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Topic: Concatenative programming language

	Program California College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Language oriented programming - Language oriented programming is a style of programming in which, rather than solving problems in general-purpose programming languages, the programmer creates one or more domain-specific programming languages for the problem first and solves the problem in those languages.
		Concatenative programming language - In concatenative programming languages, the concatenation of appropriate programs denotes the composition of the functions which the programs denote.
		In other words, one can directly copy the source of one program onto the end of another, and the result is always a well-formed program whose meaning is the output of one program being treated as the input to the other.
	www.futurekidsla.com /program.html (545 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The particular system by which data are organized in a program is the type system of the programming language; the design and study of type systems is known as
		With statically-typed languages, there usually are pre-defined types for individual pieces of data (such as numbers within a certain range, strings of letters, etc.), and programmatically named values can have only one fixed type, and allow only certain operations: numbers cannot change into names and vice versa.
		C# programming language, which is similar to Java, in 2001 to fight Java's popularity.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Programming_language.html.html (1384 words)

	Unimperative Documentation, Reference Manual and Tutorial
		Unimperative is a concatenative programming language inspired by the Joy programming language.
		A concatenative program is one which is made up of the concatenation of other programs.
		Programs in a concatenative language such as Unimperative or Joy can be a bit confusing at first because you can think about them in two separate yet equally valid ways.
	www.unimperative.com /doc.html (1159 words)

	Unimperative Reborn as a Concatenative Language
		Over a year ago I posted to my blog about the Unimperative programming language which was a Lisp/Scheme dialect and a subset of C++.
		A concatenative language is one where every function has a single argument (a stack) and returns a single value (a new stack).
		Concatenative languages are very easy to implement and optimize, so I am hoping to reuse Unimperative as a target for Heron.
	www.artima.com /weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=148118 (326 words)

	Forth (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Forth is a programming language and programming environment, initially developed by Charles H. Moore at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the early 1970s.
		Forth is a simple yet extensible language; its modularity and extensibility permit the writing of high-level programs such as CAD systems.
		Generally speaking, a Forth program is saved as the memory image of the compiled program with a single command (e.g., RUN) that is executed when the compiled version is loaded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forth_programming_language (3899 words)

	Concatenative programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In concatenative programming languages, the concatenation of appropriate programs denotes the composition of the functions which the programs denote.
		If Z is the concatenation of X and Y, then the value of Z is the composition of the values of X and Y. In this definition, there is no mention of the stack, and it is theoretically possible to have a concatenative language without a stack, but in practice, no such language exists.
		According to the definition of a concatenative language, the concatenation of the two, A B: must be a well formed program.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concatenative_programming_language (450 words)

	Programming language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Please refer to it for large rewrites.'' ---- A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication technique for expressing instructions to a computer.
		Most mainstream statically-typed languages, such as C, C++, Java, Delphi and C, require all types to be specified explicitly; advocates argue that this makes the program easier to understand, detractors object to the verbosity it produces.
		Microsoft presented the C programming language, bringing garbage collection, generic types, and introspection to a language that C++ programmers could learn easily, in 2001.
	programming-language.iqnaut.net (1641 words)

	Joy Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Joy is a purely functional programming language devised by ManfredVonThun.
		Whereas all other functional programming languages are based on the application of functions to arguments, Joy is based on the composition of functions.
		Concatenative means that you can cut code on any lexical boundary and both halves will still be legal programs.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?JoyLanguage (436 words)

	Exuberance - Red Stars
		Exuberance is a concatenative programming language derived mainly from Joy, with plenty of features stolen from XY.
		Exuberance is a concatenative language, in that it is based on the composition of functions.
		This is often described as "the rest of the program." It is useful for the implementation of new control structures.
	blitz.phpwebhosting.com /content/Exuberance (2643 words)

	Cat - A Compositional Programming Language
		Cat is a functional language in the most literal sense of the term: every single term in the language is a function.
		Cat is in fact an example of a pure compositional functional language, in that two consecutive terms imply the composition of those functions.
		Joy is a stack-based programming language designed by Manfred von Thum which was inspired by the Forth and FP programming languages.
	www.cat-language.com /manual.html (1965 words)

	RE: Joy and Concatenative Programming
		Programming in Joy is like programming with categorical combinators, but ignoring the types.
		Saying that Joy programs "lack variables" is pretty close to saying that its free variable environments are linearly ordered.
		So, though the ordering is really irrelevant, every Joy program must pick one, and that can be understood as non-declarative, since it has nothing to do with the result of the program.
	www.mail-archive.com /haskell-cafe@haskell.org/msg00907.html (228 words)

	www.cybermight.com programming - Programming languages
		Programming languages are not error tolerant; however, the burden of recognizing and using the special vocabulary is reduced by help messages generated by the programming language implementation.
		Later with lead of Bjorn Stroustrup programming language C++ appear starting from 1985 as the Object oriented language vertically compatible with C. Sun Microsystems developed Java in 1995 which became very popular as the initial programming language taught at universities.
		Microsoft presented the C# programming language, which is similar to Java, in 2001 to fight Java's popularity.
	www.cybermight.com /programming_languages.php (690 words)

	The KitchenSink Language
		Also it was in a language designer’s interests to tightly couple their language to the runtime since they could more easily attract programmers to the language if the runtime had lots of nice goodies.
		Worst of all, they force their students to learn these languages (which are not used in industry very much, limiting the student’s marketability) because they know that programmers (and people) are generally lazy.
		Concatenative Programming —This latest and greatest language feature as promoted in Forth, Onyx, Joy, and PostScript (creates some wonderfully cryptic programs) and you know how conciseness is next to godliness with math junkies.
	www.zedshaw.com /essays/kitchensink.html (2375 words)

	Functional Languages Programming Computers
		Defence Minister Announces New Official Languages PlanCCNMatthews (press release), Canada - Nov 29, 2006This new functional model takes into account, for example, that - unlike most of the public service - the CF manages personnel by unit and not by position.
		Mandarin Language Is Music To The BrainScience Daily (press release) - Dec 13, 2006Functional neuroimaging -- Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to...
		Has pure programs (no side effects) and impure (some use of side effects).
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Computers/Programming/Languages/Functional (857 words)

	PLNews: Programming Language News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Frink is a language which allows for units of measurement to be tracked throughout calculations to help ensure correct answers.
		This release includes a format function which allows for more complex expressions and intervals, interval arithmetic support for the two-argument arctan function, dynamic time predictions which take into account the leap second to be introduced at the end of 2005, and a correction to the historical value of the British noble coin.
		It is a language which allows for units of measurement to be tracked throughout calculations to help ensure correct answers.
	tacojuice.org /plnews/Languages/Miscellaneous/index.html?page=0 (568 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Functional (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Afnix Programming Language - A multi-threaded functional programming language with dynamic symbol bindings which provides a state of art runtime engine for 32- and 64-bit platform and a rich set of platform independent libraries, compatible with C++ runtime operations, automatic protection engine for shared objects.
		Q Equational Programming Language - An extensible functional programming language based on the term rewriting calculus.
		ICFP 2002 - The 2002 International Conference on Functional Programming covers the entire spectrum of functional programming, from practice to theory, and from established functional programming languages (Scheme, ML, Haskell) to novel language designs and to the functional aspects of object-oriented or concurrent languages.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages/Functional (770 words)

	Unimperative Programming Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Unimperative is a very small functional language, defined using a strict subset of ISO C++ syntax, making it compilable on any standards compliant C++ compiler.
		Lambda-the-Ultimate.org - a collaborative programming languages weblog, with an emphasis on functional programming languages
		concatenative - a discussion group for concatenative programming languages.
	www.unimperative.com (208 words)

	alt.lang.jre: Feeling Groovy
		Whereas the Java language has won over an entire generation of programmers with its commitment to exactitude and extensiveness, Groovy heralds a new era of programming on the Java platform, one defined by convenience, expedience, and agility.
		All of the languages introduced in the alt.lang.jre series are supported by the JRE and are believed by the authors to enhance the dynamic and flexible nature of the Java platform.
		Languages such as Perl, Python, Ruby, and now Groovy, take the art of programming to a new level of efficiency with their facile approaches to crafting code.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/java/library/j-alj08034.html (4096 words)

	Kont, a new language - quite interesting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Kont came out of an attempt to design a programming language in which every program was expressed in continuation-passing style.
		A concatenative language is a language in which programs are formed by the concatenation of smaller primitives, ala Forth.
		Kont is a language with two stacks, a data stack and a continuation stack.
	www.cincomsmalltalk.com /userblogs/mls/blogView?showComments=true&entry=3300470119 (252 words)

	Weblogs Forum - The Two Problems of the Joy Programming Language
		Joy is a concatenative language (like Forth and others), and because of that it uses postfix.
		A language that uses prefix (or infix for that matter) is inherently applicative.
		He might call it a compositional language, but the languages are actually equivalent.
	www.artima.com /forums/flat.jsp?forum=106&thread=147371 (1420 words)

	Pathological Programming: The Worlds Smallest Programming Language (reddit.com)
		What we need are programming languages that are easy to read, easy to test, and hard to make mistakes in, preferably without sacrificing speed and flexibility.
		The fact that it happens to also make a good programming language was coincidence - exactly the sort of lucky coincidence I was thinking about.
		This is incredibly stupid; you could argue that all programming languages have exactly two characters as well: 1 and 0.
	programming.reddit.com /info/hq5u/comments (1479 words)

	Factor, a stack programming language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Factor is a dynamically typed, stack-based programming language.
		Over time, the limitations of the Java virtual machine for hosting dynamically-typed languages became more and more apparent, and an effort to write a native Factor implementation with a minimal core in C was kicked off.
		The goal is to develop Factor into the most powerful stack-based programming language available, by writing non-trivial applications and looking for new ways to design stack code.
	factorcode.org (951 words)

	The Theory of Concatenative Combinators
		Essentially, "[i] dip i" is a program that runs the top two programs, in turn; the bottom one is run first with "[i] dip", and then the top is run with "i".
		In the concatenative theory, that would be analagous to a system based on, for example, the combinators {i, cons, dip, dup}, there being an absense of "zap".
		There is a small program available at http://tunes.org/~iepos/joys.zip which will search for the smallest constructions of a particular combinator, given a particular base.
	tunes.org /~iepos/joy.html (5963 words)

	MATLAB as a programming language
		The MATLAB programming language and IDE support an ad-hoc programming style where it is easy to turn the useful parts of an interactive session into a program.
		The MATLAB programming language and IDE make it easy to turn the useful parts of a REPL session into a program.
		MATLAB encourages an ad-hoc programming style where it is easy to turn a script (or part of a REPL session) into a function.
	staff.washington.edu /~jon/matlab-prog.html (2361 words)

	Smalltalk and my misinterpretations of life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Before you gasp that the program is as large as it is, keep in mind that the EXE header size is 512 bytes at its smallest.
		Most modern languages transport the code around using bytecodes and then JIT them at runtime (or load time) to make them fast on the machine you're using.
		Ignoring the sound advice that you should never build a language unless you have a problem to solve with it, I'm going to explain some of my thoughts behind what I'd want a new "Next generation after Smalltalk" language to do.
	www.cincomsmalltalk.com /userblogs/mls/blogView?searchCategory=programming (3536 words)

	The Caml Hump: Programming languages :: Interpreters
		McCarthy is a simple, first-order functional programming language.
		The interpreter of this language is also called McCarthy.
		It is not suitable for general purpose programming as it offers only an elementary subset of the features found in general purpose programming languages, but it can serve as a model of computation.
	caml.inria.fr /cgi-bin/hump.fr.cgi?sort=0&browse=128 (143 words)

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