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Topic: Computer music

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	Computer music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Computer music is music generated or composed with the aid of computers.
		The field of computer music can trace its roots back to the origin of electronic music, and the very first experiments and innovations with electronic instruments at the turn of the 20th century.
		The world's first computer music was generated in Australia by programmer Geoff Hill on the CSIRAC computer which was designed and built by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computer_music (347 words)

	Music, Computer: Table of Contents \| Macmillan Computer Sciences: Software and Hardware
		The term "computer music" encompasses a wide range of compositional activities, from the generation of conventionally notated scores using data calculated by the computer, to the direct synthesis of sound in a digital form within the computer itself, ready for conversion into audio signals via digital-to-analog converter, amplifier, and loudspeaker.
		The advantage of digital-to-analog conversion is that the computer can be called upon to assemble the individual sounds into a composition so that the composer need only be concerned with the conception of the piece and the preparation of that conception for the computer.
		MUSIC XI was significant not only for these advances, but also for its direct approach to synthesis, thanks to improvements in the efficient use of memory space.
	www.bookrags.com /research/music-computer-csci-02 (957 words)

	HISTORY
		Music was developed by the different permutations of pitch and rhythmic values.
		This computer was used to compose popular tunes; the tunes were derived from random numerical data that was sieved, or mapped, into a preset tonal scheme.
		Music V variants include MUSIC360 and MUSIC11 for the IBM360 and the PDP11 computers, these were written by Barry Vercoe, Roger Hale, and Carl Howe at MIT, respectively.
	music.dartmouth.edu /~wowem/electronmedia/music/eamhistory.html (4763 words)

	computer music. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Computer music can be divided into two distinct production techniques: MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface—see electronic music) and software synthesis.
		Computers can also be used to compose music by a process known as algorithmic composition.
		Another area of computer music involves the interaction of humans and machines in live performance.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/computer-mus.html (359 words)

	MIDI and computer music
		In the early days of computer music the delays between the start of the calculation process and final audition of the results were often considerable, forcing composers to take a highly empirical approach to the composition process.
		Music in which electronic technology, now primarily computer-based, is used to access, generate, explore and configure sound materials, and in which loudspeakers are the prime medium of transmission.
		In live electronic music the technology is used to generate, transform or trigger sounds (or a combination of these) in the act of performance; this may include generating sound with voices and traditional instruments, electro-acoustic instruments, or other devices and controls linked to computer-based systems.
	www.kunstderfuge.com /theory/midi.htm (4512 words)

	UCI Music Department - COMPUTER MUSIC
		Computer music activity at UCI emphasizes composition and performance of experimental music, especially works involving computer-aided algorithmic composition and the use of electronics in live performance.
		A study of the influence of technology upon the musical culture and aesthetics of America in the 20th century, with particular emphasis on the role of the computer.
		He is vice president of the Electronic Music Foundation, a non-profit organization for the preservation and distribution of electronic music, and is the author of the technical documentation and tutorials for the Max programming environment and the MSP digital audio software by Cycling 74.
	music.arts.uci.edu /dobrian/UCIMusicDepartment/ComputerMusic.htm (1259 words)

	Experimental Music Studios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Electroacoustic music activities at the School of Music have earned the University of Illinois an international reputation as a leader in the field of contemporary art music.
		Known for significant creative and technical developments in electronic and computer music composition, the University of Illinois Experimental Music Studios were founded in 1958 by Lejaren Hiller and were the first of their kind in the western hemisphere.
		Scott Wyatt, composer and Professor of composition and theory, is the director of the Experimental Music Studios.
	ems.music.uiuc.edu (334 words)

	Computer Music Consulting
		One reader pointed out that computers have changed so quickly that some of the comments in the numbered articles (pertaining to CPU speeds and hard disk sizes) are out of date so they will soon be checked and updated.
		Computer Music Consulting (C.M.C.) has produced lots of great interactive music and sound effects for many of the best games and game publishers since the days of the PC XT, including the music for Aladdin for the Sega Genesis and more recently American Civil War and Destiny for Interactive Magic.
		MIDI Music and Sound Effects are still in the works as I continue to wrestle with new and intriguing formats that hold the promise of allowing sound and music to be heavily compressed while retaining a high sonic quality as well as offering some degree of protection from piracy and copyright theft.
	www.computer-music.com (2693 words)

	Computer Music bibliography
		Music and Connectionism provides a fresh approach to both fields, using techniques of connectionism and parallel distributed processing to look at a wide range of topics in music research, from pitch perception to chord fingering to composition.
		Music and Connectionism is based on a core of articles originally appearing as two special issues of the Computer Music Journal.
		Representations of Musical Signals is aimed at the expanding group of musicians, engineers, and scientists who are interested in innovative approache to digital audio and computer music.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/music/midi/bibliography (7208 words)

	Computer-generated music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Computer-generated music is music composed by, or with the extensive aid of, a computer.
		The world's first digital computer music was generated in Australia by programmer Geoff Hill on the CSIRAC computer which was designed and built by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard.
		Computers have also been used in an attempt to imitate the music of great composers of the past, such as Mozart.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computer-generated_music (1083 words)

	Computer Generated Music Composition
		Although the music currently provided may only be worthy of prototypes and is neither a substitute for a professional ``tune writer'' nor grand works of art, with further extensions, such performance may not be completely beyond its scope.
		However, because computers are not possessed of infinite memory, Sharle must avoid crashing after executing for extended periods of time (due to lack of memory).
		The computer is expected to learn from the user only in as much as what it can determine from the set of ``questions'' posed by the input parameters -- ``Do you prefer a 0 or a 127?'' It does not start from scratch the way, for example, a neural net might.
	brainop.media.mit.edu /online/net-music/net-instrument/Thesis.html (9257 words)

	Music
		Computer Music Journal (CMJ) is a quarterly Journal that covers a wide range of topics related to digital audio signal processing and electroacoustic music.
		The Computer Music Project at CMU is developing computer music and interactive performance technology to enhance human musical experience and creativity.
		The computer listens to the singer (using the microphone you see in the video), follows her performance in the score, and synchronizes its accompaniment to her vocal performance.
	www.aaai.org /AITopics/html/music.html (4225 words)

	Eric Kuehnl's Writing Page: A Brief History of Computer Music
		While extensions in musical language had flourished throughout the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th (Romanticism, Impressionism, Expressionism, chromaticism, atonality, serialism, and chance composition all being excellent examples) the development of new instruments seemed to come to a standstill.
		This music was entitled musique concrete, because the sounds were concrete, sonorous objects that could be plastically manipulated, and not "abstract." The West German Radio Corporation was the location of similar experiments at roughly the same time.
		"Although computer music was born in the 1950s, it was not until the mid-1970s that digital technology began to rival concrete techniques and voltage controlled synthesis in widespread usage.
	music.calarts.edu /~eric/cm.html (3821 words)

	Consortium to Distribute Computer Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The critically acclaimed CDCM Computer Music Series on Centaur Records continues with the production and release, 1988-2006, of thirty-five compact disc releases, Volumes 1-35, produced and distributed worldwide as a recorded repertoire of the best new computer music, maintaining the highest quality performance and recording standards.
		Volumes 1-35 are a recorded repertoire of the music that best represents the variety of artistic trends and technical developments emerging in the field of computer music today.
		The Bregman Electronic Music Studio, Dartmouth College; Center for Contemporary Music, Mills College; Center for Experimental Music and Intermedia, University of North Texas; Experimental Music Studios and Computer Music Project, University of Illinois; iEAR: Integrated Electronic Arts Integrated Electronic Arts, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; and Winham Laboratory, Princeton University.
	www.music.unt.edu /CDCM (309 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Computer Music Tutorial: Books: Curtis Roads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Computer Music Tutorial is a comprehensive text and reference that covers all aspects of computer music, including digital audio, synthesis techniques, signal processing, musical input devices, performance software, editing systems, algorithmic composition, MIDI, synthesizer architecture, system interconnection, and psychoacoustics.
		Curtis Roads has served as editor-in-chief of Computer Music Journal for more than a decade and is a recognized authority in the field.
		The Computer Music Tutorial was written in the early 80's, with some of the pictures (and examples) from the 60's and 70's.
	www.amazon.ca /Computer-Music-Tutorial-Curtis-Roads/dp/0262680823 (958 words)

	Harmony Central - Computer Music
		Computer Hardware/Accessories - Audio interfaces, complex MIDI setups, and related technology like USB and FireWire.
		Music Encoding Standards - News and information on notation file standards such as NIFF and the programs that make use of them.
		The Computer Music bibliography has many references for computer music topics, such as synthesis and DSP applications.
	www.harmony-central.com /Computer (1299 words)

	Introduction To Computer Music
		It is a Computer Science course, but most of the content is orthogonal to programming or traditional computer science.
		The things not emphasized tend to deal with music as "events" such as notes, phrases, and other structures, which can be analyzed, generated, and manipulated by computer.
		Most students will be able to do their work on their own personal computer, and there's little need for a big studio of special equipment as in the past.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~music/icm (1351 words)

	UCSD Graduate Computer Music Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Computer Music program encourages work that overlaps with the other programs of study: Composition, Critical Studies/Experimental Practices (CS/EP), and Performance.
		Analyzing and performing electronic music repertoire as well as writing new music involving electronics are encouraged.
		The first year Computer Music curriculum is centered on a year-long “backbone” course covering the essentials of the computer music field.
	music.ucsd.edu /grad/comp_music.html (222 words)

	Computer music concert
		For most concerts in the School the Music, the lights are usually on, but for the USC Computer Music Concert, “Current Beats,” Feb. 25, the lights will be out.
		“The music is challenging to the ear and the mind and, in some cases where it’s mixed media, the eye,” said Reg Bain, who teaches composition and theory and whose specialty is real-time interactive technology for music composition.
		“One works with the computer as a tool in the same way that composers in the past have worked with traditional instruments,” said Bain, who has directed computer music studies at USC for more than 10 years.
	www.sc.edu /usctimes/articles/2004-02/computer_music.html (588 words)

	Computer Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The story of how computers have been incorporated into the world of music is a fascinating juxtaposition of time honored tradition and technological innovation.
		The program is well suited to serve as an introduction to the field of computer music where it will prove useful in introductory electronic music and computer science courses at the college level and of great interest to students in middle through secondary level music classes.
		Interviews with innovators give students suggestions on how to get into the field of computer music and reveal some of the challenges that they may face to reach their goal (and how to overcome them).
	www.cyberlearn.com /compmus.htm (1396 words)

	Peabody Computer Music Department
		The Peabody Computer Music Consort is proud to present bassist Robert Black to the Peabody Community for a solo recital on Thursday February 27 (7:30 p.m.
		The Peabody Computer Music Department is happy to welcome Craig Sapp as a new member of the department.
		His dissertation work is on computational music harmony analysis, enabling computers to extract the underlying harmonic structure of Western music for applications in interactive computer music composition and simulated musical performance.
	pcm.sapp.org (646 words)

	Harmony Central®: Computers and Music: Research
		The Music Research DIgest is a mailing list concerning computers and their applications to music representation systems, information retrieval systems for musical scores, music printing, music analysis, musicology and ethnomusicology and tertiary music education.
		Computer Music Department of CNUCE/C.N.R. Institute of Sonology - At the Royal Conservatory in The Hague.
		Computer Music Group at the Laboratory of Integrated Systems - Their ftp site has some software packages for Silicon Graphics workstations.
	www.harmony-central.com /Computer/research.html (667 words)

	Seoul International Computer Music Festival [SICMF] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Seoul International Computer Music Festival (SICMF) held annually since 1993 is one of the biggest electro-acoustic music festivals in Asia, and also internationally well-known.
		Every year over 100 composers from various countries submit their works for the festival, and about 20 pieces among them are chosen and performed at the festival.
		Korean Electro-Acoustic Music Society is having The Seoul International Computer Music Festival 2006.
	www.computermusic.or.kr /main_en (316 words)

	Donald S. Griffin - Computer Music Consulting, a resource for Professional and Amatuer composers looking for ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Donald S. Griffin - Computer Music Consulting, a resource for Professional and Amatuer composers looking for information on the latest software, hardware and techniques as well as a range of articels on the subject from ranging from novice to expert.
		Email to dgriffin@computer-music.com is considered to be of a personal nature and neither the contents of those emails nor the email addresses themselves will be shared with anyone nor will they be used for advertising of any kind by Computer Music Consulting.
		Computer Music Consulting may eventually create a mailing list to inform visitors of updates to the site but it will only be sent to those who specifically request that they be added to this mailing list.
	www.computer-music.com /privacy_policy.htm (214 words)

	PC Music Guru - Enhancing the karma of computer music making at pc-music.com
		There are dizzying amounts of products, software, interfaces and boxes all dying to get aquainted with your computer that squats on, or under, your desk, noisily trembling with possibilities, completely unaware of the awesome musical power it harbours.
		I'm a guitarist and I moved from 4-track cassette to computer about 10 years ago, and it's the computers ability to work as a complete recording studio that makes it really interesting.
		If it's a computer music question then please try to read the website a bit first (no, really) - that's what it's here for - and then ask yourself "what do I want to do?".
	www.pc-music.com (841 words)

	COMPUTER MUSIC
		Computer music is an application of science, computer technology and electrical technology in which music, historically produced by acoustic wind, string, and percussion instruments, is synthesized electronically, orchestrated using computer software, and played through an audio reproduction system.
		It allows one to simulate the sounds and duplicate the orchestration of past musical compositions and performances.
		In addition new orchestrations are simply accomplished using computer softwarc, and the creation of new instrumental sounds and structures becomes possible.
	www.math.dartmouth.edu /~mqed/NLA/CompuMusic/CompuMusic.phtml (215 words)

	Computer Music
		To recap, the organisers asked developers to create a brand-new (and free) plug-in or application that would benefit "the community at large".
		Given that I'm part of Computer Music's 'blog chorus' I thought it was high time I posted.
		Part of Image-Line's FL Studio DAW, WaveShaper is a powerful distortion unit that enables you to draw in your own waveshapes and imbue your sounds with anything from subtle warmth to devastating filth....
	www.computermusic.co.uk (573 words)

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