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Topic: Compulsory Military Training (in New Zealand)

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	History
		Cadet training therefore became compulsory and a number of Cadet Battalions and Territorial Regiments were raised to cater for youths who had left school before they had completed their training in the Cadet Corps.
		The New Zealand Cadet Corps was established as an integral part of the New Zealand Armed Forces in 1948, in the same year the Armed Forces Cadet Committee and the Cadet Advisory Committee, both of which are responsible to the Chiefs of Staff Committee, were established.
		The Air Training Corps was founded in New Zealand in March 1941 at a time when the Dominion of New Zealand stood in grave danger of invasion from the Japanese, and with the United Kingdom in a position where she could not help.
	www.geocities.com /atc35sqn/History.html (1401 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Timeline of New Zealand history
		Jurisdiction of New South Wales courts is extended to British citizens in New Zealand.
		New Zealand Association formed in London, becoming the New Zealand Colonisation Society in 1838 and the New Zealand Company in 1839, under the inspiration of Edward Gibbon Wakefield.
		New Zealand's first national park, Tongariro National Park, is presented to the nation by Te Heuheu Tukino IV.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Timeline_of_New_Zealand_history (3478 words)

	4 Fd Regt's story
		The New Zealand division was specially trained and equipped for a highly mobile role within the 8th Army but was twice condemned by stalemate to static periods of attrition for more than three months.
		Each period of prolonged confrontation was the prelude to a battle of the utmost importance to the Allied cause in the region.
		Thus it was, at the end of the war in the Pacific, that its 25 Battery was chosen for the "J" Force component of the army of occupation in Japan.
	riv.co.nz /rnza/rf/ww2/4fd2.htm (1004 words)

	Category:Military of New Zealand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For more information, see the article about Military of New Zealand.
		The main article for this category is Military of New Zealand.
		List of Victoria Cross recipients of the New Zealand Expeditionary and Military Forces
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Military_of_New_Zealand (99 words)

	Conscription - QuickSeek Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Military service for Swiss men is obligatory according to the Federal Constitution, and includes seventeen weeks of basic training as well as annual 3-week-refresher courses until a number of service days which increases with rank (260 days for privates) is reached.
		France abolished peacetime military conscription in 1996, while those born before 1979 had to complete their service (see related BBC News article); since the Algerian War of Independence (1954-62), conscripts had not been deployed abroad or in war zones, except those volunteering for such deployments.
		This tends to decrease the admiration of the military.
	conscription.quickseek.com (9032 words)

	NZ Expeditionary Force in WW1 (overview) NZEF
		It served as part of the Australian and New Zealand Mounted Division and was deployed in April 1916 to the Sinai Peninsula.
		A Maori Battalion was raised and sailed from New Zealand on the 14 February 1915.
		The New Zealand Pioneer Battalion was formed on 20 February 1916 from the remnants of the original Maori Contingent along with reinforcements and men of the Otago Mounted Rifles.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-nz/ww1-over.htm (1323 words)

	NZ and the Cold War - New Zealand Forces in Asia 1948-72 - NZHistory.net.nz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		New Zealand's alignment and participation in the Cold War was determined by the decision of the 1940s Labour government to back the United States and Great Britain (that concord was crucial) in their disagreements with the Soviet Union.
		New Zealand was involved in Cold War-related combat operations only between 1950 and 1953 (Korean War), 1949 and 1960 (Malayan Emergency) and 1965 and 1971 (Vietnam War).
		New Zealand provided crews for the Berlin airlift of 1948-49 and in its Middle Eastern commitment pledged in advance to send forces to that region in the event of open war with the Soviet Union.
	www.nzhistory.net.nz /war/seasia-coldwar (1343 words)

	Royal New Zealand Air Force Association
		Military aviation in New Zealand extends back to 1912 when two New Zealand Army Staff officers were sent to the UK to learn the science of flying.
		New elementary flying schools and aeroplanes were to be established in NZ with a proposed annual output of 700 pilots and 730 observers and air gunners.
		New Zealand's Defence Policy of the 1950s was tied to the protection of the UK and Commonwealth interests.
	rnzaf.homestead.com /hist.html (4230 words)

	New Zealand and the First World War - Overview - NZHistory.net.nz
		New Zealand's emotional response to the outbreak of war was a reflection of the Dominion's close ties with Great Britain.
		New Zealanders were conscious that defeat for the British Empire might lead to a settlement in which their country's sovereignty could be compromised or extinguished.
		New Zealand, then, played a small but useful part in the British Empire's war effort, and its essential war aim was achieved with the defeat of Germany and its allies in late 1918.
	www.nzhistory.net.nz /war/1216 (1995 words)

	[No title]
		New Zealand was a community where military service was not considered optional, it was an individual responsibility.
		It was an event that polarized the political character of New Zealand, its resident communists and their fellow travellers were ruthlessly exposed to the public gaze through the press and public arena.
		New Zealand was in the grip of the nation wide communist inspired strike that gave added weight to the dangers of individual suspicion and subterfuge as if one were involved with communist propaganda.
	www181.pair.com /otsw/Passion.doc (4675 words)

	NZ Cadet Forces History and organisation
		A resurge of growth in the New Zealand Cadet Forces reflects an awareness of the community and among parents of the values that this organisation espouses and encourages.
		The training is developed by using the processes developed by and for the New Zealand Defence Forces modified to be implemented by civilian cadet force officers and undertaken by young and developing adults.
		The role of the Cadet Forces ceased being primarily of military training and the preparation of young men for the Armed Forces and became predominantly adventure and development motivated with a military flavour and about 50% military subjects associated with providing knowledge of the roles and functions of the NZDF.
	www.cadetforces.mil.nz /about/history (1324 words)

	History of Knox College, Dunedin
		Certain courses and occupations were classified as essential, and men falling into this category were able to continue with their lives as before, but were subject to compulsory military training, and were liable for conscription at the conclusion of their course.
		Concurrently, Knoxmen served in the New Zealand Government, including Sir Arnold Nordmeyer (Knox 1922-1925) who in 1941 was Minister of Health; and Adam Hamilton (Knox 1909-1912) who served as the Leader of the Opposition in the War Cabinet in 1940.
		Plans were announced for the construction of new buildings to the College to ease the overcrowding, in the form of the construction of the Theological Hall block and the possible extension of the South Wing.
	www.knoxcollege.ac.nz /History4.html (1388 words)

	Godley Head's Post-WW2 History
		In May of 1950 the New Zealand government adopted Compulsory Military Training (CMT) for all eighteen year-old males.
		They trained and fired their 3.7 inch and 40mm Bofor anti aircraft guns at Godley, however the guns were stored at King Edward Barracks at Christchurch.
		On July the 15th 1957, the New Zealand Army Board deleted coast artillery from the army order of battle, as part of an exercise to reduce and reallocate manpower.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /peterwil/godleyhead/history/postwar.html (1067 words)

	NZDF Medals - FAQ
		Campaign medals awarded for service for New Zealand during the Second World War were issued unengraved.
		However, the New Zealand Operational Service Medal will be issued to you, if you have not yet applied for this medal which was instituted in 2002.
		New Zealand Defence Force personnel and New Zealand Police personnel, whose names do not appear on the initial list of recipients, should note that their eligibility for the NZSSM (Asian Tsunami) is currently being assessed by either HQNZDF or the New Zealand Police.
	medals.nzdf.mil.nz /info/faq.html (1983 words)

	Royal New Zealand Naval Association Inc - Medal matters
		New Zealand personnel who witnessed nuclear tests in the 1950s and 1970s will be eligible for a new medal, the Prime Minister Helen Clark and Veterans' Affairs Minister Mark Burton announced today.
		New Zealand was an active supporter of the British programme to develop a thermonuclear weapon.
		However, as the national secretary of the Royal New Zealand Naval Association, I am writing to you in respect of a group of naval veterans who feel that their service continues to be unrecognised.
	www.rnzna.org.nz /medal_matters.html (6797 words)

	Articles - Conscription (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Males in Brazil are required to serve 12 months of military service upon their 18th birthday.
		The options are either reserve officer training for two years (offered in universities as a part of a program which means you wont have to go to the army), or one year regular service.
		The cost to train, equip, and care for a poorly trained conscript does not justify the contribution (if any) he or she makes to the armed forces.
	www.centralairconditioners.net /articles/Conscription (7531 words)

	A New Order
		Since the beginning of organised military activity in New Zealand there had existed a small staff of Officers and Senior NCO's engaged in administering and instructing militia and volunteers - where these duties were not carried out by the Armed Constabulary.
		To cope with the new situation Defence increased the establishment of the RNZA to 315 all ranks.
		To the compulsory trainee under 21 who was not allowed to drink, the regulation might have been understandable; to the old regular who had had his grog since Armed Constabulary days, it was heresy.
	riv.co.nz /rnza/hist/assoc/ch3.htm (1013 words)

	Template
		1864 - 1902 Cadet training was based on the system then operating in the British Public Schools which functioned according to the wishes of the Headmaster and the Army exercised no control over cadet training.
		1902 - 1914 The Education Act of 1902 was responsible for greatly increasing the number of state secondary schools in New Zealand, and most schools formed cadet units.
		The Army assisted in the training of all units.
	www20.brinkster.com /nzcfdcu/about_history.htm (517 words)

	Refugee Status Appeals Authority Database
		The New Zealand Immigration Service conducted a marriage interview on 12 April 1990 but a decision was made to defer a decision on the application until later in the year.
		In addition to basing her refugee claim on religious persecution, she relied upon the fact that when she travelled to New Zealand in December 1988 she had permission from the Hungarian authorities to be absent from Hungary for a period of twelve months only.
		As the second appellant fairly conceded, the enforcement of compulsory military training is carried out for no other reason than that such service is part of the general law of the land.
	www.refugee.org.nz /rsaa/text/docs/296-92.htm (5474 words)

	Theses, Department of History, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
		Davis, G F - Old identities and New Iniquities - The Taieri Plain in Otago Province 1770-1870 (MA, 1973).
		A study of Presbyterian charity in Dunedin in the early twentieth century (BA (Hons), 1979).
		New Zealand Rural Women’s Political Participation 1970-1990 (PGDA, 2000).
	www.otago.ac.nz /History/theses/title_o.html (340 words)

	The Jobs Letter No.5 -- Diary
		ACT New Zealand's Inaugural conference in Auckland sees calls for compulsory military training for unemployed people under 25 who have been on the dole for more than 3 months, and the abolition of welfare benefits in favour of people providing for themselves through insurance.
		New Plymouth District Council declines funding proposals for a community needs analysis into local health, employment and housing issues, and a work project for unemployed Taranaki representative sports people.
		Central Auckland Medical Officer of Health Lester Calder warns that increasing poverty in NZ may be causing an increase in the highly infectious and often fatal disease tuberculosis.
	www.jobsletter.org.nz /jbl00501.htm (593 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Sir Joseph George Ward
		Sir Joseph George Ward (1856-1930) served twice as New Zealand's Prime Minister, from 1906-12 and 1928-30, and was Deputy Prime Minister during the First World War.
		Born in Melbourne, Victoria in 1856 Ward's family migrated to New Zealand in 1859.
		He also brought in the 1909 Defence Act which provided for compulsory military training and notably strengthened New Zealand's military forces, forming the Territorial Army.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/ward.htm (459 words)

	WARS – FIRST WORLD WAR, 1914–18 - Mobilisation - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		New Zealand's response to the outbreak of war on 4 August was quick and wholehearted.
		Compulsory military training had begun in 1912 and had already yielded 29,447 Territorials and 26,446 senior cadets; but there were only a few modern guns for them, many old-fashioned rifles, and little else.
		As administrative services existed mainly on paper, the staff corps of 100 officers and the permanent staff of 211 warrant and noncommissioned officers had to improvise almost miraculously to accommodate a field force and begin training.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/W/WarsFirstWorldWar191418/en (238 words)

	ODM of New Zealand Index
		Citizens of New Zealand are also eligible for the award of numerous UK orders, decorations and medals; although the establishment of purely New Zealand awards as detailed above is designed to replace many of the UK awards previously used.
		The assistance of Phillip O'Shea, the New Zealand Herald, has been invaluable in preparing this section, in particular his generous permission for the use here of his original images of many of the New Zealand decorations - most of which he was responsible for designing.
		Mark Brewer provided a picture of his own New Zealand General Service Medal (Peacekeeping) and Lukasz Gaszewski supplied images of ribbons and lots of information.
	www.medals.connectfree.co.uk /new-zealand/nz.htm (472 words)

	History - 1900-1949 - Statistics New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Please note, this information may now be out of date.
		Michael Joseph Savage dies and is succeeded by Peter Fraser.
		Australia – New Zealand Agreement provides for co–operation in the South Pacific.
	www.stats.govt.nz /quick-facts/people/history-1900-1949.htm?print=Y (454 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Salvation for Conchies -- Nov. 18, 1929 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Sir Joseph George Ward, George V's Prime Minister in New Zealand.* Compulsory military training has lately been a hot subject for discussion in the Antipodes.
		Before the issue could come to a political boil in New Zealand, Prime Minister Ward made his move.
		He arranged that any "conchy" (conscientious objector) not desiring to drill with the military, should drill with the Salvation Army, receive "training in social service," learn to sing hosannahs, jingle tambourines, sell The War Cry (Salvation weekly).
	www.time.com /time/archive/printout/0,23657,738051,00.html (170 words)

	RootsWeb: NEW-ZEALAND-L Archives (April 2001)
		Re: [NZ] Drowning - the New Zealand Death
		[NZ] O'Hagan - Ballymena to New Zealand 1921
		[NZ] BADTRANS VIRUS ON GENANZ and NEW ZEALAN-D attachments
	archiver.rootsweb.com /th/index/NEW-ZEALAND/2001-04 (686 words)

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