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	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		CGRO carried a complement of four instruments that covered an unprecedented six decades of the electromagnetic spectrum, from 20 keV to 30 GeV.
		Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) by Max Planck Institute and the University of New Hampshire was tuned to the 1-30 MeV energy range and determined the angle of arrival of photons to within a degree and the energy to within five percent at higher energies.
		One great accomplishment of the CGRO was the discovery of terrestrial gamma ray sources in 1994 that come from thunderclouds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory (362 words)

	Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Spacelink - Compton Gamma Ray Observatory CGRO The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) is a space-based observatory designed to study the universe in an invisible, high-energy form of light known as gamma rays.
		Compton Gamma Ray Observatory CGRO Science Support Center;search HEASARC Archives, Software and Tools for photos, information, and updated status reports on the space observatory and projects.
		Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) Large Area Telescope GLAST is a next generation high-energy gamma-ray observatory designed for making observations of celestial gamma-ray sources in the energy band extending from 10 MeV to more than 100 GeV.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Compton_Gamma-Ray_Observatory.html (433 words)

	Structure and Evolution of the Universe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Compton is scheduled to reenter the Earth's atmosphere on June 4 in an isolated area of the Pacific Ocean, southeast of Hawaii.
		THE REENTRY OF THE COMPTON GAMMA RAY OBSERVATORY
		Compton currently orbits at a height of 316 miles (510 kilometers), and the orbit is inclined 28.5 degrees from the equator.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /gsfc/spacesci/structure/reentry.htm (4492 words)

	Space Today Online - Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
		CGRO was designed to study the Universe in an invisible, high-energy form of light known as gamma rays.
		Compton was the second of NASA's four great observatories in space and the first major space observatory to make a systematic survey of natural sources of gamma rays.
		Compton was the first large space observatory to survey natural sources of gamma rays across the Universe.
	www.spacetoday.org /DeepSpace/Telescopes/GreatObservatories/Compton/Compton.html (667 words)

	Compton Goes Splash Into Pacific
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, which had circled the globe for nearly a decade, disintegrated in the heavens over the Pacific Ocean after being deliberately destroyed for safety reasons, US space officials said Sunday.
		NASA officials said the observatory was too large to be destroyed entirely by reentering Earth's atmosphere, and that orchestrating an ocean splashdown was the most prudent course of action.
		During its 760-million dollar nine-year mission, the observatory allowed scientists to study celestial sources of gamma-rays, which are usually generated by the most violent cataclysms in the universe, emitting huge amounts of energy.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/gamma-00c.html (417 words)

	Compton Gamma-Ray
		As an extra precaution, Compton engineers are also developing a method to control the satellite without any gyroscopes, for use as backup during the reentry maneuvers in case an anomaly is encountered with the gyroscopes.
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was the second of NASA's Great Observatories and the gamma-ray equivalent to the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
		Compton was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in April 1991, and, at 17 tons, was the largest astrophysical payload ever flown at that time.
	www.terryparker.duval.k12.fl.us /Space_Science/Compton (755 words)

	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		CGRO carried a complement of four instruments that covered an unprecedented six decades of the electromagnetic spectrum, from 30 keV to 30 GeV.
		Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) by Max PlanckInstitute was tuned to the 1-30 MeV energy range and determineed the angle of arrival within a degree and the energy ofphotons to within five percent at higher energies.
		The observatory was named after Dr. Arthur HollyCompton, Nobel prize winner for work involved with gamma ray physics.
	www.therfcc.org /compton-gamma-ray-observatory-2074.html (244 words)

	GRO
		CGRO will help address fundamental questions about the process of energy transfer in the universe and lead to a better understanding of the nature of astronomical objects that produce this very high-energy radiation.
		The Imaging Compton Telescope by Max Planck Institute is tuned to the 1-30 Mev energy range and determines the angle of arrival within a degree and the energy of photons to within five percent at higher energies.
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was intentionally deorbited on by NASA over the objections of the scientific community on June 3, 2000.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/gro.htm (477 words)

	CGRO Science Support Center
		Compton, at 17 tons, was the heaviest astrophysical payload ever flown at the time of its launch on April 5, 1991 aboard the space shuttle Atlantis.
		Compton was safely deorbited and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on June 4, 2000.
		Compton had four instruments that covered an unprecedented six decades of the electromagnetic spectrum, from 30 keV to 30 GeV.
	cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov (206 words)

	A Mystery: Gamma Ray Bursts
		In addition to the constant flux of gamma rays illustrated in the adjacent image, there are also observed sudden pulses of gamma rays lasting typically seconds in which enormous amounts of energy appear to be poured out in gamma rays by still unknown sources.
		Furthermore, the mechanism producing the gamma rays must be such as to allow the gamma rays to escape without too much interaction with surrounding matter, because that interaction would convert the gamma rays to light of longer wavelength.
		Assuming these transients to be near the location of the gamma ray burst and the Doppler shifts to be Hubble redshifts, these observations have almost conclusively shown that gamma ray bursts are at cosmological distances and not in the halo of the local galaxy.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/cosmology/gammaray.html (765 words)

	COMPTON GAMMA RAY OBSERVATORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Das Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) war ein Weltraumteleskop, welches für Gammastrahlung ausgelegt war.
		CGRO wurde nach Beendigung seiner Mission am 4.
		CGRO war das zweite von vier weltraumgestützten Teleskopen, welche von der NASA im Rahmen des "Great Observatory Programms" geplant wurden.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/C/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory (122 words)

	Reboosting the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
		In December 1995, CGRO discovered the bursting pulsar, while in December 1996 the first apparent repetition from a gamma-ray burst source was seen.
		CGRO had been scheduled to be in orbit back when Supernova 1987A exploded in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, but was not launched until four years later when the supernova had faded considerably.
		CGRO is designed to collect gamma-rays and as a result, it loaded with a number of heavy metallic components.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/features/news/18feb97.html (1325 words)

	Press Info on the Gamma-Ray Halo
		Gamma rays are photons, or particles of light, with the highest energies of all forms of radiation, higher even than X-rays.
		Gamma rays are of great interest to astrophysicists because they may offer clues to some of the most violent events in the universe, such as the process of a dying star becoming a supernova and the birth of a galaxy.
		The high-energy gamma rays seen in the halo could be the result of collisions of high-energy cosmic rays, in the form of electrons, traveling at near the speed of light and colliding with low energy photons they encounter is space, Dixon said.
	tigre.ucr.edu /halo/halo.html (1424 words)

	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
		GRO is a space-based observatory designed to study the universe in an invisible, high-energy form of light known as gamma rays.
		Because gamma rays are detected when they interact with matter, the number of gamma-ray events recorded is directly related to the mass of the detector.
		With the small number of gamma rays emanating from celestial sources, large instruments are needed to detect a significant number of photons in a reasonable amount of time.
	www.friends-partners.org /oldfriends/jgreen/gro.html (1846 words)

	Gamma Ray Astronomy
		The gamma ray sky makes an interesting sight with a gallery of objects shining brightly in that part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is usually associated with high energy Physics.
		Cerenkov light generated by a VHE gamma ray or a charged cosmic ray is incident on the ground in the form of a light pool extending over a radius of about 120 meters and lasting for about 5-10 ns.
		The gamma ray initiated showers give rise to a Cerenkov light pool with a smooth, (almost constant) variation in the photon density where as cosmic ray initiated showers have large fluctuations in the photon density mainly due to the hadronic interactions in the atmosphere.
	www.tifr.res.in /~pnbhat/vhe.html (994 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions: Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
		The Compton Observatory is one of NASA's four Great Observatories, with the mission of observing the sky in the light of gamma-rays.
		The gyroscopes used on CGRO are very reliable and the probability of another failure during the next 3 years is estimated to be less than 10%.
		They believe that the risks of continuing to fly CGRO are extremely low, that the planned reentry is unnecessary and that the intentional destruction of the Compton observatory would be a tragedy.
	www.nasawatch.com /cgro/05.16.00.cgro.faq.html (1372 words)

	Spacecraft: Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
		The 33,000-pound Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was one of the largest spacecraft ever launched on the Shuttle.
		Compton recorded over 2500 gamma ray bursts; before Compton, only about 300 had been detected, and only one third of those had known positions.
		One of the three rate gyros failed, and as a precautionary measure, NASA decided to deorbit the spacecraft ahead of schedule due to concerns that if another gyro failed, the attitude control system might not be able to control pointing accurately enough for the reentry burns.
	www.aoe.vt.edu /~cdhall/Space/archives/000139.html (603 words)

	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Crashes on Earth \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		CGRO crashed at around 2:20 AM EDT with debris strewn over a 2,500 mile long elipse of ocean stretching from off the southeastern coast of Hawaii to the northwestern coast of South America.
		Compton was launched by Space Shuttle mission STS-37 in 1991 for a 5 year mission.
		CGRO was a NASA cooperative program with participation from Germany, the Netherlands, the European Space Agency, and the United Kingdom.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewnews.html?id=153 (669 words)

	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) by NASA MSFC scoured the sky to short duration gamma ray bursts (20 to 600 kev) and conducted full sky surveys for long lived sources It consists of 8 detectors.
		OSSE (Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment) by Naval Research Laboratory detected gamma rays entering the field of view of any of four detectors in the 100 kev to 10 MeV range.
		Imaging Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) by Max Planck Institute was tuned to the 1-30 MeV energy range and determineed the angle of arrival within a degree and the energy of photons to within five percent at higher energies.
	en.mcfly.org /Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory (232 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| CGRO Deorbit \| A fiery goodbye to Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
		CGRO's demise ends one of NASA's most successful science missions, which began when the observatory was launched into space aboard shuttle Atlantis on April 5, 1991.
		During its tenure in space, CGRO studied violent and invisible gamma ray bursts, antimatter fountains and particle jets streaming millions of miles per hour away from fl holes.
		The telescope detected more than 400 gamma ray sources, 10 times more than were previously known, and recorded over 2500 gamma ray bursts when only 300 had been detected before.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /cgrodeorbit/000604reentry.html (742 words)

	StarChild: Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory was launched April 7, 1991 and observed the high-energy Universe until June 4, 2000 when it safely de-orbited and burned up in the Earth's atmosphere.
		The mission of CGRO was to study gamma-ray emissions in not only our galaxy, but other galaxies beyond ours.
		From creating an all-sky map which allowed scientists to better understand the interaction between cosmic rays and interstellar dust, to studying the mysterious phenomenon of gamma-ray bursts, CGRO opened wide a new window on the workings of the cosmos.
	starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/StarChild/space_level2/cgro.html (177 words)

	SPACE.com -- New article compton gamma ray observatory plunges into Pacific oceanin a fiery suicide.
		NASA plans to have Compton hit the atmosphere at a steep angle, dramatically slow down, break up, and fall into the ocean.
		Since Compton began its operation in orbit, over 700 scientists have used the satellite and its instruments to survey the surrounding universe, Gehrels said.
		The spacecraft's solar panels and antennas were thought to pop off during the uncontrolled tumble, with the spacecraft actually melting as it plowed its way through the atmosphere.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/compton_deorbits_000604.html (860 words)

	The Cosmic Gamma Ray Burst Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A study of gamma ray burst spectra shows one more thing that these mysterious, cosmological gamma ray bursts are not.
		Gamma ray bursts were discovered by accident in the 1960's, and for the past 30 years they've been the target of intense research and speculation by astronomers.
		BATSE was designed specifically for the study of the enigmatic gamma ray bursters and has led to a new understanding of their origin and distribution in the universe.
	www.batse.com (488 words)

	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Launched in 1991 as the most massive civilian payload to be launched by the shuttle at the time, CGRO's instruments collected data in the gamma ray region.
		Each of CGRO's four instruments was designed to observe a somewhat different portion of the gamma ray spectrum.
		Although CGRO was originally planned for a two- to five-year mission, it continued to operate successfully for over nine years.
	www.ballaerospace.com /cgro.html (158 words)

	NASA plans to de-orbit the massive Compton Gamma-ray Observatory
		The Compton Gamma-ray Observatory is destined for a watery grave in the remote Pacific on June 3, 2000.
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was the most massive instrument ever launched by a NASA Space Shuttle in 1991 and continues to revolutionize gamma-ray astronomy.
		Before Compton loses more stabilizing gyroscopes, NASA has decided to fire onboard rockets to bring it on a controlled reentry into the ocean later this year.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2000/ast25mar_1m.htm (882 words)

	Scientific American: THE GREAT OBSERVATORIES: Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Compton's mission was to see the cosmos in the mysterious light of very high-energy photons, which make up gamma rays.
		Named for Arthur Holly Compton, who won the 1927 Nobel Prize in physics for research that is the underpinning of gamma-ray detectors, this observatory carries four different instruments that span the far end of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Another map, made by COMPTEL (Imaging Compton Telescope), scans the Milky Way in the very narrow band of gamma radiation emitted by radioactive aluminum 26; it shows curiously high concentrations of this isotope in small areas of the galaxy.
	www.sciam.com /print_version.cfm?articleID=00031327-30A2-1C75-9B81809EC588EF21 (412 words)

	APOD: 2000 April 8 - Compton Observatory In Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Compton's release by the crew of the Space Shuttle Atlantis.
		The premier gamma-ray observatory far exceeded expectations for a two- to five-year mission, but a recent gyroscope failure has prompted NASA to decide to steer the satellite safely back into the atmosphere.
		Compton's lasting legacy of discovery will include the detection of more than 400 celestial gamma-ray sources, 10 times more than were previously known; and more than 2,500 gamma-ray bursts.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap000408.html (164 words)

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