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Topic: Compulsory military service

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	Lebanonwire.com \| Lebanon scraps compulsory military service
		"Military service is considered abolished indefinitely starting February 10," in line with a law voted by parliament in 2005, it said in a statement.
		"Military service recruits used to account for up to 35 percent a few years ago, when we needed to reunite Lebanese youths in a single national institution after the (1975-1990) civil war," he said.
		In January 2005, the Lebanese parliament voted to scrap compulsory military service, with the act due to come into effect 24 months after the law was published.
	www.lebanonwire.com /0702MLN/07021223AGC.asp (225 words)

	"The Druze in Israel and the Question of Compulsory Military Service," by Zeidan Atashi
		After compulsory IDF service for Druze was initiated in May 1956, opponents began to organize public protests that spread throughout the Druze villages, and petitions of protest were sent to institutions and individuals in the Israeli government requesting the cancellation of this move.
		Military service, therefore, not only opened up equal opportunities for hundreds of Druze, but increased their status and influence, and many understood that the Druze stood at the forefront of a new era that could strengthen the connection between the rest of Israel's Arab citizens and the Jews and the state institutions.
		The continuation of military service and political pressures in all the ranks are liable to improve the condition of Druze, and to advance their participation in academic education and the development of infrastructure in their places of settlement.
	www.jcpa.org /jl/vp464.htm (5211 words)

	Report of the Secretary-General on the question of conscientious objection to military service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Service is undertaken as compulsory military service, compulsory civilian service or compulsory national service.
		In Argentina, during military conscription those persons (conscientious objectors) who, from "profound religious, philosophical or moral convictions", are unable to perform obligatory military service are required to perform alternative social service in such areas as public health and the environment.
		Instead of substitute service, persons recognized as entitled to refuse to perform war service may also perform service as civil defence or disaster prevention auxiliaries or in the development services or in a service abroad intended to further the peaceful coexistence of the peoples.
	hri.ca /fortherecord1997/documentation/commission/e-cn4-1997-99.htm (13634 words)

	Conscription - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Military service is normally performed in the regular armed forces, but the 1984 law does allow for conscription into the reserve forces.
		Military service for Swiss men is obligatory according to the Federal Constitution, and includes 18 or 21 weeks of basic training (depending on troop category) as well as annual 3-week-refresher courses until a number of service days which increases with rank (260 days for privates) is reached.
		For example, the Argentinian military service was known as la colimba; the word colimba is a composite word made from the initial syllables of the verbs correr (to run), limpiar (to clean) and barrer (to sweep), as it was perceived that all a conscript did during service was running, cleaning and sweeping.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compulsory_military_service (11397 words)

	Compulsory Military Service for All (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In spite of the fact that compulsory military service, indeed service at any level, is not a requirement of anyone in the nation today, I believe that everyone should be required to serve the country.
		Israel requires service of all of her citizens because when it comes down to it — everyone should have to give to the nation to take from it and it is all of our responsibilities to defend the United States.
		Compulsory military service, unfortunately, is simply a dream of CBS and some people that used a fraudulent email to get people worked up.
	www.washingtondispatch.com /printer_10220.shtml (728 words)

	Estonian Defence Forces - Conscription
		The duration of the compulsory military service is 8 or 11 months, depending on the education and position provided by the Defence Forces to the conscript.
		Conscription to the compulsory military service is conducted on the territorial principle.
		During the compulsory military service you acquire basic knowledge of national defence and are provided training to enable you to fight as a member of a consolidated team.
	www.mil.ee /index_eng.php?s=ajateenistus (807 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Military manpower - military age
		21 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; in practice, volunteers may be taken at the age of 18; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2004)
		18 is the apparent age of voluntary military service; the official qualifications for determining minimum age are unknown (2001)
		17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription at age 18 was suspended in 1999, although all males under age 37 are required to register (2004)
	www.umsl.edu /services/govdocs/wofact2005/fields/2024.html (2502 words)

	About compulsory military service -- in a committed voice
		Military service under the dictatorship was unquestionable and sacrosanct.
		The opponents of compulsory military service and their propaganda campaign is far from being similarly prominent and well organised.
		It is often cited among the advantages of compulsory regular military service that through the process of conscription, a great number of readily mobile mass reserves is available if the elite, professional army, which acts as a backbone of defence fails to hold up the enemy’s attack.
	www.scsp.hu /eng/archives/2000apr/hadk.htm (4461 words)

	Military service - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Military service is service in an army or other military organisation, whether as a chosen job or as the result of an involuntary draft (in that case usually termed conscription).
		Argentina suspended military conscription in 1994 and replaced it with a voluntary military service, yet those already in service had to finish their time in service.
		Military and alternative service was nine months long and in recent years the majority of conscripts chose to perform alternative, rather than military, service.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_service (1306 words)

	swissinfo - Swiss split on compulsory military service
		The principle of compulsory military service is inherent to the militia system, which plays a large part in Swiss tradition and identity.
		On May 18, 2003, Swiss voters approved the military reform project "Army XXI" to reduce the size of the country’s militia army by a third from 350,000 to around 220,000 soldiers.
		Military service is optional for women and Swiss living abroad.
	www.swissinfo.org /eng/search/detail/Swiss_split_on_compulsory_military_service.html?siteSect=881&sid=5786216&cKey=1116156185000 (499 words)

	CHILE: Tragedy Fuels Calls for End to Compulsory Military Service
		Former foreign minister Alvear said that if she is elected president, compulsory military service would be abolished by 2007, and women's participation in the military would be expanded, in response to the level of interest that women have expressed.
		Compulsory military service in Chile "has a long history of violence," said Ramis.
		But organisations of conscientious objectors complain that all men over 18, including those who have not done military service, join the ranks of the military reserves and can be called up in case of armed conflict, even if they are pacifists.
	www.ipsnews.net /africa/interna.asp?idnews=28805 (1135 words)

	World Map - Map of the World -- Field Listing - Military service age and obligation
		20 years of age for conscripts, with three-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian; women are subject to one year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)
		20-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 24-28 months, depending on the military branch involved; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; some 4,000 women serve as commissioned and noncommissioned officers, approx.
		all military inductees (including women) are volunteers who contract for an initial five-year term of service; subsequent voluntary service contracts are for successive three-year terms until the age of 36; minimum age for voluntary military service is 18 (2006)
	www.worldmap.cc /index/fields/2024.html (2774 words)

	Possible Loss of U.S. Citizenship and Foreign Military Service
		Although the United States opposes service by U.S. citizens in foreign armed forces, there is little that we can do to prevent it since each sovereign country has the right to make its own laws on military service and apply them as it sees fit to its citizens and residents.
		Military service in foreign countries usually does not cause loss of citizenship since an intention to relinquish citizenship normally is lacking.
		Service as a high-ranking officer, particularly in a policy-making position, could be viewed as indicative of an intention to relinquish U.S. citizenship.
	travel.state.gov /law/military_service.html (772 words)

	Chile Case 12.219
		The petitioners allege that the obligation to perform military service constitutes a violation of the freedom of conscience of the young men Sahli, Basso, and Garate, as they have been subjected to restrictive measures that are an attack on their beliefs as to how they should carry out their life plans.
		It argues that compulsory military service fits within the concept of prevention for preserving national security, both internal and external, and cannot be considered a violation of the freedom of conscience and religion, but merely as a contribution to maintaining the country’s security.
		This provision excludes “any service of a military character or, in the case of conscientious objectors in countries where they are recognized, service extracted instead of compulsory military service” from the Convention’s prohibition on “forced or compulsory labor”.
	www.cidh.org /annualrep/2005eng/Chile.12219eng.htm (8641 words)

	CENIMAR - Military manpower - military age and obligation by Country
		20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)
		20-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 24-28 months, depending on the military branch involved (to be reduced by 6 months beginning 2014); 18 years of age for voluntary military service; some 4,000 women serve as commissioned and noncommissioned officers, approx.
		all military inductees (including women) are volunteers who contract for an initial 5-year term of service; subsequent voluntary service contracts are for successive 3-year terms until the age of 36; minimum age for voluntary military service is 18 (2006)
	www.cenimar.com /factbook/field.jsp?fieldId=2024 (3040 words)

	Compulsory military service? - Halflife2.net
		Sweden does have compulsory military service but personally I'm against it, I see no reason for young men and women to be forced to spend 1½ year on something they don't like, and wont have any need for in their future lives.
		There should be 1 year of military service after you finish school that is compulsory, teaching leadership skills, fitness, and how to look after yourselfs and your personal space.
		We have a compulsory military training with guns and everything, we get to shoot live ammo and training ammo (ammo with wooden bullets), we get to "play war" once and sometimes get called in for reserve training.
	www.halflife2.net /forums/showthread.php?t=76861 (858 words)

	Curia - %t
		Mr Dory, who is at the age where he is liable for compulsory military service, lodged an application for exemption from military service with the Kreiswehrersatzamt (the district recruiting office) competent for his conscription.
		The Advocate General concludes, first, that the German system of compulsory military service is a core element of the national provisions for ensuring the external security of the Federal Republic of Germany.
		That does not however necessarily mean that the question of compulsory military service and its specific form are completely removed from the scope of Community law.
	curia.europa.eu /en/actu/communiques/cp02/aff/cp0295en.htm (1010 words)

	IIHF - NEWS
		Stephan Netzle, a judge from the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in Lausanne, Switzerland, wrote in the arbitration report that Zherdev had signed a valid NHL contract with Columbus before the August 15th deadline and was thus eligible to play for the NHL club as of the start of the 2003-2004 season.
		The arbitrator ruled that the claim that Zherdev had military obligations in Russia was unfounded because his conscription was in violation of Russian law.
		Initially, the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia, on behalf of CSKA Hockey Club, the party which called for the arbitration, invoked Zherdev's compulsory military service as the reason for not letting the player to transfer to the NHL for the 2003-2004 season.
	www.iihf.com /news/iihfpr2904.htm (275 words)

	Tragedy Fuels Calls for End to Chile's Compulsory Military Service - by Gustavo González
		SANTIAGO -The loss of more than 40 young soldiers in a snowstorm in southern Chile late last week has sparked a fierce debate on the country's compulsory military service.
		Ramis is an activist with the Network of Conscientious Objectors, an umbrella organization of around a dozen religious, youth, and human rights groups advocating voluntary conscription.
		But organizations of conscientious objectors complain that all men over 18, including those who have not done military service, join the ranks of the military reserves and can be called up in case of armed conflict, even if they are pacifists.
	www.antiwar.com /ips/gonzalez.php?articleid=6077 (1125 words)

	Compulsory Military Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Military Service Act of 1923 made all males between 17 and 50 years of age subject to compulsory military service.
		There were certain criteria which would permit a deferrment, but this law brought a tremendous number of young men into the military for short periods of time (the length of the service varied over the years, but was typically between eleven and eighteen months.)
		As a result, we have many unidentified members of the Aviation Regiment whose images appear in the "Who Are These Guys?" section who, for the most part, were only in the Regiment for a very short time.
	latvianaviation.com /Service.html (128 words)

	Universal National Service Act of 2003
		H. To provide for the common defense by requiring that all young persons in the United States, including women, perform a period of military service or a period of civilian service in furtherance of the national defense and homeland security, and for other purposes.
		To provide for the common defense by requiring that all young persons in the United States, including women, perform a period of military service or a period of civilian service in furtherance of the national defense and homeland security, and for other purposes.
		(1) The voluntary enlistment and active service of the person in an active or reverse component of the uniformed services for a period of at least two years, in which case the period of basic military training and education actually served by the person shall be counted toward the term of enlistment.
	www.theorator.com /bills108/hr163.html (1730 words)

	Government approves plan for compulsory military service - PakDef Forums
		The government has approved a proposal for compulsory part-time military service for all government servants for a minimum of five years in the Territorial Army (TA).
		In a letter dated May 23, 2002, a copy of which is with NDTV, the defense ministry informed the Army Chief that the proposal is to be implemented on a priority basis.
		The long-term conception is to expand the Territorial Army from its existing strength of 40,000 to 1,00,000 in the next five years as well as expand its role within the defense framework.
	www.pakdef.info /forum/showthread.php?t=2371 (551 words)

	DEBKAfile - Israel shortens compulsory military service
		DEBKAfile’s military sources criticize the timing of the announcement by defense minister Shaul Mofaz and chief of staff Lt-Gen Halutz in mid-campaign for the March 28 general election.
		However, the reform is useful in that it offers a substantial budget saving on the maintenance of large bodies of clerical and non-essential manpower and a monetary incentive to join combat units.
		The announcement included a second four-month reduction in the period of compulsory military service in four years.
	www.debka.com /headline.php?hid=1902 (140 words)

	ethics forum: Compulsory Military Service
		There is a drumbeat of unease in the US that the service people dying in Iraq represent some of the best and brightest young people from disproportionately disadvantaged communities.
		Moreover, the Services have a responsibility to parents who expect their sons and daughters will not be placed into close association with persons who have committed serious offenses or whose records show ingrained patterns of misbehavior.
		military reflects its racial population, its recruits are not disproportionately form the poor, the recruits are better educated than the general population.
	www.ethics.org.au /ethics_forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1640 (2956 words)

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