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Topic: Comprehensive Program for Socialist Economic Integration

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	Comecon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1985 Comprehensive Program for Scientific and Technical Progress and the rise to power of Soviet general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev increased Soviet influence in Comecon operations and led to attempts to give Comecon some degree of supranational authority.
		The Comprehensive Program for Scientific and Technical Progress was designed to improve economic cooperation through the development of a more efficient and interconnected scientific and technical base.
		It was a regionally, not ideologically, integrated organization, whose members had all attained an accomplished level of industrialization and were considered to be roughly equal trading partners.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Council_for_Mutual_Economic_Assistance (2190 words)

	Program of the CPC
		State-monopoly capitalism – the integration or merging of the interests of finance capital with the state – is a new stage in the extension of corporate control to all sectors of economic and political life.
		Historically, the economic base for reformism and opportunism inside the labor movement has been the imperialist exploitation of the colonial and semi-colonial peoples, enabling the imperialists of the exploiting countries to pass on a small share of their super-profits to a section of the workers in the form of higher wages.
		That program would arise in the course of the social, economic and political struggles of the working class and its democratic allies, and be subject to the widest discussion and approval among all of the forces of the alliance.
	www.communist-party.ca /program/program_00.html (19633 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Soviet Union / Appendix B
		Their mission was "to ensure the comprehensive examination and a multilateral settlement of the major problems of cooperation among member countries in the economy, science, and technology." All four committees were headquartered in Moscow and usually met there.
		The program viewed the two sets of policies as complementary and affirmed that "because the international socialist division of labor is effected with due account taken of the world division of labor, the Comecon member countries shall continue to develop economic, scientific, and technological ties with other countries, irrespective of their social and political system."
		Effective and comprehensive plan coordination was significantly impeded, however, by the continued momentum of earlier parallel development strategies and the desire of members to minimize the risks of mutual dependence (especially given the uncertainties of supply that were characteristic of the members' economies).
	rs6.loc.gov /frd/cs/soviet_union/su_appnb.html (6926 words)

	H-SC Academic Catalogue - Economics Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The requirements for all students majoring in Economics or Economics and Commerce are 30 hours in Economics, to include Economics 101, 103, 301, and 303, and, in addition, Mathematics 121 and 140.
		Economic analysis of the location and growth of urban and regional areas with emphasis on public- policy issues.
		A capstone course in economics, the seminar combines economic theory and econometric technique for the task of modeling and fore- casting trends in both industry-level and aggregate economic activity.
	www.hsc.edu /academics/catalogue/course/economics.html (1446 words)

	Comprehensive Program for Socialist Economic Integration - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The 1971 Comprehensive Program sought to liberalize the system somewhat by recommending broad limits to "fixed-quota" trade among members (trade subject to quantitative or value targets set by bilateral trade agreements).
		Effective and comprehensive plan coordination has, however, been significantly impeded by the continued momentum of earlier parallel development strategies and the desire of members to minimize the risks of mutual dependence (especially given the uncertainties of supply that were characteristic of the members' economies).
		The purpose of the 1985 program was to offset centrifugal forces and reduce Comecon's vulnerability to "technological flmail" through broadened mutual cooperation, increased efficiency of cooperation, and improved quality of output.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=426741 (2908 words)

	NCSJ- Estonia's economic success
		Lithuanian television is currently running a program that depicts their neighbors, the Estonians, as arrogant people who like to boast to all and sundry about how clever and successful they are.
		Geographical proximity and economic ties played an important role in Estonia re-orienting its foreign trade from the socialist bloc to the West, and later facilitated integration with the West and with the European Union in particular.
		Comprehensive legislation regulating the whole privatization process was passed in July 1993.
	www.ncsj.org /AuxPages/121001Estonia.shtml (1094 words)

	The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA/Comecon)
		Their mission is "to ensure the comprehensive examination and a multilateral settlement of the major problems of cooperation among member countries in the economy, science, and technology." All committees are headquartered in Moscow and usually meet there.
		The Comprehensive Program's objectives proved somewhat inconsistent with the predominant trends within members' economies in the 1970s, which was a period of recentralization--rather than decentralization--of domestic systems of planning and management.
		The Comprehensive Program for Scientific and Technical Progress up to the Year 2000 was originally to be ratified in 1986, but the Soviets advocated an earlier date of completion to enable the Comecon countries to incorporate their commitments to implement the program in their next five-year plans (which started in January 1986).
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/CMEA.html (9894 words)

	UTLink: G7 Economic Summit: Lyon, 1996. Economic Communique. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		We welcome the Moscow Summit declaration relating to Ukraine and the commitment of President KUCHMA to close reactor n° 1 at Chernobyl by the end of 1996, in the framework of the program to close the whole plant by the year 2000.
		Economic and political reforms are mutually reinforcing and position Russia to play a more significant role in the global economy.
		Crucial for economic recovery is now private investment which requires a reliable economic, legal and administrative environment.
	www.g7.utoronto.ca /summit/1996lyon/communique/eco7.htm (489 words)

	Free trade - Knowmore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Even if overall economic interests had not been harmed by tariffs, he was opposed to them on the grounds that patriotism shouldn't be perverted by scoundrels to enrich themselves.
		The later twentieth century saw the development of new economic theories that criticized the stress on regulatory institutions, though it is an uncommon opinion even among modern neoclassical economists to wholly regard all such regulatory functions of state as damaging to the economy.
		Free trade, then, creates an economic incentive for a race to the bottom in regulatory institutions; countries with lax, lenient, non-enforced, or selectively enforced regulatory legal structures will have a competitive advantage in attracting investment to their countries, and not merely in wages.
	www.knowmore.org /index.php/Free_trade (7992 words)

	Salinas Prepares Mexican Agriculture for Free Trade
		As part of his comprehensive program to liberalize and modernize the Mexican economy, President Carlos Salinas de Gortari earlier this year began a sweeping reform of Mexico's antiquated agricultural sector.
		Together with the integration of Mexico into the world economy and the recent completion of the negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), these agricultural reforms promise to transform the Mexican countryside and peasantry and bring prosperity to a population that has never known it.
		Economic growth is a critical element of social and political stability in Mexico.
	www.heritage.org /Research/TradeandForeignAid/BG914.cfm (5830 words)

	The Life and Death of Socialist Zionism
		The socialist content of such a strategy seems obvious, as its goal appears to be the bypassing of capitalism in favor of building directly socialist institutions, something that even Marx and Engels had hoped to be possible in Russia on the basis of peasant village communes.
		Socialist and nationalist aspirations were harmonious, but the latter took priority; Ben-Gurion said little in his programmatic speech at the Po'alei Tzion convention in 1919 on socialism, save that cooperatives would reduce -- not abolish -- dependence on private capital.
		Despite the "socialist" label, mainstream Socialist Zionism "did not deny the legitimacy of private property or seek to change society but wanted only to control it, and at the same time was unwilling to acknowledge the ability of the private sector to implement Zionism," i.e.
	www.wpunj.edu /newpol/issue35/schulman35.htm (6469 words)

	CCC - Neoliberalism and the Economic Reconstruction of Iraq
		Thus, individual economic freedom is the basis for any civilized society and is antithetical to totalitarianism or to any form of economic planning.
		The market is the principal economic and social institution within which individuals adjust their preferences according to price signals, in spite of restriction in the available information.
		The usual case is for state-sponsored retirement programs to be converted into individual accounts in a way similar to U.S. citizens' 401(k) plans to which workers contribute to fund their retirements.
	www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /rsepResources/si/aug03/middleEast.asp (5258 words)

	OSI Forum: Advocacy Efforts for Beijing +10: Countries in Post-Socialist Transition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		At the Migration and Roma/Gypsies Department at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg she researched and drafted a comprehensive document on the status of Roma in the Slovak Republic and also worked on preparing a draft publication, which included various Council of Europe recommendations and policy guidelines on Roma.
		Igballe Rogova is the founder and Program Director of the rural women’s group Motrat Qiriazi in Kosova (founded in 1989) and is a leading figure in the women’s rights movement.
		She is Director of Programs for the Open Society Institute Network Women’s Program, with particular responsibility for the Roma Women’s Leadership Initiative and Women’s educational programs, including gender studies and oral history.
	www.soros.org /initiatives/women/events/advocacy_20050203/event_biography_folder_initiative_view (1256 words)

	International Studies
		Technology and the forces of cultural and economic integration appear to reduce the distances between societies, which now impinge on one another on many dimensions.
		Among these subjects are cultural boundaries and identities, economic and social development, international and regional integration and their effects, the evolution of political and social institutions, and forms of communication and language.
		The Honors Program allows qualified students to complete an honors thesis on a topic of their choice in close collaboration with a member of the faculty.
	www.ucsd.edu /catalog/curric/INTL.html (2492 words)

	HITLER WAS A SOCIALIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		So Hitler was a socialist and a champion of the workers -- or at least he identified himself as such and campaigned as such.
		It should further be noted in this connection that the various European Socialist parties in World War I did not generally oppose the war in the name of international worker brotherhood but rather threw their support behind the various national governments of the countries in which they lived.
		And socialist parties such as the British Labour Party were patriotic parties in World War II as well.
	jonjayray.tripod.com /hitler.html (18756 words)

	Why Perestroika Failed - Peter Boettke
		Academics, pundits and the man on the street were all transfixed by the "Gorbachev phenomenon." In this book, Peter J. Boettke argues that Gorbachev's reforms ultimately failed because they were not based on a sound understanding of market and political processes.
		He goes on to demonstrate that even if the perestroika program had been carried out fully, it would not have produced the structural changes necessary to revive the Soviet economy.
		Second, Boettke's book also constitutes a provocative integration of public choice theory, sovietology, history of economic thought and Russian economic historiography, with attendant implications for the post-communist economic transition.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/pboettke/pubs/whyperestroika.html (658 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Ukraineâs new cabinet includes some surprises
		Prime Minister Yuliya Tymoshenko and President Viktor Yushchenko have made economic reforms one of the main themes of their political program.
		Oleksandr Baranivsky is from the Socialist Party, and the Socialist Party program is leftist and it doesn't go well with the general direction of Yushchenko's program, which is seen by everybody as liberal and pro-reform." Ukraine's new foreign-policy team strongly reflects Yushchenko's and Tymoshenko's pro-Western orientation.
		Both are expected to lobby strongly for Ukraine's integration into European structures, as well as NATO, in line with the government's new mandate.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?ID=10727 (771 words)

	Country Strategy and Program Update 2006—2008 - Viet Nam, Socialist Republic of - ADB.org
		The SEDP has a target of 7.5—8.0% annual average GDP growth, elimination of hunger by 2010, and halving of poverty (from 29% of the population in 2002).
		confirms that economic growth continues to reduce poverty, but that the pace of poverty reduction is slowing; therefore more focused targeting of the poor is becoming more necessary.
		To increase competitiveness and maintain a high-level of GDP growth (7.5%), the Government must develop physical infrastructure, maintain investment to at least 35% of GDP, steadily implement reforms to remove structural weaknesses (including state-owned enterprises and commercial banks), and improve governance and public administration.
	www.adb.org /Documents/CSPs/VIE/2005/csp100.asp (927 words)

	Trade Strategies for a New Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		According to the authors, challenges resulting from the globalization of production and the integration of former socialist economies into the world market economy create the need for new trade negotiations at both the regional and global level.
		The book provides a comprehensive review of the issues confronting U.S. trade policymakers and outlines a strategy to deal with them.
		The book is essential reading for public officials, business leaders and private citizens who wish to think broadly about American's role in the global economy of the 21st century.
	www.brookings.org /press/books/clientpr/cfr/neweratr.htm (224 words)

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