
	Where results make sense

Topic: Concentration ratio

Related Topics

Market dominance strategies

Herfindahl index

Patronage concentration

Oligopoly

Market form

Monopoly

Market share

Contestable markets

Monopolistic competition

Perfect competition

Microeconomics

Monopsony

Supply and demand

Duopoly

Market economy

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Concentration ratio -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One commonly used concentration ratio is the four-firm concentration ratio, which consists of the (Click link for more info and facts about market share) market share, as a percentage, of the four largest firms in the industry.
		In general, the N-firm concentration ratio is the percentage of market output generated by the N largest firms in the industry.
		The concentration ratio has a fair amount of correlation to the (Click link for more info and facts about Herfindahl index) Herfindahl index, another indicator of firm size.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/concentration_ratio.htm (290 words)

	Credit & Financial Management Review: Managing concentration risk in receivables
		The concentration ratio has a venerable history as a measure of industrial and international trade concentration, and has been applied to bank loan portfolios.2In all cases, it indicates relative diversification, whether of competitors within an industry (i.e., monopoly), of trade with foreign countries, of bank loans, or here, of accounts receivable.
		The concentration ratio for this portfolio of receivables is calculated by weighting each individual dollar concentration by its importance to the portfolio, by its relative dollar value and then summing.
		The concentration ratio is 0.25 and the diversification quotient is 4.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3857/is_199804/ai_n8804069 (1364 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - concentration ratio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The amount of dissolved material in a solution is called the concentration and can be expressed in units, such as grams per liter or ounces per...
		concentration and the mole concept, chemical quantitative analysis, concentration and chemical reactions, concentration and freezing points,...
		A rate is a ratio that compares two different kinds of numbers, such as miles per hour or dollars per pound.
	encarta.msn.com /concentration+ratio.html (145 words)

	Business concentration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most popular operational measure is the concentration ratio, which records the share of industry size (usually sales, but sometimes employment or value added) accounted for by the k largest firms (where, usually, k = 3 or 4 or 5).
		The multitude of other concentration measures include the Hirschman-Herfindahl index, which is the sum of squared market shares of all firms in the industry, the Hannah-Kay index, a generalization of the former, and various statistical inequality measures borrowed from the study of personal income distribution.
		While there is general agreement that a respectable measure of concentration should be inversely related to the number of sellers and positively related to the magnitude of size inequalities, these criteria are satisfied by a large number of the alternative indexes, and there is no consensus on what is the ideal measure.
	pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th /~ckieatvi/Fathom_Bus_Con.htm (480 words)

	An Assessment of the Cord Blood:Maternal Blood Methylmercury Ratio: Implications for Risk Assessment
		A ratio of 1.0 is implicitly used in the model, but an uncertainty factor adjustment is applied to the central tendency estimate of dose to address variability in that estimate.
		Concentrations of Hg in individual blood components cannot readily be recombined in a manner that provides useful information on the variability in concentration in the whole blood.
		Based on examination of scatter plots of the ratios from each of the studies to either the maternal or cord blood Hg concentrations for the same studies, there was no obvious correlation across studies between the cord:maternal ratio and either of the blood concentrations.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/2003/6187/6187.html (5607 words)

	LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Concentration Ratios of Codeine-to-Morphine in Plasma after a Single Oral Dose (100 mg) of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was recently suggested that examining the concentration ratio of morphine-to-codeine in blood samples from impaired drivers might aid in interpreting results of opiate analysis, high ratios being associated with intake of heroin and low ratios speaking in favor of taking codeine medication (8).
		The median concentration of codeine at the maximum was 183 ng/g (range 114–326), being on the average 32 times higher (range 24–49) than the median peak concentration of morphine 5.9 ng/g (range 2.9–13.7).
		The median areas under the concentration time curves (trapezoidal method) were 772 ng/h ¥ g for codeine compared with 34 ng/h ¥ g for morphine, which gives a codeine-to-morphine ratio of 23:1.
	www.jatox.com /abstracts/2001/sept/486-jones.htm (1129 words)

	CHEST: Pleural fluid to serum bilirubin concentration ratio for the separation of transudates from exudates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Whether fluid accumulating in the pleural space is a transudate or an exudate is determined by the widely used criteria of the pleural fluid to serum LDH and protein concentration ratios.
		The correlation of a bilirubin concentration ratio of 0.6 or more with the presence of an exudate as determined by established criteria is statistically highly significant; and its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive accuracy, and overall accuracy in relation to etiology and LDH or protein criteria (Light's criteria) are about 90 percent.
		The statistical significance of the association of a bilirubin ratio of 0.6 or greater with an exudative fluid according to established etiology was estimated by applying the [X.sup.2] test with the Yates correction.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n1_v98/ai_13084527 (1100 words)

	Industrial Concentration, by Thomas W. Gilligan: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The most widely used measure of concentration is the so-called four-firm concentration ratio, which is the percentage of the industry's product sold by the four largest producers.
		Moreover, the implied effect of concentration on prices was found to be small: the average markup over long-run costs was only 1 to 5 percent higher in concentrated industries.
		Economists now understand that industrial concentration is unlikely to cause collusion and that concentration is a natural result of economies of scale and successful competition.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/IndustrialConcentration.html (1284 words)

	Postmortem drug redistribution--human cases related to results in experimental animals. Hilberg T, Rogde S, Morland J . ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The extremes noted were a postmortem femoral blood to antemortem serum drug concentration ratio of 0.9 in a case with nortriptyline and 49 in the case with chloroquine.
		The low ratio in the former case could be due to attempted resuscitation, while the high ratio in the latter case is probably due to the extremely high apparent volume of distribution and a high blood to plasma concentration ratio for chloroquine.
		The postmortem concentration changes observed for tetrahydrocannabinnol in man were found to be unpredictable, while in the accompanying experimental rat study there was a significant postmortem decrease in the tetrahydrocannabinol blood concentration measured in blood from the inferior vena cava.
	www.astm.org /jforensicsci/PAGES/2919.htm (457 words)

	The Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate.
		The same seems to have happened at ninety seconds at a concentration ratio of 30:20 (o.6M) If my experiments had been totally accurate my graph showing the average amount of gas given off at 140 seconds would be a straight line going diagonally down as shown on the graph.
		One at 120 seconds at the concentration ratio of 50:0 and one at 90 seconds at a concentration ratio of 30:20.
		Also there is quite a difference between the results for the concentration ratio 20:30 and 30:20 whether this is human error I'm not sure, because it has reoccurred twice it may be accurate.
	www.coursework.info /i/5512.html (720 words)

	Instrumental Analysis (CEM 333) Resource Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hence, the concentration ratio in the unknown is 10.0x(1.54/58.4)=0.264.
		The last step is to calculate the actual concentration of A from the amount of internal standard added to the unknown mixture and the concentration ratio in the unknown.
		The concentration of S in the unknown solution is therefore 0.0018 M and the concentration of unknown A is 0.0018x0.264=48 mM.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~cem333/InternalStandard.html (432 words)

	[No title]
		In all trials, the concentration of KCl in the high-concentration compartment was 0.1 M, and the concentration of KCl in the low-concentration compartment was 0 M. The electrodes and pump were calibrated, and a mathematical simulation of membrane dialysis was performed.
		The concentration on the y-axis corresponds to the high-concentration compartment.
		The concentration on the y-axis corresponds to the high-concentration compartment. Five membrane dialysis trials were performed investigating two parameters: the effect of variable compartmental volume ratio, and the effect of variable compartmental volume at a constant ratio (Table 1).
	www.seas.upenn.edu /courses/belab/LabProjects/2003/be309f03m3d.doc (1933 words)

	Calfed Evaporative Cooler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term, concentration ratio, is used to describe the ratio of the concentration of the blowdown water to that of the makeup water, or:
		Using Equations 2 and 7 it is possible to estimate the amount of blowdown and total water use needed to maintain a given concentration ratio for a constant evaporation rate.
		If the same system were operated at a concentration ratio of 6 the daily water requirement would drop to approximately 4100 gallons, and the annual use to 1.5 million gallons, for a savings of 1.3 million gallons.
	www.aquacraft.com /CALFED/coolers.htm (1059 words)

	Oligopoly Watch
		Two measures are commonly used by economists to judge the relative amount of concentration in any industry.
		The concentration ratio is expressed in the terms CR
		is the most typical concentration ratio for judging what kind of an oligopoly it is. A CR of over 50% is generally considered a tight oligopoly; CR between 25 and 50 is generally considered a loose oligopoly.
	www.oligopolywatch.com /2003/08/15.html (448 words)

	concentration.htm
		If you were to look on a bottle of a concentrated acid or base solution the concentration expressed as a weigh/weight percent.
		Molality is often used as the concentration unit involved in calculations dealing with colligative properties, such as freezing point depression, boiling point elevation and osmotic pressure.
		Suppose you are given a concentrated solution of HCl which is known to be 37.0% HCl and has a solution density of 1.19 g/mL.
	www.towson.edu /~ladon/concas.html (821 words)

	Industry Concentration
		The concentration of firms in an industry is of interest to economists, business strategists, and government agencies.
		Unlike the concentration ratio, the HHI will change if there is a shift in market share among the larger firms.
		Markets having an HHI greater than 1800 are considered to be highly concentrated; there would be serious anti-trust concerns over a proposed transaction that would increase the HHI by more than 100 or 200 points in a highly concentrated market.
	www.quickmba.com /econ/micro/indcon.shtml (591 words)

	Computerized Ion Association Model Profiles Complete Range of Cooling System Parameters, IWC-91
		In the case of the high sulfate water, the use of the ion association model to determine the maximum concentration ratio would increase the maximum from 6.5 to7.8 in comparison to the concentration ratio limit which would be imposed based upon the use of the traditional Langelier Saturation Index for the calculations.
		Table 3 compares the concentration ratio limit which would be calculated based upon the LSI with limits based upon ion association model calcite saturation level for four (4) waters.
		In systems where concentration ratio is limited by silica solubility, it is recommended that the concentration ratio limit be re-established seasonally based amorphous silica saturation level or whenever significant temperature changes occur.
	www.frenchcreeksoftware.com /iwc91.htm (3379 words)

	Weak Electrolytes: When Should We Solve the Quadratic Equation? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In particular, this rule is widely used for the calculation of concentrations of hydrogen ions for a weak acid and hydroxide ions for a weak base.
		In this article, a simpler criterion based on the ratio of the initial concentration of the weak acid to the acid dissociation constant has been developed to help students decide when to solve the quadratic equation.
		We have found that when this ratio, initial concentration/equilibrium constant, is equal to or greater than 400, the simplified equation will be satisfactory; otherwise, the original quadratic equation should be solved using the quadratic formula.
	chemeducator.org /bibs/0008005/850295yd.htm (219 words)

	Concentration Ratio Page
		"Concentration Ratios" indicate what percentage of the total business in a four digit SIC code is being done by the largest firms in the industry.
		The Manufacturing Census report is called "Concentration Ratios in Manufacturing" and is numbered MC(yr)-S-6 (where yr is last two digits of the census year).
		Note the Boat Dealer industry is far less concentrated than the other 2 industries examined earlier (top 4 firms only account for 3.9% of the business).
	www.rbbi.com /desks/mkt/census/concent.htm (420 words)

	Structural Alterations of Gene Complexes by Cystic Fibrosis Sputum -- SANDERS et al. 164 (3): 486 -- American Journal ...
		Above a concentration ratio of 1.6 the lipids in the outer double layer probably also start to rearrange themselves around the surface-bound linear DNA chains.
		The linear DNA:pDNA concentration ratios are 0.073 (lane 1), 0.48 (lane 2), 0.79 (lane 3), 1.3 (lane 4), 1.6 (lane 5), 2.9 (lane 6), 4.0 (lane 7), 7.9 (lane 8), 16 (lane 9), and 44 (lane 10).
		The DPPG:pDNA concentration ratios are 0.18 (lane 1), 0.45 (lane 2), 0.90 (lane 3), 1.8 (lane 4), 2.7 (lane 5), 5.5 (lane 6), 9.1 (lane 7), 15 (lane 8), and 18 (lane 9).
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/164/3/486 (6016 words)

	Interference of Diphenhydramine with the EMIT II Immunoassay for Propoxyphene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Its usefulness as an indicator of the clinical state depends on knowing the saliva/plasma concentration ratio for the drug studied, and this ratio has already been established for many drugs (1).
		Table I presents the concentration of methadone and EDDP found in the samples, the dose of methadone of each patient, the salivary pH, and the saliva/plasma ratio for both analytes.
		In addition, when we applied the device to real samples, the concentrations found were much lower than those obtained with the spitting method of collection, despite the mathematic correction, meaning that another factor may be influencing the results.
	www.jatox.com /abstracts/2000/jan-feb/70-lucas.htm (1388 words)

	Japan Industrial Concentration and Trade in Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The objectives of this paper are: (1) to examine the levels and changes in market concentration for a number of Japanese service sectors for the 1983-94 period, and (2) to empirically test and measure the effects of concentration and other industry-specific variables on domestic wages and on the international trade in services of Japan.
		The growth and determinants of concentration of different manufacturing industries in various countries have been tested extensively in the economic literature.
		The unweighted average concentration ratio for 1994 was 58, up three percentage points from the 1983 level.
	iaes.org /conferences/past/boston_46/prelim_program/l10-1/cortes.htm (473 words)

	Protein Binding Predictions in Infants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A model that incorporates the fraction unbound in adults and the ratio of the binding protein concentration between infants and adults successfully predicted the fraction unbound in infants and children.
		In pregnant adults, HSA concentrations are lower throughout the later stages of pregnancy and appear to rebound to nonpregnant adult levels by 1 month postpartum
		Effects of age on the serum concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and the binding of lidocaine in pediatric patients.
	www.aapsj.org /view.asp?art=ps040104 (3257 words)

	Respirators WAC 296-842 HT2
		Hazard ratio = Concentration in ppm (or mg/ M³)
		Estimated or measured concentration of the respiratory hazard during an 8-hour or a short-term exposure period, determined during your hazard evaluation
		Concentration units (ppm or mg/ M³) used in the formula for “Concentration”* and “PEL” must be the same.
	www.lni.wa.gov /WISHA/Rules/respirators/HTML/HT2.htm (750 words)

	Pleural fluid to serum bilirubin concentration ratio for the separation of transudates from exudates -- Meisel et al. ...
		Pleural fluid to serum bilirubin concentration ratio for the separation of transudates from exudates -- Meisel et al.
		Pleural fluid to serum bilirubin concentration ratio for the separation of transudates from exudates
		concentration ratio of 0.6 or more with the presence of an exudate as
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/abstract/98/1/141 (312 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Non-tracking solar concentrator with a high concentration ratio
		A nontracking solar concentrator with a high concentration ratio is provided.^The concentrator includes a plurality of energy absorbers which communicate with a main header by which absorbed heat is removed.^Undesired heat flow to those absorbers not being heated by radiant energy at a particular instant is impeded, improving the efficiency of the concentrator.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5384584 (137 words)

	Prediction of Milk/Plasma Concentration Ratio of Drugs -- Larsen et al. 37 (9): 1299 -- The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
		Prediction of Milk/Plasma Concentration Ratio of Drugs -- Larsen et al.
		significant correlation between the empiric m/p ratios and the
		to predict milk concentrations of drugs in humans.
	www.theannals.com /cgi/content/abstract/37/9/1299 (411 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)