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Topic: Concrete (philosophy)

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	Concrete (philosophy) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In philosophy, a concept is considered concrete if it is not abstract: it must be both particular and an individual, and hence occupy both space and time.
		Science generally deals with concrete objects; the laws of physics which apply to such things as planets and atoms don't apply to justice or mathematics.
		Concrete entities have mass and electric charge and other such physical features, but unlike abstractions they do not have a truth-value; a rock is not true or false, it is either existent or non-existent, and this state will depend upon circumstances such as place and time.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Concrete_(philosophy) (171 words)

	Concrete - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Concrete is most often constructed with the addition of steel bar or fiber reinforcement.
		Concrete can also be prestressed (reducing tensile stress) using steel cables, allowing for beams or slabs with a longer span than is practical with reinforced concrete.
		Here a concrete truck is feeding concrete to a concrete pumper, which is pumping it to where a slab is being poured.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concrete (1074 words)

	Ralph Dumain: "The Autodidact Project": Igor Naletov: "Alternatives to Positivism": Concreteness of Materialist ...
		The assertion of positivist philosophy that the concepts of matter and consciousness are metaphysical and can be replaced by more “concrete” notions of special sciences, such as physics, mechanics, biology, psychophysiology, neuropsychology and others results, in the final analysis, from its inability to understand the philosophical concreteness of the concepts of matter and consciousness.
		The logical principle of concrete identity, the identity of opposites was for Marx (and Hegel) the main logical criterion of concreteness in the approach to the objects and phenomena of the objective world.
		The concrete unity of the quantity and quality of a given object is known to be reflected in the dialectical category of measure which lays special emphasis on the concreteness of this unity.
	www.autodidactproject.org /other/naletov33.html (5998 words)

	NKRUMAH'S CONSCIENCISM AS PHILOSOPHICAL TEXT: MATTERS OF CONFUSION
		The concrete is not identical with the particular (an error of empiricism generally and pragmatism specifically) for the concrete is an ensemble of many determinations.
		The import of Nkrumah’s dialectical distinction and unity of particularity and the concrete is that it fosters the retention of universality.
		To speak of concreteness separate from abstraction is an instance of vulgar empiricism and, in turn, to talk of particularity apart from universality is ontologically speaking a matter of metaphysical exclusivism.
	www.africanphilosophy.com /issue3/mcclendon.html (13970 words)

	Admissions - Coastal Carolina University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Coastal's major in philosophy is designed to equip students with a historical knowledge of the issues, the ability to question and critique historical and contemporary approaches to the issues, and the intellectual confidence to develop defensible solutions to these perennial problems.
		What philosophy majors are trained to do is gather evidence, think clearly and carefully about the implications that might be derived from that evidence, and commit to a definite conclusion about what the best decision based on the evidence might be.
		Students who pursue a philosophy major concentration in the field of ethics are also equipped to compete for positions in the expanding fields of corporate ethics, environmental ethics, and medical and hospital ethics.
	www.coastal.edu /admissions/pages/philosophy.htm (819 words)

	What Philosophy Is, and How to Study It \| An Excerpt from Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand by Leonard Peikoff
		Philosophy is not a bauble of the intellect, but a power from which no man can abstain.
		The deepest issues of philosophy are the deepest root of men's thought (see chapter 4), their action (see chapter 12), their history (see the Epilogue) — and, therefore, of their triumphs, their disasters, their future.
		Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the universe as a whole.
	www.peikoff.com /opar/excerpt_ch1.htm (945 words)

	Philosophy Stories for Teachers: The Project
		The goal of the project is to increase the effectiveness of a first-year seminary course in Western philosophy by introducing scrupulously researched and carefully constructed stories that are optimized for conveying abstract philosophical ideas to the many concrete thinkers in seminary.
		Concrete thinkers, by contrast, have a stronger need for a learning environment in which an important abstraction can be introduced and mastered in stages, with due attention to its relevance for their lives and work.
		In fact, my experience teaching this course suggests otherwise: concrete thinkers have often been among the most enthusiastic members of this course, in part because they had never previously realized that abstract ideas were both exciting and intensely practical for life and ministry—that they could relate to abstractions.
	sws.bu.edu /wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/proj_ats97.htm (3023 words)

	The Dialectic of the Concrete (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Ascending from the abstract to the concrete is not a transition from one level (the sensory) to another (the rational); it is rather movement in thinking and the motion of thought.
		Social reality is not known as a concrete totality as long as man is intuited primarily or exclusively as an object in the framework of totality, and as long as the primary importance of man as the subject of mankind's objective-historical praxis remains unrecognized.
		The dialectical relationship of contradictions and totality, of contradictions within totality and the totality of contradictions, of the concreteness of a totality formed by contradictions and the lawful character of contradictions within totality, all this is one of the distinctions that set apart the materialist and the structuralist conceptions of totality.
	point-of-departure.org /Lust-For-Life/DialecticOfTheConcrete/DialecticOfTheConcrete.htm (13088 words)

	Thomistic Institute 1999: Baldner
		This stance of philosophy is not that of the so-called "separate" philosophy, that is, of a philosophy worked out in such a way as to reject the truth of Christian revelation.
		Philosophy would not have had this problem as a philosophical problem but for the faith, but once raised the problem can be solved (or not) without regard to the original theological source of the problem.
		The description of Christian philosophy -- as distinctly philosophical rather than theological, as a way of philosophizing rather than as a particular, concrete philosophy, and as philosophical developments that would not have taken place but for the influence of the faith -- is a description that the encyclical adopts and recommends to us.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/ti99/baldner.htm (6025 words)

	CHAPTER XII
		On the contrary, it focused on the concrete life of the subject as involved in human interaction based on the act of existence, and relating to other beings in the context of this world.
		Undoubtedly, philosophical anthropology is being progressively acknowledged in circles of "second reflexion," but concrete philosophy (Gabriel Marcel), even purified of all substantialist dualism, remains marked by the problem of soul and body because I am my body in the lived unity of my presence to others.
		Ethics, in effect, assumes a preponderant place in philosophy in the measure in which it becomes conscious of the urgency of redefining all in terms of a destiny which now has come to be shared universally.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series01/I-19/chapter_xii.htm (4350 words)

	Foam Concrete
		2) " Concrete" -- As to Foam Concrete
		To overcome this limitation, concrete is mostoften constructed with the addition of steel reinforcement bars (rebars), steel mesh,or cables, to produce reinforced concrete.
		Concrete can alsobe prestressed, allowing for beams or slabs with a longerspan than is practical with reinforced concrete.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/17733-foam-concrete.html (710 words)

	Logic & Existence - Jean Hyppolite(1952) - Athenaeum Library of Philosophy
		Logic is not concrete truth, that of the Idea in nature or in spirit, but the pure truth, the development of the concept in its actuality and of actuality in its concept, the life of the concept.
		Philosophy, however, is the highest-the only authentic-mode of grasping the absolute Idea, because its modality is the highest, the concept, the only one in which truth exists as truth.
		"Philosophy provides the conceived intellection of what the actuality of sensible being is," and it can do this because sense is sensible, is there in speech "in order not to be as soon as it is there." The Logic of essence corresponds to the transcendental analytic; it is the understanding of being.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /hyppolite.htm (6180 words)

	concrete -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Concrete is an artificial stone made from a mixture of water, sand, gravel, and a binder such as cement.
		Reinforcement allows for less concrete to be used because the steel carries all the tension; also, the concrete protects the steel from...
		Concrete dams are classified by their form: solid gravity, hollow gravity, or arch.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9025104 (734 words)

	African Concrete \| Structural Concrete Repair - Home
		Many concrete buildings and structures constructed over 20 years ago have deteriorated in the aggressive environment and the repairs to these structures require a specialised consultant and contractor - suitably qualified.
		African Concrete is the one of the major repair contractors in the Western Cape and highly regarded by Consultants and clients.
		It has always been a goal of African Concrete to be one of the first companies to get involved in the building up of the townships and to encourage fl business to develop.
	www.africanconcrete.co.za (190 words)

	Political Philosophy and the Unwritten Constitution
		It is a virtue of character and concrete obligations that generates social relationships and institutions of a certain type and quality.
		One of the dangers of philosophical abstractionism is that it discourages attention to the concrete texture of responsibility and distracts the individual from obligations that are near and personal.
		The object of criticism here is poor philosophy, the kind that attempts to separate itself from the world of particulars in which human beings actually dwell.
	www.nhinet.org /unwrit.htm (3818 words)

	RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SUBJECT IN VIEW OF CONTEMPORARY GLOBALIZATION - GHISLAINE FLORIVAL - PHILOSOPHICAL CHALLENGES AND ...
		Merleau-Ponty confirms this concept of meaning in its concrete living significance: the term "sens" connotes a plurality of meanings, such as the sensible, direction and signification by gesture and language, both symbolic and affective.
		The concrete chiasm (intersection or fusion of terms) which constitutes the "flesh" of the world is the place where every existent concretely achieves meaning.
		Philosophy then is called to action, that is to the elaboration of a prospective strategy which not only permits control of applied research, but responds to the problems raised by the new inventions which upset people in their being, nature and traditions.
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /florival.htm (4398 words)

	polylog / themes / focus / Raimon Panikkar: Religion, Philosophy and Culture
		But the Greek concept of philosophy, with all its variation and reforms, continues to be the paradigm according to which one proceeds to research what is philosophy in other cultures.
		In this sense, intercultural philosophy does not exist as does an idealistic philosophy (one which presents certain common traits), or a Catalan philosophy (without content that is necessarily common, but cultivated by the Catalans or in the Catalan language).
		Philosophy could he understood as the activity by which Man participates consciously and in a more or less critical manner, in the discovery of reality and orients himself within the latter.
	them.polylog.org /1/fpr-en.htm (5726 words)

	Marxism and Philosophy by Karl Korsch (1923)
		Similarly, the philosophy of this bourgeois society is unable to understand the nature of the general propositions in which the revolutionary movement of the proletariat has found its independent and self-conscious expression.
		It is a revolutionary philosophy whose task is to participate in the revolutionary struggles waged in all spheres of society against the whole of the existing order, by fighting in one specific area – philosophy.
		It was therefore possible for philosophy to become a less central component of the socio-historical process for Marx and Engels, in the course of their development of materialism, than it had seemed at the start.
	www.marxists.org /archive/korsch/1923/marxism-philosophy.htm (13380 words)

	philosophy
		A philosophy oversold outside a dismal interpretation, however, this frustrating councillor mounted according to that lunch.
		A philosophy sharply poured in favour of this hungry childhood.
		That philosophy grouped notwithstanding that placid restoration, however, a naive professor brought by means of a pattern.
	society-philosophy.safesources.com /philosophy.html (3050 words)

	Concrete - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Concrete is used to make sidewalks, building foundations, freeways, overpasses, parking structures, bases for gates/fences/poles, and cement in brick or block walls.
		To overcome this limitation, concrete is most often constructed with the addition of steel or fiber-reinforced plastic reinforcement.
		Concrete slump is determined by using a standard 12-inch high slump cone, into which concrete is placed for testing.
	www.grohol.com /wiki/Concrete (587 words)

	QA/QC Philosophy
		We determined that compressive strength test results from “good” concrete produced for bridge abutments (a design strength of 3000 pounds per square inch is specified for this type of work) averaged 4200 psi and produced a standard deviation of 650 psi.
		Our first statistically based asphalt concrete specifications were developed from data obtained during our initial studies of variability of gradation and asphalt content and of in place density tests using a nuclear density gauge.
		The cement concrete specifications allow for the reduction of the target cement factor for any given mix if the strength level and variability of strength is controlled; this can be a direct savings to a quality conscious producer.
	www.wvdot.com /10_contractors/10f4_philosophy.htm (2701 words)

	Making the Abstract Complete: Philosophy and the Computer
		These parents are the disciplines of philosophy and mathematics.
		The point that philosophy and mathematics share is that both devise and use abstract concepts to describe and understand the material world.
		The unlikely partners, philosophy and mathematics, are essential to a world that requires both open-ended questions and precise answers.
	www.apa.udel.edu /apa/archive/newsletters/v97n1/computers/concrete.asp (2118 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Logic and Formal Reasoning :: Iterating modalities in counterpart theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Those who do not care for philosophy, but engage in ordinary studies are like the suitors, who wanted Penelope, but slept with her handmaids.
		There are concrete objects and the universe is just the mereological sum of all of them.
		is it better to have a single general category 'concrete' which consists of more specific types of entities rather than to have two general categories 'concrete' and 'abstract' which consists of less specific types of entities.
	ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-1106-start-15.html (1785 words)

	Concrete Stamp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The most common form of concrete isportland cement concrete, which consists of mineral aggregate (generally gravel and sand), portland cement and water.
		To overcome this limitation, concrete is mostoften constructed with the addition of steel reinforcement bars (rebars), steel mesh,or cables, to produce reinforced concrete.
		Concrete can alsobe prestressed, allowing for beams or slabs with a longerspan than is practical with reinforced concrete.
	www.witchware.com /File/30613-Concrete.Stamp.Html (396 words)

	1997 July A Schmitz
		The present shift to the concrete is already signaled by the recognition of the primacy of judgment in the metaphysics of St. Thomas.
		And it is this paradox of utter comprehensiveness and radical inner presence that calls for an epistemology and a metaphysics that attends to the concrete singular and its tensions.
		This is precisely the transition from the empirical to the concrete.
	www.thomist.org /journal/1997/973ASchm.htm (11868 words)

	Gabriel (-Honoré) Marcel (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		After passing his agrégation in 1910, he taught philosophy intermittently in Sens, Paris, and Montpellier; however, his main professional occupations were that of drama critic (for Europe nouvelle and later for Nouvelles littéraires) and editor (for the Feux croisés series at Plon).
		As such, his philosophy should be of interest to scholars interested in the work of Martin Heidegger, Jean-Luc Marion, Merold Westphal and others philosophizing at the intersection of philosophy and theology.
		The resources of Marcel's philosophy have only begun to be tapped, and one may hope that the recent republication of what are arguably Marcel's two most important works, The Mystery of Being (by St. Augustine's Press) and Creative Fidelity (by Fordham University Press), will help to fuel a renaissance in scholarship concerning this remarkable thinker.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/marcel (8242 words)

	Philosophical Dictionary: Concrete (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The concrete is usually opposed to the abstract.
		Incidentally, it is misleading to insist that the concrete is 'given in experience', since so is the abstract, but it generally makes sense to say that what is given by the senses is concrete and particular.
		ition of abstract vs. concrete seems to be a fairly late - 18th or early 19th Century - distinction.
	www.maartensz.org /philosophy/Dictionary/C/Concrete.htm (75 words)

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