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Topic: Compulsory education

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	Compulsory education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Compulsory education is education which children are required by law to receive and governments to provide.
		Compulsory education at the primary level was affirmed as a human right in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
		On one hand, compulsory education tries to guarantee that all children have the chance to study irrespective of whether they or their parents happen to think it's useless or something else is more important.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compulsory_education (463 words)

	Education in Japan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are three ways that a child is educated in Japan: by attending a public school for a compulsory education, by attending a private school for a compulsory education, or by attending a private school that does not adhere to standards set by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
		Education is compulsory and free for all schoolchildren from the first through the ninth grades.
		Educational and athletic facilities are modest; almost all elementary schools had an outdoor playground, roughly 90 percent have a gymnasium, and 75 percent have an outdoor swimming pool.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Education_in_Japan (3508 words)

	Education: Free and Compulsory
		Another powerful argument against compulsory education, one which is generally overlooked, is that, if instruction is compulsory, and the parent cannot afford to send his children to a private school or tutor, and is prevented from instructing the children himself, he must send his child to a public school.
		The record of the development of compulsory education is a record of State usurpation of parental control over children on behalf of its own; an imposition of uniformity and equality to repress individual growth; and the development of techniques to hinder the growth of reasoning power and independent thought among the children.
		The Reformers advocated compulsory education for all as a means of inculcating the entire population with their particular religious views, as an indispensable aid in effective "war with the devil" and the devil's agents.
	www.mises.org /web/2689 (15986 words)

	Education: Compulsory Education
		Compulsory education in Sweden takes the form of a nine year comprehensive school for children aged 7-16.
		The objectives of education, to be pursued through teaching, are expressed as the aims of education; and the objectives which all pupils must be given a chance of achieving, as the aims of educational requirements.
		The National Agency for Education must ensure that in-service training courses are available in all parts of the country, whilst the local education authorities are obliged by law to ensure that all school staff are adequately trained.
	www.sverigeturism.se /smorgasbord/smorgasbord/society/education/compulsory.html (1828 words)

	COMPULSORY EDUCATION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
		The department in charge of education under the State Council shall, in accordance with the needs of the socialist modernization and with the physical and mental development of children and adolescents, decide on the teaching methods, the courses to be offered and their content, and the selection of textbooks for compulsory education.
		Appropriate facilities for compulsory education must be included in the plans for construction and development of both urban and rural areas.
		Teachers should be committed to the cause of socialist education, endeavour to raise their own ideological and cultural levels as well as professional competence, show concern for their students and be devoted to their duties.
	www.novexcn.com /cumpulsory_education.html (1143 words)

	COMPULSORY EDUCATION
		Education is generally described as the process of change in behaviors of individuals.
		Compulsory education is a legal expression under which the individual would receive education in the mentioned education institutions until a certain age.
		The prepared teaching materials were introduced to 3.000 primary education inspectors who have participated the “active learning and utilization of teaching materials seminar” and 40.000 brochures were distributed to schools for introducing the textbooks to all teachers and directors at primary education schools.
	www.meb.gov.tr /stats/apk2001ing/Section_4/CompulsoryEducation1.htm (1081 words)

	Education: Post-Compulsory Education
		Various types of education within one school can be located to different buildings, and in many places upper secondary education pupils and students in municipal adult education share the same building.
		The pupils are also given increased choice with respect to the content of their own education, as well as greater possibilities to influence the teaching methods and the forms of evaluation.
		As in the new curriculum for compulsory school, the objectives stated in the curriculum for the non-compulsory schools are of two kinds.
	www.sverigeturism.se /smorgasbord/smorgasbord/society/education/post-compulsory.html (1315 words)

	Compulsory Education - Phi Delta Kappan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		If public education is to adjust to the pressure to increase parents' choices for schooling their children, then it will be necessary for public educators to entertain the idea that their schools need to be free to choose not to teach certain students.
		A K-12 education should come to be thought of as an educational allotment to be used up sometime during an individual's life, rather than as something that happens between the ages of 5 and 18.
		Teachers and other educators will be more responsible to set and enforce reasonable standards of performance and behavior, and to look for good alternatives for students with problems before giving up the funding each brings to the school.
	comnet.org /cpsr/essays/compulsory2.htm (2811 words)

	Compulsory education to be re-introduced - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Compulsory education was introduced in some parishes in 1982.
		The 2006 report from the National Council on Education (NCE), the statutory body set up to give advice to the minister, indicates that the average monthly attendance continues to range between 54 per cent and 70 per cent as most of the recovered cases reverted to absenteeism and had to be redeemed repeatedly.
		The NCE has done a preliminary analysis of the requirements to fully introduce compulsory education, and the recommendations are being studied prior to a Cabinet submission.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20060715T180000-0500_109119_OBS_COMPULSORY_EDUCATION_TO_BE_RE_INTRODUCED_.asp (432 words)

	About the Post Compulsory Division - Department Structure - About the Department of Education & Training - ...
		Research indicates that if young people do not successfully transit from education and training to sustainable employment by their mid-twenties, they continue to be disadvantaged on many measures, both financial and social.
		Finally, the 15-24 year old cohort is the most numerous group in post compulsory education and training, and the subject of targets for improved outcomes articulated by the Government in its Blueprint for Government Schools, and in Growing Victoria Together: A Vision for Victoria to 2010 and Beyond.
		Three important criteria guide post compulsory education and training provision for young people in Victoria: coordinating the efforts of providers to improve outcomes for young people; recognising the learner as the centre of the system; and informing service delivery with industry priorities.
	www.education.vic.gov.au /about/structure/postcomp/default.htm (387 words)

	Education UK - Innovative. Individual. Inspirational.
		Education systems in the UK have evolved over hundreds of years, and are subject to rigorous quality standards.
		Education in the UK is compulsory for everyone between the ages of five and sixteen, and is provided by two kinds of schools: state-funded schools and independent (fee-charging) schools.
		Many children start their education at the age of three or four at a nursery school or in the nursery class at a primary school.
	www.educationuk.org /pls/hot_bc/page_pls_user_advice?b=advice&d=brit_edu_sys (567 words)

	Compulsory Education - Educational Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Compulsory education has not yet been openly challenged by school choice proposals, in part, because it is so deeply ingrained in our thinking.
		"Compulsory education" is virtually synonymous with "public education." It has been around so long and is so widespread that we don't even see it as a separate element of schooling.
		Compulsory attendance creates a climate of tolerance for intolerable behavior that even permeates the upper levels of high school, where students can be legally dropped.
	comnet.org /cpsr/essays/compulsory1.htm (3096 words)

	A Review of California's Compulsory Education Laws
		California's compulsory education laws require children between six and eighteen years of age to attend school, with a limited number of specified exceptions.
		The school must: (1) report the truant pupil to the district's attendance supervisor, (2) notify the parent or guardian that the pupil is truant, and (3) provide the pupil and parent with certain interventions—such as providing the pupil with counseling and tutoring and requiring the parent to attend a parenting class.
		This is probably because the Education Code penalties are generally viewed as the least invasive and traumatic to the family involved in a truancy violation.
	www.lao.ca.gov /2004/compulsory_ed/020304_Compulsory_Education_Laws.htm (4899 words)

	STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA
		Secondary (complete) general education on the basis of basic general education continues for two years and ends when students are 17-18.
		Higher education is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, which is responsible for the accreditation and licensing of HEIs and for developing and maintaining State Educational Standards.
		There are three levels of higher education: 1) incomplete higher education (2 years at least); 2) basic higher education (4 years) leading to the Bakalavr's degree, the first university level degree; 3) postgraduate higher education (total number of years of post-secondary education: 5-6 years or more).
	www.euroeducation.net /prof/russco.htm (1988 words)

	TA to Help Increase Compulsory Education Finance in PRC
		Getting a good education is one of the best ways to escape poverty and to ensure that people do not wind up on the wrong side of the digital divide.
		In view of these challenges, the Government has renewed its commitment to achieving the second MDG of providing education for all, reflected in an action plan released in April 2003, and to achieving the "two basics": elimination of illiteracy and universalization of nine-year compulsory education.
		Special emphasis has been given to the Western Region, where, by the end of the 2002-2003 school year, 372 counties had not yet achieved universalization of compulsory education, 60 counties had failed to provide full primary education, and 260 were still battling against illiteracy among the young and middle-aged adults.
	www.adb.org /Media/Articles/2004/6037_prc_education (643 words)

	UNESCO \| Education - GOAL 2 - PROVIDE FREE AND COMPULSORY PRIMARY EDUCATION FOR ALL
		For parents to keep their children in school until they complete primary education, teaching and learning must be of a good quality.
		Making sure that primary education is a good education: it is no good putting every child in school unless education really enables them to learn and to grow.
		Learning basic skills may take eight or nine years of schooling, so it is important to advocate for the links between primary and (early) secondary education, as well as to recognize that the prospect of effective secondary education is an incentive to children and their parents to complete primary education successfully.
	portal.unesco.org /education/en/ev.php-URL_ID=41576&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (1734 words)

	Amazon.com: Education: Free & Compulsory: Books: Murray Newton Rothbard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The dullards will never be able to master even the most elementary subjects, so compulsory education forces them to waste their years in public facilities, while the brightest are never able to harness their full potential since the class must keep pace with the lowest denominator.
		The American education establishment, as Rothbard notes, praised the Prussian model and brought an extensive state mandated and compulsory education system to the US during the course of the 19th and 20th centuries.
		The ulterior motive of the education establishment is to use government schools to indoctrinate the nation's children with loyalty to the state rather than allowing them to develop and educate themselves independently with direct parental involvement.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0945466226?v=glance (3154 words)

	EducationNews.Org- America's leading Education News Source Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It's almost universal for people, whether the establishment, reformers, or the average citizen, to use the terms "school" or "schooling," and "education" as if they are interchangeable, which they are not.
		Sickly as a child, "Teedie" as he was known to the family, was taught by an aunt, and educated through reading and travel, and didn't attend a formal school until he entered Harvard.
		One misuse of the "schooling" and "education" is to speak of "compulsory education." That is a misnomer.
	www.educationnews.org /Commentaries/Compulsory_Schooling.htm (754 words)

	Bahá'í Principles: Universal Compulsory Education
		Observe carefully how education and the arts of civilization bring honor, prosperity, independence and freedom to a government and its people.
		It is, furthermore, a vital necessity to establish schools throughout..., even in the smallest country towns and villages, and to encourage the people in every possible way to have their children learn to read and write.
		Until the nerves and arteries of the nation stir into life, every measure that is attempted will prove vain; for the people are as the human body, and determination and the will to struggle are as the soul, and a soulless body does not move.
	www.bahaiprinciples.org /UniversalEducation/index.php (215 words)

	Amazon.ca: Teaching and Training in Post-Compulsory Education: Books: Andy Armitage,Robin Bryant,Richard Dunhill,Dennis ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Teaching and Training in Post-Compulsory Education is the definitive textbook on learning, teaching, resources, assessment and course planning in all areas of post-compulsory education.
		It is key reading for students at all levels who are training to teach in post-compulsory education, teachers educators and trainers from industry and commerce.
		Shirley Lawes is an education consultant and researcher associated with the University of London, Institute of Education.
	www.amazon.ca /Teaching-Training-in-Post-Compulsory-Education/dp/0335212735 (657 words)

	The Spread of Education Before Compulsion: Britain and America in the Nineteenth Centuty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The evidence also shows that working parents were purchasing increasing amounts of education for their children as their incomes were rising from 1818 onwards, and this, to repeat, at a time before education was 'free' and compulsory by statute.
		After education was made compulsory by statute, the government-school advocates argued that it was wrong to compel the very poorest to do something they could not afford.
		Free education was legislated for the new government schools exclusively because it was argued that it would be inviting conflict to ask taxpayers to subsidize religious schools.
	www.theadvocates.org /freeman/9607west.html (2707 words)

	Compulsory Education: A Dialogue
		Public Education is the means by which a society reproduces itself and resists change.
		Compulsory education is the premiere means by which change for the better (for the citizens) can be nipped in the bud, and thereby imbue to the benefit of the State.
		the highest priority) is to educate children in such a way that within a generation (say 15 years), they will have a group of fanatic, true believers that will do anything but exercise critical thinking, discriminate between conflicting ideas, and so forth.
	www.halexandria.org /dward037.htm (1358 words)

	Compulsory Education in Singapore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		These recommendations have been accepted by the government and compulsory education will be introduced in 2003.
		Compulsory Education (CE), defined as education in national schools for Singapore citizens residing in Singapore, should be introduced.
		The duration of CE defines the minimum period of education for all Singaporean children rather than the ideal duration from an educational perspective.
	www32.brinkster.com /singaporehg/compulsory.htm (391 words)

	Libertarians and Compulsory Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		However, I assume that libertarians are against compulsory education.
		That appears to create a situation where the rich get richer and the poor stay poorer, because rich people will be able to afford better education, and consequently their children will be able to get better jobs which will allow them to provide better education for their children.
		Because education is compulsory, even violent troublemakers remain in the classroom and students are lucky if they learn to read and write.
	www.self-gov.org /ruwart/q0030.html (326 words)

	PGCE Post Compulsory Education
		The PGCE (PCE) is a recognised teaching qualification for students intending to teach in the post compulsory and further education sector and for practising teachers within the sector wishing to undertake an approved programme of teacher education.
		The programme operates in four partner further education colleges: Exeter College; South Devon College; Yeovil College; and Cornwall College, St Austell (final intake 2005/6) and is predominantly taught by practising lecturer/educators who are based in those institutions.
		To enable students to locate their understanding of curriculum and, in turn, their own educational practices, within the wider social, economic, political and moral contexts of which they are part.
	www.education.ex.ac.uk /course_information.php?sitscode=PCT1EDUPGC01 (1058 words)

	Education : Post-Compulsory Education PGCE
		The focus of the course will be the necessary skills required to operate as a teacher in PCE which will be addressed within the wider context of professional practice.
		Assessments are made on the basis of coursework assignments, the practice of teaching portfolio and the achievement of national standards taken from the Standards Verification UK.
		The usual entry qualifications are a first degree from a UK Higher Education institution or a recognised equivalent and the content of entrants' previous experience and education should provide the necessary foundation for work as a teacher.
	www.uce.ac.uk /web2/education/post-compulsory.html (376 words)

	CRQ - The Centre for Research into Quality - UCE
		The team is developing its expertise in the field of compulsory education.
		The team is working in collaboration with the Faculty of Education of UCE on an important new study of pupil mobility, commissioned by Children's Fund and City Council of Wolverhampton.
		The study is designed to improve our understanding of the reasons why significant numbers of children are moved from school by their parents/carers agencies and the consequences that this would have for learning.
	www.uce.ac.uk /crq/compulsoryeducation.htm (211 words)

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