems for Alaskan homeowners and fishing lodges who were experiencing problems installing septic systems in the fragile Alaskan environment.
	www.alascanofmn.com (481 words)

	Compost Toilet at City Farmer
		Use of the toilet has been "light" because it is not our home toilet, and because there are two alternative flush toilets inside the building where we work.
		Removing finished compost from the toilet was easy; we simply turned the drum handle anti-clockwise while pulling a release plug which in turn let material fall into the bottom drawer.
		The project is located in the Compost Garden at the rear of 2150 Maple Street and includes a compost toilet and a rainwater collection system using two City of Vancouver rainbarrels and a number of different roofing materials.
	www.cityfarmer.org /CFcomposttoilet.html (2138 words)

	toilets
		"dry" or dehydration toilets are more practical than the true composters, even though theydo use more power and require more frequent maintenance.
		These toilets are easy touse -- simply plug in the cord and install the vent -- and can be moved readily to otherlocations.
		By not using water at all for toilets, the rest of the household water can so much moreeasily be treated and disposed of that there are hundreds of viable and sensible options in
	www.enviroalternatives.com /toilets.html (1283 words)

	Composting Toilets - Find, Compare, and Buy at Shopping.com
		Composting Toilet The Sealand Sealand 510 Plus Sealand 2010 Sun-Mar offers a selection of 1 pint flush toilets for use with regular Centrex 1000, 200...
		EXCEL < back Long considered the standard in composting toilet performance, the EXCEL is the preferred self-contained electric model for heavy or resi...
		Sturdy, low weight, and portable, this eco-friendly toilet is perfect for camping, bird-watching, boating, hiking and other outdoor activities Ideally...
	www.shopping.com /xGS-Composting_Toilets (664 words)

	Composting Toilets
		BioLet Composting toilets, the best selling composting toilets in the world, are as easy and comfortable to use as flush toilets -- and, there is no need for costly installations of water or sewer lines or connection to septic systems.
		The BioLet Composting toilet is a patented biological waste treatment system which evaporates excessive moisture and decomposes human waste with the help of nature's own microorganisms.
		In addition, contributing to environmental conservation, BioLet composting toilets not only do not pollute our lakes, streams, oceans and the ground, but also generate an end-product beneficial for the soil without using valuable water.
	www.compost-toilets.com (147 words)

	solar composting advanced toilet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Solar Composting Advanced Toilet is designed to recycle human excrement and urine into a relatively dry and deodorized compost which can be safely and easily applied to the immediately surrounding landscape.
		The S.C.A.T. is a self-contained freestanding structure using inexpensive convenient organic materials such as peat moss or sawdust to promote effective composting.
		No foul odors: Composting is an aerobic process in which microorganisms convert organic material into soil.
	www.solartoilet.com (289 words)

	Composting to the Ultimate - Humanure
		Since we are out in the boonies and have no piped in water to waste, we also use composting toilets.
		In hot, dry weather, it is a good idea to soak the compost pile to keep them wet enough to do their chemical process stuff.
		Of course, the irony is that the program has them hating it, complaining, and having to empty it after each use - so much for their factual knowledge on the subject.
	www.angelfire.com /mo/sasschool/compost.html (1429 words)

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