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Topic: Compression heating ignition

	Diesel engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To fully realize the capabilities of a diesel engine, use of a turbocharger to compress the intake air is necessary; use of an aftercooler/intercooler to cool the intake air after compression by the turbocharger further increases efficiency.
		A gasoline (spark ignition) engine can sometimes act as a compression ignition engine under abnormal circumstances, a phenomenon typically described as "pinging" or "pinking" (during normal running) or "dieseling" (when the engine continues to run after the electrical ignition system is shut off).
		Excessive heat can also be caused by improper ignition timing and/or fuel/air ratio which in turn overheats the exposed portions of the spark plug within the combustion chamber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compression_ignition_engine (7092 words)

	Internal combustion engine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The internal combustion engine is a heat engine in which the burning of a fuel occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber.
		Compression heating ignition systems, such as diesel engines and HCCI engines, rely on the heat created in the air by compression in the engine's cylinders to ignite the fuel.
		The speed of the flame front is directly affected by compression ratio, fuel mixture temperature and octane or cetane rating of the fuel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Internal-combustion_engine (4370 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - ignition
		IGNITION [ignition] apparatus for igniting a combustible mixture.
		A battery ignition system has a 6- or 12-volt battery charged by an engine-driven generator to supply electricity, an ignition coil to increase the voltage, a device to interrupt current from the coil, a distributor to direct current to the correct cylinder, and a spark plug projecting into each cylinder.
		In electronic ignition systems, introduced in the early 1960s, the interrupting device is a reluctor, a magnetic pulse distributor that produces timed electric signals that are amplified to control the current to the primary winding of the ignition coil.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/i1/ignition.asp (742 words)

	ScienceDaily: Internal combustion engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		His first (1862) engine with compression having shocked itself apart, Nikolaus Otto designed an indirect acting free piston compression-less engine whose greater efficiency won the support of Langen and then most of the market, which at that time, was mostly for small stationary engines fueled by lighting gas.
		The thermodynamic theory of idealized heat engines was established by Sadi Carnot in France in 1824.
		Compression heating ignition systems (Diesel engines and HCCI engines) rely on the heat created in the air by compression in the engine's cylinders to ignite the fuel.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/Internal_combustion_engine (4737 words)

	SPARK-IGNITION ENGINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Compression (1 - 2) starts at the bottom dead center position of the piston, when the intake valve closes, and continues until the top dead center position is reached.
		The gas being compressed is the mixture of air and fuel vapor brought into the cylinder in the intake stroke (7 - 1).
		In the idealized model, it is replaced by a constant-volume heating process, in which the heat added is equal to the energy released in the combustion of the fuel.
	gaia.ecs.csus.edu /~reardonf/MET140/closdotto.htm (535 words)

	Internal combustion engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Jet engines, rockets and gas turbines are classed as internal combustion engines, but the term "internal combustion engine" is often loosely used to refer specifically to piston internal combustion engine in which combustion is intermittent and the products act on reciprocating machinery, the most common subtype of this kind of engine.
		Most Diesel engines use a four-stroke cycle, but with a compression heating ignition system it is possible to talk separately about a diesel cycle.
		The Wankel engine operates with the same separation of phases as the four-stroke engine, but would more properly be called a four-phase engine, since there are no reciprocating strokes and the phases occur in separate locations in the engine.
	internal-combustion-engine.kiwiki.homeip.net (1709 words)

	Diesel engine
		The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine; more specifically, a compression ignition engine, in which the fuel is ignited by the high temperature of a compressed gas, rather than a separate source of energy (such as a spark plug).
		When a gas is compressed, its temperature rises (as stated in Charles' Law); a diesel engine uses this property to ignite the fuel.
		The higher compression ratio allows a diesel engine to be more efficient than a comparable spark ignition engine, although the calorific value of the fuel is slightly lower at 45.3 megajoules/kilogram to gasoline at 45.8 megajoules/kilogram.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/d/di/diesel_engine.html (1455 words)

	Ignition
		ignition performance is likely to fall off, simply because there is not enough time to recharge the magnetic field fully. However, when idling at say 1000 rpm.
		The airhead BMs had various ignition systems depending on their year of manufacture. Initially a simple points system with mechanical rpm.
		Peak current. This is a good indicator of ignition performance. Note how the new system maintains level performance up to 5,455 rpm before starting to drop off, although at low revs.
	www.tonyfoale.com /Articles/Ignition/Ignition.htm (1114 words)

	Internal-combustion engine: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		This is compressed by a piston and at optimal point in the compression stroke, a spark plug creates an electrical spark that ignites the fuel.
		The combustion of the fuel results in the generation of heat, and the hot gases that are in the cylinder are then at a higher pressure than the fuel-air mixture and so drive the piston back down.
		A critically important portion of any internal-combustion engine is its ignition system, which controls the timing of the burning of the fuel mixture.
	www.encyclopedian.com /in/Internal-combustion-engine.html (522 words)

	Electronic Ignition Overview
		In the perfect ignition process we would achieve efficient combustion progression at exactly the right time to produce the optimum pressure gradients in the cylinder in complete harmony with the piston movement relative to the piston rod to crankshaft rotation.
		The advantage of an ignition transistor is that it can conduct up to near 400-500 volts (more power than needed), is extremely accurate fast (in nanoseconds vs. milliseconds), and can last a long time in the heat / vibration of an engine.
		With the Kettering Induction ignition design, the coils are powered all the time at 12 volts and are commanded to collapse to spark by the ignition module.
	www.jetav8r.com /Vision/Ignition/CDI.html (6981 words)

	3. Spark Ignition
		Electrical heating, conductive and radiative heat transport processes are included in the model as well.
		Through changes in the spark ignition system circuit, the amount of initial energy can be altered, but this also affects the rise time of the applied voltage.
		The Joule heating energy originates from electrical charges that are moving in an electrical field colliding with gas molecules and thereby depositing energy in the gas.
	www.forbrf.lth.se /htmlavd/avdrapp/si.htm (1687 words)

	Compression-ignition engine performance with undoped and doped fuel oils and alcohol mixtures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Several fuel oils, doped fuel oils, and mixtures of alcohol and fuel oil were tested in a high-speed, single-cylinder, compression-ignition engine to determine power output, fuel consumption, and ignition and combustion characteristics.
		Fuel oils or doped fuel oils of high octane number had shorter ignition lags, lower rates of pressure rise, and gave smoother engine operation than fuel oils or doped fuel oils of low octane number.
		Although the addition of a dope to a fuel oil decreased the ignition lag and the rate of pressure rise, the ensuing rate of combustion was somewhat slower than for the undoped fuel oil so that the effectiveness of combustion was practically unchanged.
	naca.larc.nasa.gov /reports/1939/naca-tn-707 (218 words)

	Ignition FAQ
		Ignition and accessories should slightly peg the meter on the left side of case.
		Remember, in old engines the ignition timing was "advanced" with RPM by using a vacuum driven diaphragm or a centrifugal weight on the rotor.
		The ignition has a circuit that is supposed to shut down power to the transistors and coil if the engine is not rotating.
	www.jetav8r.com /Vision/IgnitionFAQ.html (9676 words)

	Articles - Internal combustion engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Karl Benz, working independently, was granted a patent In 1879 for his internal combustion engine, a reliable two-stroke gas engine, based on Nikolaus Otto´s design of the four-stroke engine.
		Hydrogen burns with a colorless flame, and modifications to the cylinder block, cylinder head, and head gasket are required to seal in the flame front.
		Nikola Tesla gained one of the first patents on the mechanical ignition system with, "´´Electrical Igniter for Gas Engines´´", on 16 August 1898.
	www.izeez.com /articles/Internal_combustion_engine (3621 words)

	Internal combustion engine - Gurupedia
		The explosion products (hot gases) occupy a larger volume than the original compressed fuel/air mixture and the resulting high pressure in the cylinders drives the engine's pistons down.
		The resulting heat from the explosion is a waste product and is removed from the engine either by an air or liquid cooling system.
		All internal combustion engines are heat engines and thus have a physical upper bound on their efficiency achieved only by the theoretical
	www.gurupedia.com /i/in/internal_combustion_engine.htm (2044 words)

	History of Technology (3): From Rudolf Dieselâs Compression-Ignition Engine to the Beru Pressure Sensor Glow Plug PSG
		The idea of heating up the air we breathe by high compression and to ignite a fuel in this way gripped the young aspiring engineer and did not let him go.
		Instead of the fragile and even at the time laborious external ignition using a flywheel or crank as in gas-powered and petrol engines, the new engine only required a lever to be pressed in order to pass compressed air from a container into the cylinder.
		After all, starting a diesel engine at the start of its history was often a matter of chance and the air-fuel mixture was susceptible to faults - much to the chagrin of the inventor, who had originally intended to use fuel injection in the new engines.
	www.beru.com /english/aktuelles/presse/20041202-PI184.php (683 words)

	Ignition Timing
		Perhaps the biggest help found to decrease the heating issues while idling with high ambient temperatures is the proper ignition timing.
		Therefore the cylinder head and upper cylinder walls will absorb most of the combustion heat and the lower portion of the cylinder on the power stroke will be cooler.
		All else being equal, less butterfly opening means less fuel consumed which equates to less total heat to transfer to the coolant.
	www.netwelding.com /ignition_timing.htm (1115 words)

	Mikuni Heating (UK) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Mikuni MX40 is a 4.8kw diesel fired water heater which is suitable for providing hot water for heating purposes via radiators or matrix heaters and also domestic hot water via a calorifier.
		The exhaust pipe is taken by the most direct route to the flue terminal via the stainless steel silencer.
		The fuel system for the heater is 3/16th copper to comply with the current boat safety scheme and includes stop cock and all necessary compression fittings to complete the installation.
	www.mikuniheating.com /product_MX40m.htm (353 words)

	Figure 1 \| Nuclear fusionFast heating scalable to laser fusion ignition : Nature
		Line represents the temporal profile of the average density of the compressed plasma from a hydrodynamic simulation.
		c, Yield of thermonuclear neutrons from the compressed plasma as a function of heating laser power for the pulse duration of 0.6 ps.
		Solid and dashed lines, neutron yields for an energy coupling from laser to core of 30% and 15%, respectively; neutron yields obtained without a heating pulse are shown in the 0.02-PW position.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v418/n6901/fig_tab/418933a_F1.html (252 words)

	Catalytic Heating
		Using natural gas, they produce a uniform low intensity, flameless heat with most of the heat generated as radiant, infrared energy.
		Since the material absorbs the heat, there is no energy wasted heating the surrounding air.
		These features make catalytic heating one of the most energy efficient forms of radiation heat transfer in the electromagnetic spectrum.
	www.socalgas.com /business/useful_innovations/infrared_tech.shtml (254 words)

	Progress and perspectives of fast ignition
		Fundamental studies on hot electron energy transport show that the scheme looks promising if the heating pulse can be guided close enough to a compressed core.
		The idea of using cone-guided compression was first demonstrated experimentally under a Japan–UK collaboration.
		The heated temperature was close to 1 keV.
	stacks.iop.org /0741-3335/46/B41 (289 words)

	Wikinfo \| Internal-combustion engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In a gasoline engine, a mixture of gasoline and air, controlled by a throttle, is inducted into a cylinder.
		Early mechanical ignition system, soon replaced by the:
		Early ignition system, these were used on some engines until the time of the First World War.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Internal_combustion_engine (443 words)

	Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information
		Critical issues and ion beam requirements are explored for fast ignition using ion beams to provide fuel compression using indirect drive and to provide separate short pulse ignition heating using direct drive.
		Several ion species with different hohlraum geometries are considered for both accelerator-produced and laser-produced ion ignition beams.
		Ion-driven fast ignition targets are projected to have modestly higher gains than with conventional heavy-ion fusion, and may offer some other advantages for target fabrication and for use of advanced fuels.
	www.osti.gov /bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=840453 (272 words)

	Dynamic Design Lab - Projects
		This is achieved by reinducting combustion products from the previous cycle, thereby increasing the sensible energy of the reactant charge and allowing ignition to occur by compression alone at modest compression ratios.
		Other methods besides VVA exist to initiate HCCI, such as heating or pre-compressing the intake air or varying the compression ratio.
		Unlike spark ignition (SI) or diesel engines, where the combustion is initiated via spark and fuel injection, respectively, HCCI has no specific event that initiates combustion.
	www-cdr.stanford.edu /dynamic/hcci_control (995 words)

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