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Topic: Accessible computing

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	Computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and a science that deals with the original sense of computing mathematical calculations.
		"Computing" has come to mean the operation and usage of computing machines, the electrical processes carried out within the computing hardware itself, and the theoretical concepts governing them (computer science).
		The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, efficiency, implementation, and application.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computing (335 words)

	Pervasive Computing
		Computing is no longer a discrete activity bound to a desktop; network computing and mobile computing are fast becoming a part of everyday life and so is the Internet.
		Pervasive computing devices are not personal computers as we tend to think of them, but very tiny - even invisible - devices, either mobile or embedded in almost any type of object imaginable; all communicating through increasingly interconnected networks.
		Computational power will be available everywhere through mobile and stationary devices that will dynamically connect and coordinate to smoothly help users in accomplishing their tasks.
	www.ewh.ieee.org /r10/bombay/news4/Pervasive_Computing.htm (1532 words)

	PRESS RELEASE IBM Makes Computing More Accessible to Maturing Workers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The accessibility section will host the new and existing accessibility technologies, as well as articles and tutorials to help drive accessibility skills among the global developer community.
		Additionally, IBM recently announced its contribution of accessibility software to the Mozilla Foundation's open standards-based Firefox Web browser, as well as an IBM offering to universities that gives faculty and students a free license to a disability simulator that helps Web designers ensure that their Web pages are accessible and usable by the visually impaired.
		Accessibility technologies can help the maturing workforce remain productive by providing features and functions that make information technology usable by a person with a disability.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=96881 (1091 words)

	Untitled Document
		All of these are just a few of the efforts made by IBM to innovate the computing experience for those whom live with disabilities, however, IBM is not the only company to recognize the emerging need for accessible computing.
		Even the Federal Government is addressing the rising concern of accessible computing by enforcing laws under the 1998 Rehabilitation Act, section 508, which requires that all federal government agencies to format and distribute electronic public information that is released in a form that is accessible to people struggling with disabilities (4).
		Accessible technology is not simply being looked at out of a special needs basis, however as the field grows and the populations continues to age indefinitely, we find that making computing more accessible doesn’t only benefit the disabled – it benefits everyone.
	www.personal.psu.edu /students/m/d/mdh261/project_accessible_technology.htm (692 words)

	Some Practical Considerations for Wheelchair Access to your Micro Lab
		Before the academic computing world knew about voice synthesis and other technologies to assist users with disabilities, wheelchair access was the only consideration made for those with disabilities in the computer lab.
		In some campus computing facilities these stations are used by others when not in use by persons with disabilities, with the understanding that they must be given up if needed by a user with a disability.
		When new computer labs are being designed, or existing facilities reconfigured, a walk-through with staff from the Disabilities and Computing Program and the Campus 504 and ADA Compliance Office can be of help in anticipating possible access problems and identifying potential wheelchair accessible workstation locations.
	www.dcp.ucla.edu /resources/publications/ac.htm (782 words)

	Adaptive Computing Challenges
		Accessibility is the degree to which resources are used to bridge the gap between a person's goals and the requirements of his or her environment.
		It may include appropriate signage to indicate that a computer lab has adaptive equipment; wheelchair access with unlocked, accessible doors between the building entrance and the lab; the provision of accessible restrooms; and housing adaptive equipment in labs that are open a maximum number of hours.
		Computers in the Media Library and in the Disabled Student Services Office are currently used to administer tests in a variety of formats for students requiring special accommodations.
	www.rit.edu /~easi/pubs/ezchal.htm (7167 words)

	Accessible Technology in Computing—Examining Awareness, Use, and Future Potential
		Phase II examined the use of computers and accessible technology among those who were identified in Phase I as being likely or very likely to benefit from accessible technology.
		It involved a follow-up survey with computer users who currently use accessible technology and with computer users who were identified in Phase I as being likely or very likely to benefit from the use of accessible technology due to experiencing mild or severe visual, dexterity, hearing, cognitive, and speech difficulties and impairments.
		Making accessibility options easier to discover and use will result in computers that are easier, more convenient, and more comfortable for computer users.
	www.microsoft.com /enable/research/phase2.aspx (604 words)

	DO-IT: Making Campus Computing Facilities Accessible to People with Disabilities
		Computer labs are used to teach and apply key concepts.
		As a result of all this, accessibility of computing facilities can become all-important to the success of students with disabilities.
		The brochure Making Campus Computing Facilities Accessible to People with Disabilities contains a checklist for accessing computer lab accessibility, a list of helpful communication hints, a list of UW Campus resource, and a list of electronic and print resources that may be useful in finding more information.
	www.washington.edu /doit/Newsletters/Jan97/12.html (205 words)

	IBM News - 2005-10-06 IBM Makes Computing More Accessible to Maturing Workers Belgium/Luxembourg
		Additionally, IBM is reaching out to the world's close to 11 million software developers, launching a new online resource to make it easier for developers to build applications that include accessibility features.
		Computer users can simply download the software and it filters out the shaking movements of the hand - in a manner similar to the way image stabilizing systems of some camera lenses work.
		The tool is of particular interest to software developers that create and sell applications to government agencies and must comply with sophisticated accessibility regulations.
	www.ibm.com /news/be/en/2005/10/04.html (1000 words)

	2005 Conference Proceedings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The good news is that in keeping with best practices, accessibility for students and faculty using assistive technologies was incorporated into the design parameters in the early stages of this "next generation" IT environment project.
		In part, this was due to 1) Web and IT accessibility education efforts on the NC State campus and elsewhere, 2) the growing awareness of technology accessibility as necessary to promote the national priorities of equitable access to education and employment opportunities, and 3) the legal obligations of a state funded research university.
		True accessibility of the VCL We plan to continue to evaluate and test all latest versions of current technology and any emerging assistive technologies to find solutions to make VCL as accessible as possible to the greatest number of users.
	www.csun.edu /cod/conf/2005/proceedings/2314.htm (1259 words)

	Sun Microsystems makes grid computing more accessible
		In terms of this move, the company is introducing a configuration that uses 'building blocks' to tailor grids to the specific needs of customers, explains Jan Dry, solutions and technology manager at Sun Microsystems for the sub-Sahara region.
		He explains that grid computing is about building local or global trade exchanges for compute capacity and data access.
		"At present, grid computing is at the point of moving from grass-roots deployment to becoming a business imperative.
	www.itweb.co.za /office/sun/0401070806.htm (527 words)

	Questions and Answers about Universally Accessible Computing
		Expectations for computer literacy in the workplace are increasing rapidly.
		Even if students aren’t using computers for classwork (and perhaps some never will), they will be inclined to develop practical skills that are useful later.
		Computers are increasingly disability-friendly and may in fact enhance learning opportunities for several students.
	www.calvin.edu /academic/engl/ks/uac/answers.htm (2154 words)

	Accessible Computing, Inc. \| Home
		Companies large and small are rapidly embracing web accessibility because of the many benefits it offers — including increased sales.
		We've been immersed in accessibility and usability for over a decade, and are regarded as pioneers in the field.
		To find out specifically how Accessible Computing can help you, we invite you to contact us for a free, no-obligation consultation.
	www.accessiblecomputing.com (124 words)

	Universally Accessible Computing at Calvin
		A significant percentage (roughly 40% in several categories) of Calvin faculty members are employing computer technology in an impressive variety of ways to enhance students' learning experience.
		Computers are valued primarily as presentation tools or out-of-class resources.
		There are no plans to add additional labs or computers (with the exception of a few machines already budgeted for current projects).
	www.calvin.edu /academic/engl/ks/uac/tree.htm (560 words)

	Accessible computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Disability Discrimination Act (1995) (DDA) required that IT services should be accessible to people with disabilities.
		However, educational services were exempted, pending additional legislation to deal specifically with the education sector.
		Note that one possible form of 'adjustment' is the provision of accessible equivalent alternatives.
	www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk /help/pnt/accessibility.html (170 words)

	TPG White Paper - X-Windows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A comment regarding GUI's and computing noted that, “GUI's are the Model T Fords of our industry: they’ve made computers accessible to everyone.” A powerful statement that unfortunately falls dramatically short of reality.
		The recent popularity of computer operating systems that employ a graphic or graphical user interface (e.g., GUI's) are particularly troubling to individuals who are blind, since GUI's require the use of eye-to-hand coordination to operate the mouse.
		Accessibility refers to the ability of people to use products and interfaces within their daily lives.
	www.paciellogroup.com /resources/whitepapers/WPX-Windows.htm (1749 words)

	ITD Journal
		Nils Peterson, a computing professional, arranged to have dinner with Steve Gilbert of EDUCOM, the professional association for postsecondary academic computing administrators, in spring of 1987.
		The mission of EUIT was "to provide national leadership for improving the quality and accessibility of education through uses of information technology." EUIT provided opportunities for "birds of a feather" to join in discussions and projects of current interest to postsecondary academic computing professionals.
		Accessible web design is critical for older people, since many have low vision or find it difficult to use a mouse.
	www.rit.edu /~easi/itd/itdv10n1/burgst.htm (4550 words)

	December 7, 1995-Vol27n14: Adaptive computing: making technology accessible to all
		The proliferation of cheap, powerful, easy-to-use computing technology has wrought such substantive changes in society that some observers compare our era with that of the Industrial Revolution.
		Generally, they'd set up labs devoted to computer access for students with disabilities, which meant that they were isolated.
		Following are descriptions of the accessibility software available at the eight accessible computing sites, resident on the 'campus backbone' LAN.
	www.buffalo.edu /reporter/vol27/vol27n14/f2.html (1609 words)

	Accessibility Resources
		A-Prompt (Accessibility Prompt) is a software tool designed to improve the usability of HTML documents by evaluating Web pages for accessibility barriers and then providing developers with a fast and easy way to make the necessary repairs.
		Accessibility is an integral part of usability, so I also tie in major usability resources and information.
		Our Accessibility Wizard simplifies the task of converting PowerPoint presentations, Word documents, and (in the future) Excel spreadsheets to accessible and vaild HTML 4.01 with CSS for styling through an easy-to-use user interface and automation of many of the details of conversion.
	www.hcibib.org /accessibility (5940 words)

	Making technology accessible by everyone, Part 1
		Her employee, the U.S. Federal government, has instituted laws that dictate that all PCs purchased for Federal government use must be accessible to people with disabilities.
		Today, instead of typing with her toes, my client could use voice for dictation into the computer, and give voice commands for activities such as opening, saving and printing files.
		Altruism isn't the only motivation for hardware and software companies to make their computing products accessible; they don't want to be locked out of the lucrative Federal government market.
	www.networkworld.com /newsletters/techexec/2002/01560859.html (1050 words)

	Increasing the Accessibility of Public Access Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The goal of this paper is to help libraries and other public access computing facilities develop, plan for, and/or expand the accessibility of their public access computers to patrons with disabilities.
		The librarians want to serve the public well and make sure that all users have access to and are comfortable with their computers, but many are not sure where to start, or have made unsuccessful attempts to increase accessibility of computer resources in their libraries.
		A small keyboard (similar to the size used on laptop computers) to assist those with limited hand motion, one-handed typists, and others who can benefit from reducing the distance to be covered on the standard keyboard (children often benefit from smaller keyboards as well).
	www.techsoup.org /howto/articles/access/page1225.cfm (5357 words)

	2005 Conference Proceedings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although much computing is now conducted in a distributed environment, the central computing services organization plays a key role in setting standards and supporting information technology on campus.
		However, advocates for accessible computing often report difficulties in getting the central computing organization to commit to the development and procurement of accessible technology.
		This panel is composed of administrators within postsecondary computing organizations will share information about the inner workings of such groups and tips for working with campus technology administrators.
	www.csun.edu /cod/conf/2005/proceedings/2394.htm (516 words)

	International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A) - Supporters
		Founded in 1947, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a major force in advancing the skills of information technology professionals and students worldwide.
		Today, their 75,000 members and the public turn to the ACM for the industry's leading Portal to Computing Literature, authoritative publications and pioneering conferences, providing leadership for the 21st century.
		The group's technical scope reflects the emerging symbiosis of portable computers and wireless networks, addressing the convergence of mobility, computing and information organization, its access, services, management, related technologies and mobile user services, alongside more 'classical' topics in wireless and mobile technology.
	w4a.man.ac.uk /2006/supporters.shtml (606 words)

	Creative Funding for Adaptive Computing Technology
		First, it is important to realize that most adaptations to standard computer systems for people with disabilities are quite inexpensive, generally under a hundred dollars.
		Providing matching funds for equipment can jump-start local computing centers with limited computing budgets into the world of accessible computing, and provide timely access for students who can't wait until the next fiscal year for instructional computing access for a required course sequence.
		Similarly, when the central support unit upgrades equipment, it can be given to a local computing center as seed equipment to help them begin their own adaptive computing support.
	www.dcp.ucla.edu /resources/publications/CFACT.htm (801 words)

	CSAIL Biography
		Robert M. Fano was Ford Professor of Engineering, in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology until his retirement in June, 1984.
		He organized MIT's Project MAC (now the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory) in 1963 and was its Director until September 1968.
		Professor Fano chaired the Centennial Study Committee of the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science whose report, "Lifelong Cooperative Education," was published in October, 1982.
	www.csail.mit.edu /biographies/PI/bioprint.php?PeopleID=14 (817 words)

	Sheryl Burgstahler's Expanded Vita
		Since 1984 have directed U.W.'s Accessible Technology Services, including the Access Technology Lab, to assure access to campus information technology for faculty, student, and staff with disabilities.
		As of 2001, Co-Direct the National Center on Accessible Information Technology in Education (AccessIT), funded by a $3,500,000 grant from the National Institute on Disability Research and Rehabilitation (NIDRR) of the U.S. Department of Education.
		Computing services for disabled students in institutions of higher education: The results of a national survey.
	staff.washington.edu /~sherylb/vita.html (4449 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Mitrionics Announces World's Fastest Programming Platform for FPGA-Based High Performance Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because Mitrionics has removed the barriers of high price, extreme complexity, and long development times, HPC is now accessible to entirely new markets and segments of scientists and developers.
		This is also the case when upgrading to new FPGA generations: with the Mitrion Software Development Kit, it is simply a matter of push-button re-compilation to take advantage of the features of the new FPGA.
		The Mitrionics technology makes high performance computing accessible to an entire new market of scientists and developers previously unable to benefit from HPC because of high prices, complex design skills needed, and extremely long development times.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=93107 (1162 words)

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