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	Arthur Compton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arthur Holly Compton was born in Wooster, Ohio in 1892 to Elias and Otelia Compton.
		Compton returned to Washington University in St. Louis, where he had served as Head of the Department of Physics from 1920 to 1923, when he was inaugurated as the university's ninth Chancellor in 1946.
		Compton is buried in the Wooster Cemetery in Wooster, Ohio.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arthur_Compton (686 words)

	Compton scattering - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In quantum mechanics, the Compton scattering or Compton effect, observed by Arthur Compton in 1923, is the increase in wavelength (decrease in energy) which occurs when X-ray (or gamma ray) photons with energies of around 0.5MeV to 3.5MeV interact with electrons in a material.
		The effect is important in scientific terms because it demonstrates that light cannot be explained purely as a wave phenomenon.
		The Compton scattering has on occasion been proposed as an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of the Redshift by opponents of the Big Bang theory, although this is not generally accepted because the influence of the Compton scattering would be noticeable in the spectral lines of distant objects and this is not observed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compton_effect (543 words)

	Compton Scattering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Arthur H. Compton observed the scattering of x-rays from electrons in a carbon target and found scattered x-rays with a longer wavelength than those incident upon the target.
		Compton explained and modeled the data by assuming a particle (photon) nature for light and applying conservation of energy and conservation of momentum to the collision between the photon and the electron.
		Compton was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1927 for the "discovery of the effect named after him".
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/quantum/comptint.html (139 words)

	Compton effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Interactive effect of x-ray and gamma radiation with matter.
		The Compton effect is the elastic scattering of a quantum with a free or quasi-free electron from the electron sheath of an atom.
		Part of the energy and the pulse of the quantum is transferred to the electron, the rest remains with the scattered quantum.
	www.euronuclear.org /info/encyclopedia/comptoneffect.htm (73 words)

	Quantum Effects 1
		In 1923 Compton scattered such a "monochromatic" X-ray beam from a graphite crystal and measured the intensity in the scattered beam as a function of its wavelength.
		Compton observed that its value depended on the angle of deflection of the original beam.
		Compton accounted for what he observed by treating the scattering as an elastic collision between the incident X-ray photon and a free electron in the crystal.
	www.phy.duke.edu /courses/100/lectures/Quan1/Qu1.html (1845 words)

	Arthur Compton - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1927) for discovery of the effect named after him.
		Arthur Holly Compton was born in Wooster, Ohio in 1892 to and.
		Compton developed the method for observing at the same instant individual scattered X-ray photons and the recoil electrons (developed with).
	www.americancanyon.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Arthur_Compton (504 words)

	Arthur H. Compton - Biography
		Arthur Holly Compton was born at Wooster, Ohio, on September 10th, 1892, the son of Elias Compton, Professor of Philosophy and Dean of the College of Wooster.
		This effect, nowadays known as the Compton effect, which clearly illustrates the particle concept of electromagnetic radiation, was afterwards substantiated by C. Wilson who, in his cloud chamber, could show the presence of the tracks of the recoil electrons.
		During 1930-1940, Compton led a world-wide study of the geographic variations of the intensity of cosmic rays, thereby fully confirming the observations made in 1927 by J. Clay from Amsterdam of the influence of latitude on cosmic ray intensity.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1927/compton-bio.html (856 words)

	Hubble's Constant in Terms of the Compton Effect
		Several authors have now suggested that the Compton effect is this new principle that Hubble was looking for, for the solar, quasar and cosmological red shifts (Compton 1923, Sistero 1966, Kierein and Sharp 1968, Maric et al 1977, Reber 1977).
		The Compton effect explains the red shift on the sun being greater at the limb than at the center because the number of electrons along the line of sight through the solar atmosphere is greater at the limb.
		The Compton effect does not depend on the electric charge of the electron, but rather is a consequence of conservation of momentum and energy.
	www.angelfire.com /az/BIGBANGisWRONG/Hubble_latest_web.htm (1282 words)

	Compton Scattering
		It is found that the scattered light has a wavelength different than that of the incident light, an effect that again cannot be explained using a wave picture of light, where the wavelength does not change.
		Compton analyzed this problem by considering light as a photon with energy given by Planck's hypothesis, Eq.(27.5), as well as a momentum given by
		However, it is a comparatively large effect for X-rays, which have wavelengths of the order of 0.1 nm, and so X-rays were used to demonstrate that such scattering does indeed take place.
	theory.uwinnipeg.ca /physics/quant/node4.html (189 words)

	AllRefer.com - Compton effect (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		Compton effect [for A. Compton], increase in the wavelengths of X rays and gamma rays when they collide with and are scattered from loosely bound electrons in matter.
		This effect provides strong verification of the quantum theory since the theoretical explanation of the effect requires that one treat the X rays and gamma rays as particles or photons (quanta of energy) rather than as waves.
		The classical treatment of these rays as waves would predict no such effect.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Comptone.html (298 words)

	Photoelectrons, Compton and Inverse Compton Scattering
		To show this, Compton scattered x-ray radiation off a graphite block and measured the wavelength of the x-rays before and after they were scattered as a function of the scattering angle.
		Compton was able to account for and derive the correct expression for the shift in wavelength.
		Compton argued that the shift in wavelength is a result of a single photon imparting momentum to a single electron; thus the theory is derived from the laws of conservation of energy and momentum.
	venables.asu.edu /quant/proj/compton.html (779 words)

	Compton effect -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The effect has proved to be one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics, which accounts for both wave and particle properties of radiation as well as of matter.
		This so-called Compton effect (q.v.) is caused by the transfer of energy from a photon to an electron.
		Factsheet on the effects of ozone depletion on humans, plants, and marine life, with the increase in the ultraviolet rays that are emitted from the Sun.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9025044?tocId=9025044 (915 words)

	Arthur Holly Compton 1892-1962
		Compton was named instructor in physics at the University of Minnesota, one of a number of state-supported schools that were working hard to teach science and to introduce the spirit of pure research.
		The experiments begun here eventually led Compton to state that magnetization of a material depends not on the orbits of the electrons in it, but on the electron's own elementary characteristics; he was the first to suggest the existence of quantized electron spin.
		Compton and many others had always felt that physics was important to the future of the nation, but this was the first time American physicists had seen that their very lives and freedom might depend on the progress of their research.
	www.aip.org /history/gap/Compton/Compton.html (834 words)

	Nuclear Files: Library: Biographies: Arthur Holly Compton
		Arthur Holly Compton was born on 10 September 1892 in Wooster, Ohio.
		Compton served as head of the physics department at Washington University from 1920 until 1923.
		In 1942, Compton was asked to direct the Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, where Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard developed the first self-sustaining atomic chain reaction.
	www.nuclearfiles.org /menu/library/biographies/bio_compton-arthur.htm (281 words)

	Compton Scattering
		Compton scattering occurs when a photon "hits" an electron with some of the photon energy being transferred to the charged particle.
		It is possible, however, to determine the angle of incidence the cosmic photon made with respect to this line because the Compton scattering law provides for a definite relationship between this angle and the energy of the scattered photon (measured in the second level) and the scattering electron (measured in the first level).
		Compton scatter telescopes have wide fields-of-view and can form images even though the so-called point spread function (the probability that an event came from a certain area on the sky) is a ring.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/how_l2/compton_scatter.html (621 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 340, 617-625 (1998) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Compton scattering is the same physical photon-electron process which is described with a very precise mathematical formulation, in which both photon and electron change their energies and momenta as is required by the conservation principles.
		A correct mathematical description of Compton scattering from thermal electrons includes the following physical effects: reddening of scattered photons due to electron recoil effect, broadening (in frequency scale) of the incident radiation spectrum due to the chaotic thermal motion of electrons, and the blue shift of the incident photons known as the inverse Compton effect.
		Effects of photon redshift due to electron recoil and the Doppler blueshift of scattered photons, as well as induced scattering are not considered there.
	aa.springer.de /papers/8340002/2300617/sc1.htm (1280 words)

	Compton Scattering Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The scattering of photons from charged particles is called Compton scattering after Arthur Compton who was the first to measure photon-electron scattering in 1922.
		Compton's original experiment made use of molybdenum K-alpha x-rays, which have a wavelength of 0.0709 nm.
		Examination of the Compton scattering formula shows that the scattered wavelength depends upon the angle of scattering and also the mass of the scatterer.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/quantum/compdat.html (297 words)

	Why the Big Bang is Wrong
		The Big Bang theory of the universe is wrong because the cosmological red shift is due to the Compton effect rather than the Doppler effect. See The Endless, Boundless, Stable Universe by Grote Reber and Hubble's Constant in Terms of the Compton Effect by John Kierein.
		Reber showed that the Compton effect was the cause of the red shift in order to explain the observations of bright very long wavelength extragalactic radio waves. Kierein used the Compton effect explanation to explain quasars and the red shift on the sun.
		If neutrinos have mass about 1 ten millionth the mass of the electron, their Compton Effect red shift would be 10 million times that of that of the electron.
	www.angelfire.com /az/BIGBANGisWRONG (1454 words)

	Hubble const as Compton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Neves and Assis have recently claimed that the Compton effect cannot produce a cosmological red shift because it would not produce the same relationship between wavelength and distance as is the case for the Doppler effect.
		This paper shows how the Compton effect produces a red shift of the same form as the Doppler effect.
		The Compton effect does not depend on the electric charge of the electron, but rather is a consequence of conservation of momentum and energy, so the E x H vector of the photon need not be altered by the process.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/9335/compton.html (882 words)

	Graduate Physics Laboratory Handbook: Compton Effect
		A simple experiment consisting of a verification of the energy formula for the Compton effect (and thereby the quantum nature of electromagnetic radiation) can be done using coincidence of the pulses from movable NaI(Tl) scintillator and a fixed plastic scintillator.
		Alternate possibilities are to verify the Klein-Nishina formula for the intensity of scattered Compton radiation, in which case the efficiency of the NaI crystals enters, or to check the simultaneity of the two emitted photons, in which case a time-to-amplitude converter may be used on the scintillator outputs.
		Iredale,"The Effect of the Non-Proportional Response of NaI(Tl) Crystals to Electrons Upon the Resolution for Y-Rays," Nucl.
	www.physics.umd.edu /courses/Phys621/gradlab/glhb/compton.html (459 words)

	Compton effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The American physicist Arthur Holly Compton explained (1922; published 1923) the wavelength increase by considering X rays as composed of discrete pulses, or quanta, of electromagnetic energy, which he called photons.
		In the Compton effect, individual photons collide with single electrons that are free or quite loosely bound in the atoms of matter.
		The Compton effect was discovered independently by the physical chemist Peter Debye in early 1923.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/138_88.html (279 words)

	Compton Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the Compton effect process of ionization, not all of the photon energy is absorbed during the liberation of the electron.
		It should be noted, that the change in the direction of the new photon due to Compton effect is dependent on the energy of the photon.
		Keep in mind that after Compton effect, the path of the resulting photon is never the same as the original.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/compton_popup.htm (334 words)

	The Compton Effect (1923) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The significance of Compton’s analysis was that it showed that the photon had both definite energy and definite momentum.
		Of course, since light travels at the speed of light, it follows from special relativity that its energy and momentum had o be related by E=pc.
		Compton explained this as collisions between electrons and photons with E = hc/l ; p = h/l
	physics.bgsu.edu /~stoner/P202/quantum1/sld010.htm (70 words)

	COMPTON-EFFECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In het algemeen is er dus een kleine ‘roodverschuiving’ en verstrooiing van de fotonen als ze door het materiaal gaan.
		Als er in het materiaal vrije elektronen zijn, zal het effect plaatsvinden bij alle fotonenergieën en dus bij alle golflengtes.
		Het Compton-effect is belangrijk omdat het aantoont dat licht niet alleen een golfkarakter heeft.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/C/Compton-effect (180 words)

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