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| | Logic and computability (from logic, philosophy of) -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
 | | These findings of Gödel and Montague are closely related to the general study of computability, which is usually known as recursive function theory (see mathematics, foundations of: The crisis in foundations following 1900: Logicism, formalism, and the metamathematical method) and which is one of the most important branches of contemporary logic. |
 | | fundamental principles of logic: (1) law of contradictionsomething cannot exist and not exist at the same time; (2) law of excluded middlesomething either exists or it does not, no middle condition is possible; (3) law of identitysomething is always identical with itself; 20th-century philosophers have criticized, even rejected, the laws, which derive from ancient... |
 | | Discusses the Aristotelean logic, predicate calculus, geometry of Euclid, formal theories of mathematics, and Plato and Aristotle’s philosophy of mathematics. |
| www.britannica.com /eb/article-36296 (895 words) |
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