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Topic: Compulsory figures

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	iceskate.com is the official site with all the information about ice skating. Visit the coolest site in the world.
		In figure skating it is always desirable to skate on only one edge of the blade, and never on both at the same time (which is referred to as a flat).
		Moves in the field (known in the UK as field moves), which have replaced compulsory figures as a discipline to teach the same turns and edge skills in the context of fluid free skating movements instead of being constrained to artificially precise circles.
		Figure skating is a sporting event where individuals, mixed couples, or groups perform spins, jumps, and other "moves" on the ice, often to music.
	www.iceskate.com (4179 words)

	Compulsory Dance
		In the late 1980's as TV was pursuing its agenda to eliminate compulsory figures from the ladies' and men's events there was corresponding talk of eliminating compulsory dance from the ice dancing event.
		The purpose of the compulsory dances in the ice dance competition is to compare each of the couples skating the same steps to the same rhythms.
		If opponents of compulsory dance have their way at the 2000 Congress we may see ice dancing begin to skate down that road at the 2001 championships, with compulsory dance relegated to the history of the 20th century skating; like their already retired counterparts compulsory figures.
	www.iceskatingintnl.com /archive/features/compdnce.htm (672 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		Compulsory figures, in which skaters use their blades to draw circles, figure 8s, and similar shapes in ice, and are judged on the accuracy and clarity of the figures and the cleanness and exact placement of the various turns on the circles.
		Figure skates differ from hockey skates most visibly in having a set of large, jagged teeth called toe picks (also called "toe rakes") on the front of the blade.
		Compulsory figures formerly accounted for up to 60% of the score in singles figure skating, which meant that skaters who could build up a big lead in figures could win competitions even if they were mediocre free skaters.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=figure_skating (3801 words)

	AMATEUR FIGURE SKATING
		Figure skating is one of the most popular participation sports in this country, especially among women and young girls (The United States Figure Skating Association, 1999).
		My husband was and is an official United States Figure Skating Association judge, and as such is a member of another almost separate branch of the community, and my two national competitor children both went on to become career professional skating coaches, yet another branch of the community.
		This activity became a part of the competition structure and champions were defined by the ability to skate both the compulsory figures and the freestyle (jumps, spins, etc.) with great skill in both of these rather disparate activities.
	jumpspin.com /mom (4706 words)

	INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - SPORTS
		Figure skating began in the mid- to late-19th century in Europe, but two Americans are responsible for major developments in its history.
		Originally free skating was dominated by the compulsory figures, which entailed the tracing of diagrams on the ice based on the figure eight.
		In ice dancing, compulsory dances are still skated, together with an original dance and free dance, with the latter counting for 50% of the totals score.
	www.olympic.org /uk/sports/programme/history_uk.asp?DiscCode=FS&sportCode=SK (307 words)

	Estill Voice Training Institute
		Practice sessions in small groups allow students to develop proficiency in the Figures under the supervision of experienced instructors, one of whom is a practicing voice therapy clinician.
		Each compulsory figure produces a different "sound effect" in the voice; skills developed during this beginning experience with the Estill model also pertain to the maintenance of vocal health.
		With the structural control gained through Compulsory Figures, students learn to "mix" each of the arbitrary voice quality "recipes." The advantages, limitations, and risks of each quality will be discussed, as well as appropriate application to repertoire.
	www.newenglandconservatory.edu /summer/institutes/estill_voice_training.html (386 words)

	un-retouchers.com - Olympic Figure Skating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Figure skating gets its name from the Compulsory Figures (also known as School Figures) skaters did in competition up until 1990.
		After the Figure was completed, judges would get off their fat butts and squat down on the ice to check the tracing and see how close it came to perfection.
		As you could probably imagine, Compulsory Figures did not exactly make for compelling television, and they were eliminated in 1990.
	www.un-retouchers.com /Olympic_Figure_Skating.html (309 words)

	Competitive Figure Skating FAQ: Technical Elements
		Compulsory figures are variations on the figure 8, where the skater attempts to skate a perfectly round circle on a perfectly clean edge, and then do the same on the other foot.
		Figures are skated on circles 12 to 15 feet in diameter except for the group of figures called loops which are skated on much smaller circles.
		Compulsory figures used to be worth 60% of the score in figure skating, but after 1968 they were progressively devalued and finally eliminated completely from international competition after the 1990 season.
	www.frogsonice.com /skateweb/faq/technical.shtml (4315 words)

	Figure Skating
		Figure skating has often been described as "ballet on ice." Skaters blend dance and athletics to create routines that dazzle audiences and demonstrate grace and skill.
		Figure skating had developed a stiff and rigid style of skating but Jackson added free and expressive movements to his routines.
		Figure skating costumes generally fit close to the body but are designed to allow freedom of movement.
	2002.uen.org /html/sports/lessons/figureskating.html (2346 words)

	For compulsory figures, the number is up
		Compulsory figures, the very foundation of figure skating, disappeared from the sport Wednesday when Hill completed her left forward paragraph loop.
		Dropped by the International Skating Union in 1991, figures survived at the U.S. championships until this year.
		Hill received a copy of a certificate headed to the USFSA museum that signified she was the last figures skater.
	www.canoe.ca /SlamSkatingArchive/feb10_for.html (539 words)

	Olympic Figure Skating Links
		"Figure" skating is named for the compulsory figures skaters did in competition until 1990, in which the skater would attempt to trace a set pattern on the ice.
		Judges would examine the figure and grade based upon how close the tracing was to the proscribed pattern.
		Nowadays, figure skaters perform two programs in competition: the short, or technical, worth about 1/3 of the total score, is comprised of a series of required elements.
	www.sirlinksalot.net /figureskating.html (250 words)

	Ice Skating \| Scholastic.com
		Figure skating is primarily a sport of amateurs.
		For years the singles competitors were judged on compulsory figures and two free skating programs.
		The compulsory-figures category required each skater to perform repetitions of 3 figures drawn from a possible 41 patterns, which were judged according to a skater's precision, balance, control, and gracefulness in retracing the figure.
	content.scholastic.com /browse/article.jsp?id=5077 (1323 words)

	woa.tv :: Sonja Henie
		Prior to Henie, figure skating was a sport in which athletic men and women performed basic maneuvers and carved compulsory figures in the ice while dressed in drab-colored tweed and wool.
		The young pioneer created a theatrical form of figure skating, which combined leaps and spins in a fluid choreography that was synchronized with music, obviously influenced by her years of training as a dancer.
		A petite woman with an athletic figure and a dimpled smile, Henie was ambitious in a way that set her apart from other sports figures of her day.
	www.woa.tv /articles/at_henies.html (1088 words)

	Precision Figures
		All figures have a resolution of 150 dpi.
		Select a figure from the drop down box to see it in full size.
		You can switch to other figures or change the size using either method.
	www.kitelife.com /irbc/Precision/Figures.asp (165 words)

	comment on the IRBC compulsory book
		It might be wise to explicitly give an explanation of what is to be tested with a figure, as a guide for both flyers and judges, especially for pair and teams, where being (or flying as) a pair or team can be part of the test.
		For all figures my advice is look at them with "hard to fly, easy to judge, fun to watch" (I wrote that line for the first time, in 1993, and I think it is still valid) in mind, and add to it "discriminating well between the good and the better flyer".
		This means that a number of figures (where the kites fly the same figure parallel) loose a serious degree of difficulty if the distance between the pilots is kept the same as the kites need to have.
	hans.kitesonlines.org /comirbc3.htm (2877 words)

	Dorothy Hamill at AllExperts
		Although she was born in Chicago, her family moved to Greenwich, Connecticut shortly after she was born, and she spent the rest of her childhood there.
		She was in 3rd place after the compulsory figures and the short program.
		In 1976, Hamill switched boots to be able to skate the compulsory figures better (she had been wearing special boots created by Carlo Fassi that did not seem to be helping her).
	en.allexperts.com /e/d/do/dorothy_hamill.htm (640 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > Sports -- Kwan, Slutskaya renew on-ice rivalry
		The Russian did not compete at last year's worlds, so she was considered a skater with no ranking and was randomly put in one of the two qualifying groups.
		Compulsory figures in singles skating were removed from skating competition after the 1990 season.
		Figure skating advanced because of that move, although many coaches still grumble that the basics of the sport are not covered.
	www.signonsandiego.com /sports/20040323-1433-fig-worldschampionships-notebook.html (585 words)

	Kira Ivanova Information
		Kira Ivanova (10 January 1963 — December 2001) was a figure skater from the former Soviet Union whose senior international career ran from 1979 to 1988.
		She was known as an outstanding performer of compulsory figures but a relatively weak free-skater.
		At the 1988 Winter Olympics, for example, she finished first in the compulsory figures, beating the defending Olympic champion Katarina Witt, but skated poorly in both the short and long programs, which took her out of medal contention.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Kira_Ivanova (192 words)

	Figure Skating Mystery: JUDGE NOT LEST YE BE... YOU KNOW...
		Figure Skating Mystery: JUDGE NOT LEST YE BE...
		Canadian World Pair Champion Paul Martini tells the Toronto Star that the reason for the decline in figure skating's television ratings is "Many people felt figure skating was fixed and they were proven right at Salt Lake City.
		In the past, compulsory figures were the great equalizer.
	www.figureskatingmystery.com /2005/12/judge-not-lest-ye-be-you-know.html (474 words)

	Welcome to Sonia Bianchetti Garbato .:. Figure Skating Referee, Author
		Sonia Bianchetti Garbato has been blazing trails in the figure skating world as a judge, official, rule maker, and Olympic referee for 40 years.
		Whether removing compulsory figures from competition or writing articles contesting the validity of the ISU's new judging system, Sonia has worked tirelessly to modernize the sport and fight against corruption.
		Cracked Ice is the first true insider's look at those who rule the sport of figure skating and its money.
	www.soniabianchetti.com (98 words)

	Amazon.com: INSIDE EDGE: A Revealing Journey Into the Secret World of Figure Skating: Books: Christine Brennan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		compulsory school figures, triple toe loop, triple axel, triple lutz, skating officials, double axel, male skaters, junior ladies, ladies competition, triple salchow, triple flip, skating community, skating world, technical mark, double lutz, combination jump, top skaters, junior lady, other skaters, pairs skating, short program, compulsory figures, triple jumps, one skater, triple loop
		Tonya Harding is now a pariah in the world of American figure skating even though she helped many of today's figure skating athletes to become household names and wealthy as well.
		As a figure skater this book was really interesting for me. It brought out all the negative things about skating (the early morning practices, pressure to do well, AIDS, homosexuality, and the extremem competitivness of the sport) and put them out for the world to see.
	www.amazon.com /INSIDE-EDGE-Revealing-Journey-Skating/dp/0684801671 (2013 words)

	Welcome to Sonia Bianchetti Garbato .:. Figure Skating Referee, Author
		Cousins (GBR) placed 4th in compulsory figures (3rd for me), behind Jan Hoffmann (GDR), Charles Tickner and David Santee, both from the U.S.; in the short program he was unanimously placed first.
		As for Linda, I believe it was well known that her problem was the compulsory figures, in which she was very weak.
		In 1979 at Worlds she placed 3rd in figures and 1st both in short and free and won the title in a very close competition with Anett Poetzsch.
	www.soniabianchetti.com /writings_fpcr.html (794 words)

	ALP figures back compulsory ethanol levels in fuel. 15/06/2006. ABC News Online
		The push to mandate ethanol levels in petrol has a new ally - the ALP, with key Labor figures in New South Wales and Queensland said to be pushing for a 10 per cent biofuel component in fuels.
		A motion to that effect was unanimously passed at the NSW Labor conference last weekend..
		The Labor move comes as the federal National Party leadership heads in the opposite direction, ruling out any compulsory standards being adopted despite a good deal of backbench and National Party support for biofuels.
	www.abc.net.au /news/newsitems/200606/s1663772.htm (265 words)

	Poetry Daily Prose Feature: "What Writing Can Be": A Conversation with Henry Taylor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Henry Taylor is the author of five volumes of poetry and a collection of essays on contemporary poetry entitled Compulsory Figures.
		But to return to Compulsory Figures, I especially like your essays on William Stafford, William Meredith, and James Wright — prose that's a pleasure to read, insightful and discriminating.
		I understand Frost's famous warning, in "The Figure a Poem Makes," that "It is but a trick poem and no poem at all if the best of it was thought of first and saved for the last." But I believe the trick may be pulled off well enough that the result is a real poem.
	www.poems.com /essatayl.htm (6511 words)

	INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - ATHLETES
		Peggy Fleming came from a family that sacrificed greatly to allow her to pursue her love for figure skating.
		Her mother designed and sewed all of her costumes and her father relocated the family twice to find better training for his daughter.
		Fleming, who had placed sixth at the 1964 Olympics, built up a huge lead after the compulsory figures and easily won the first-place votes of all nine judges.
	www.olympic.org /uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=70262 (107 words)

	Welcome to U.S. Figure Skating
		If you count the ages from three (when I started) to 23 (my first Olympics in Calgary), then it was 20, but it's more like 14, since the first six years were not as serious as it became later on.
		A: 1) Eligible figure skaters are now truly professional athletes — we were not allowed to earn money for performing, teaching or commercial involvement.
		There is no reason for training time to be the reason for a child to not attend school, unless the rink has no ice time during non-school hours — in which case, I would attempt to find a more flexible arrangement with the school and/or the rink.
	www.usfigureskating.org /Magazine.asp?id=57&issue=298 (2582 words)

	Sarasota Family YMCA - Sarasota, Florida
		A superlative individual effort was turned in by Lisa Colin who grabbed first place in 14-15 year old Compulsory Figures and then outclassed the rest of the field in capturing the Blue Ribbon in 14-15 year old Solo Routine competition.
		In Compulsory Figures for 14-15 year olds, Jillian placed second, Suzette fifth and Sophia sixth.
		In Compulsory Figures for 12-13 year olds, Corinna placed sixth and Alice seventh.
	www.sarasota-ymca.org /aboutUs/pressRelease.cfm?preID=23 (271 words)

	USATODAY.com - Familiar dancers showing their stuff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Their score of 38.23 points was more than seven points ahead of fellow Americans Morgan Matthews and Maxim Zavozin, a gap that has the makings of a rout.
		He had great flow in and out of his jumps, and every element was perfectly matched to the beats of the music.
		Skating to a soulful "Adagio," he mesmerized the audience with old-school footwork that could be traced back to the days of compulsory figures and tight, quick spins.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/olympics/torino/figureskating/2006-01-26-ice-dancing-compulsories-4-continents_x.htm?POE=SPOISVA (936 words)

	Debi Thomas - Power & Grace
		Skating against the defending champion, 1985 world bronze medallist, Tiffany Chin, Debi won the compulsory figures.
		Kira Ivanova of the Soviet Union, won the compulsory figures.
		Along with the men's competition between American's Brian Boitano and Canada's Brian Orser, labelled The Battle of the Brians, figure skating reached a level of popularity unseen.
	www.geocities.com /debi_thomas_2003/web/debi_profile.htm (1432 words)

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