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	Concrete poetry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Concrete poetry is poetry in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the conventional elements of the poem, such as meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on.
		concrete poetry begins by assuming a total responsibility before language: accepting the premise of the historical idiom as the indispensable nucleus of communication, it refuses to absorb words as mere indifferent vehicles, without life, without personality without history - taboo-tombs in which convention insists on burying the idea.
		Concrete poetry, however, is a more self-conscious form than these predecessors, using typography in part to comment on the fundamental instability of language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concrete_poetry (471 words)

	[New-Poetry] Resource (concrete/visual) free verse v. vis-po
		Concrete poetry, as a form, ought to always be available to the poet, should the spirit move him.
		Concrete poetry is first of all a revolt against this transparency of the word.
		In this sense, "concrete poetry" (and "pattern" and "shaped") would be synonymous with "visual poetry." When considering the history of "concrete poetry" (which is to say, of its forerunners, all which are by degrees approximations) it is most fruitful to take into account all the various names by which it has been called.
	wiz.cath.vt.edu /pipermail/new-poetry/2005-May/002964.html (2120 words)

	Concrete Poetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The term concrete poetry was coined simultaneously in the early fifties by Eugen Gomringer in Switzerland and Öyvind Fahlström in Sweden [1].
		At the same time as Gomringer was developing poetry emphasizing the visual aspects of words, a group of three poets in Brazil, Haroldo de Campos, Augusto de Campos and Décio Pignatari formed the group Noigandres [9].
		Concrete poetry had been developed independently a few years earlier, by Swedish artist Öyvind Fahlström who wrote a Manifesto for Concrete Poetry in 1953 [11] to describe a poetry which intended to use words much as a painter would use representational forms.
	cotati.sjsu.edu /spoetry/ng1.html (325 words)

	U B U W E B :: Concrete Poetry -- A World View : Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A conference on concrete poetry was held at the Clube Mánes in Prague with slide projection of the poems.
		Stuttgart has become a more permanent center for concrete poetry in Germany due to the efforts of Max Bense, professor of science and philosophy at the Technische Hochschule, and Hansjörg Mayer, the leading poet-typographer of the international movement, formerly a pupil of Bense.
		Concrete poets and publications have followed Mayer's lead to the extent that lower case sans serif alphabets of type faces resembling the construction of Futura have become almost a trademark of concrete typographical style.
	ubu.clc.wvu.edu /papers/solt/germany.html (2494 words)

	experimental poetry today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Experimental poetry can be intriguing and pleasing, but it is not poetry as commonly understood by the term, and has therefore to be judged on different grounds, most commonly those of the visual arts, which it increasingly resembles.
		Experimental poetry is not easily categorized, but some forms do conform to the aims of Postmodernism, as will be seen most readily in concrete poetry.
		Concrete poetry is one in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on.
	www.textetc.com /aspects/a-experimental-poetry.html (2300 words)

	CONCRETE POETRY: A WORLD VIEW
		This reduced form has evolved from the very uses of language in the world of advertising and mass media that are conventionally considered to be contributing to the death of poetry.
		The editor has selected over one hundred thirty concrete poems and texts, many of them in color, giving the reader a widely representative selection of the work being done by concrete poets throughout the world.
		A section of manifestoes and statements on concrete poetry by Eugen Gomringer, the Noigandres group, Oyvind Fahlstrom, Max Bense, Pierre Garnier, Henri Chopin, Paul de Vree, Ian Hamilton Finlay and Jonathan Williams makes the volume an indispensable source book for the international movement of concrete poetry.
	web.whittier.edu /barnstone/CONCRETEPOETRY.HTM (267 words)

	U B U W E B :: Concrete Poetry -- A World View : Switzerland
		Gomringer chose the name "constellations" rather than "concrete poetry" for his new kind of poem because he was thinking in terms of clusters of words coming together in response to a particular creative impulse.
		since our Concrete Poetry should actually be a genuine constituent of contemporary literature and contemporary thought, it is important that it should not become merely playful, that the element of play which we advocate, should not result in a facetious kind of poetry.
		Gomringer's vision of a universal poetry appears to be becoming increasingly a reality even though in most instances the concrete poets are not well-known in their own countries.
	ubu.clc.wvu.edu /papers/solt/switzerland.html (1856 words)

	basic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Concrete poetry is written almost entirely for visual effect.
		It can be difficult to create concrete poetry that is very significant, but the techniques can be used in other kinds of poetry to create interesting effects and emphasize pauses -- among other things.
		It is a fine example of a concrete poem that is very sopisticated in its visual layout.
	olc.spsd.sk.ca /de/cw20web/poetry/concrete.htm (159 words)

	The Academy of American Poets - A Brief Guide to Concrete Poetry
		In essence, works of concrete poetry are as much pieces of visual art made with words as they are poems.
		Were one to hear a piece of concrete poetry read aloud, a substantial amount of its effect would be lost.
		As the movement spread across the continents, reaching the height of its popularity in the 1960s, concrete poetry became less abstract and was adopted by many conventional poets as a specific poetic form rather than a combination of literature and visual art.
	www.poets.org /viewmedia.php/prmMID/5649 (332 words)

	minimalist concrete poetry
		But the makers of the new poetry in the early fifties were not antiquarians, nor were they specifically seeking the intermedium between poetry and painting, the apparent goal fo so many of their followers.
		The visual element in their poetry tended to be structural, a consequence of the poem, a "picture" of the lines of force of the work itself, and not merely textural.
		It was a poetry far beyond paraphrase, a poetry of direct presentation--the word, not words, words, words or expressionistic squiggles--using the semantic, visual and phonetic elements of the past.
	www.logolalia.com /minimalistconcretepoetry (3711 words)

	Concrete Poetry
		Concrete poetry is also known as visual poetry.
		Concrete poetry is very concerned with how the words are organized on the page.
		When looking at concrete poetry the white space, or the places on the page without any words, are equally important to the words on the page.
	www.babinlearn.com /concrete_poetry.htm (229 words)

	Roberto Simanowski: Concrete Poetry in Digital Media
		It is concrete in its vividness in contrast to the abstraction of a term.
		While concrete poetry in print combines linguistic and graphic qualities of letters, in digital media time and interaction are two additional ways of expression.
		Concrete poetry has been accused of being an autistic language and therefore of being incapable of having an impact on the reader’s consciousness.
	www.brown.edu /Research/dichtung-digital/2004/3/simanowski/index.htm (4820 words)

	Shadow Poetry -- Resources -- Don J's Bestbook Poetry Guide Articles -- Forms of Poetry
		The most random poetry created by the human mind is stream-of-consciousness poetry in which the poet writes words, and allows free-association in the mind to suggest other words or thoughts.
		If you are experimenting with found poetry or free association or computer generated poetry, spend time writing many examples in different environments to develop skills with the forms.
		It is a poetry in which the form is visible in a way that is much more unavoidable than in other forms.
	www.shadowpoetry.com /resources/bestbook/chapter4.html (1400 words)

	ArtandCulture Movement: Concrete Poetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Concrete poetry is a visual poetry in which each poem defines its own form and is structurally unique (usually abstract), so that it does not allude to any previously existing poem.
		In 1955, Swiss poet Eugen Gomringer, inspired by Concrete sculptor/painter Max Bill for whom he was a secretary, based his visual verse on early experiments in visual poetry carried out by the likes of Guillaume Apollinaire, Lewis Carroll, and Ezra Pound.
		For Concrete poets, the physical arrangement of words on the page brought meaning and life to the content, as a painter uses form and shape to recreate life.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/movement?id=551 (497 words)

	Concrete Poetry :: Beginners Refference
		In the early 1950's it had become evident that there was a need for change in the world of poetry and literature.
		It was after the literary conference at Sigtuna in 1953 that Swedish poet Öyvind Fahlström and Swiss poet Eugen Gomringer independently associated the word concrete with an ancient type of poetry in an attempt to revive the genre.
		When Fahlström and Gromringer presented and coined the name Concrete Poetry for a unique genre of literature they proposed that clear, solid meaning could be given to language.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~rasekh/engl/history.shtml (300 words)

	Concrete poetry - Word art
		Although CONCRETE POETRY is listed as a contemporary genre, it has been around for over 80 years and is closely associated to Visual Poetry.
		The concrete poet consciously "brackets out" the symbolic forms of the words (UNREADING them as it were) and looks rather at the shapes and patterns that word and letter structures make in themselves — the CONCRETE aspect as opposed to the ABSTRACT.
		Where my work differs perhaps from other concrete poets is that I tend to focus more on individual words than the strings of words more commonly associated with poetry.
	www.thewordproject.com /wordart.htm (787 words)

	Mail Art Pathfinder : Visual and Concrete Poetry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Poetry and presentation should be a synergistic unified whole.
		In concrete poetry the words or letters of the poem are arranged to form images that add meaning to the text.
		It is the avant-garde intermedium between poetry and painting in the U.S., with an international and multicultural scope.
	www.infomuse.net /kristina/courses/605pathfinder/Poetry.shtml (269 words)

	poems that GO
		In it, he described a poetry in which the words were used in the way a painter would use representational forms.
		In 1959, the first international show of concrete poetry was held in Stuttgart, Germany and by the early 1960's, exhibitions of concrete poetry were widespread in Europe, Japan and the United States.
		And although the term "concrete poetry" is now a blanket term for the many forms of visual poetry, it lived on through artists such as Steve McCaffery, Emmett Williams, and bpNichol.
	www.poemsthatgo.com /gallery/winter2004/print_article.htm (633 words)

	GreatConcretePoetryDebate Brad Burg - poems and songs
		The name "concrete poetry," according to most sources, was created in the 1950's.
		To understand its use in the context of poetry really requires a comprehension of "abstract vs. concrete;" that's an opposition which is itself abstract, unfamiliar to most kids, and not easily understandable, either.
		Moreover, letting kids use a name that they probably can't quite grasp tends to make words seem slightly opaque; sometimes that's necessary (and kids can "grow into" a concept), but when there are clearer and simpler alternatives available, to use a more complex term is to impose confusion arbitrarily.
	www.bradburg.com /GreatConcretePoetryDebate.html (423 words)

	Is It A Book? \| Bibliography \| Concrete & Visual Poetry, Calligrams\|
		An anthology of concrete poetry, compiled by Emmett Williams.
		"Concrete" poetry from East and West Germany : the language of exemplarism and experimentalism.
		Concrete poetry : an annotated international bibliography, with an index of poets and poems.
	www.philobiblon.com /isitabook/bibconcrete.html (527 words)

	Perihelion
		The concrete poetry movement of the 1950s and 1960s had its roots both in Surrealism and Dada and prior to that in the writings of the French symbolists, especially Apollinaire.
		Discontinuous space computer poetry is where the static presentation of the three-dimensional space of a poem is broken down into different spaces that may or may not overlap in space or time.
		In common with the great concrete poets of the 1950s and 1960s, computer poetry is composed more for the eye than the ear.
	www.heelstone.com /wherewewere/p-theory.htm (1310 words)

	Poetry Form - The Concrete Poem
		In the 1950's poets in Switzerland and Sweden and Brazil started, independently, to develop "Concrete Poetry" (partly as an adaptation of "concrete painting", a minor European school of the 1940's).
		While such poetry is predominantly experienced as visual poetry, some concrete poetry is sound poetry.
		In general, concrete poetry attempts to give its audience the more immediate experience of art that is achieved by viewers of art or hearers of music.
	www.baymoon.com /~ariadne/form/concrete.htm (647 words)

	Patchwork Poems and Shaped Poetics (Concrete Poetry)
		The term Concrete Poetry was coined simultaneously in Switzerland, Sweden, and Brazil and an interchange among poets in 1956 established a universal adoption of that terminology.
		Much of Concrete Poetry constructed from the 1950s on consists of enigmatic designs that resemble modernistic paintings more than they do any understandable assemblage of words.
		Though most books about poetry forms still tend to refer to either Concrete Poetry or Shaped Poems, the broader Shaped Poetics most clearly encompasses the concept that the creations be either poems or lucid statements.
	www.delamar.org /gtwerdtrix.htm (648 words)

	Re:This&That
		Concrete poetry can point to ideas, true or false, that might embrace non-linear and non-analytical views about the world.
		Even with a more limited palette for communication, it can also express paradox, non-sequiturs, irrationality, puzzling examples, and meaninglessness in creative arrangements of words and letters; but, as with conventional poetry, which has a more powerful and varied range, concrete poems may also raise the bar of clear and robust communication.
		Visual poetry, on the other hand, offers methods of combining text with visual images (e.g., photographs, charts, color, drawings, electronic and print graphics, painting, collage, typographical arts, etc.).
	radio.weblogs.com /0117238/categories/concreteVisualPoetry (790 words)

	Amazon.com: Meow Ruff: A Story in Concrete Poetry: Books: Joyce Sidman,Michelle Berg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A novel entree to concrete poetry for children not ready for Paul Janeczko's fine A Poke in the I (2001), offering a glimpse of the world as a poet sees it: in images cloaked in words.
		Finding poetry that breaks free of the monotony of rhyming couplets or Seuss rip-offs is hard to do, so I feel obligated to highlight anything that holds up to repeated scrutiny.
		Few poetry books are quite like this multi-layered story about a cat and a dog making friends during a rain shower.
	www.amazon.com /Meow-Ruff-Story-Concrete-Poetry/dp/0618448942 (1292 words)

	30 Days of Poetry-Day 1
		Concrete Poetry is the use of words and their physical formation to convey meaning.
		This may be done with color, the shape of the letters, and/or the arrangement of words.
		To view various forms of concrete poetrty on the Internet, click on the words in bold lettering in this sentence.
	www.msrogers.com /English2/poetry/30_days_of_poetryday_1.htm (195 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Date: Mon, 6 Jan 1997 22:37:14 -0800 (PST) From: StreetWrites Subject: {poetry} SETUP: "Concrete Poetry" This is the first - but only in the sense that I've written it first - advanced exercise.
		"Concrete poetry" refers to poetry where the text itself forms a visible picture on the page.
		This has become a popular device with the growth of visual mediums, from television to the World Wide Web, but poets have been using it since words started being put on paper.
	www.mit.edu /~mbarker/poetry/concrete.txt (472 words)

	Concrete poetry Architectural Review, The - Find Articles
		This narrowing of focus is illustrated at the outset by the uncredited use of Brassai's portrait of the artist at work, cut in half: so the stack of books remains, while paintings, sculpture and the objets trouves on the mantelpiece are cropped out.
		Corbusier's Concrete edited by Kiran Joshi, at first sight a rather dull and tedious record of a seminar on conserving Le Corbusier's buildings held at Chandigarh three years ago, proves far more important, as well as a source of invaluable technical advice.
		Sadly, a substantial portion of this concrete turned out to have an even shorter lifespan.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3575/is_1302_218/ai_n16068977 (571 words)

	Poetry
		The concrete poems and visuals were selected and designed specifically for this participation video.
		The four concrete poems by on this DVD are: Hollow Dog; Emily Dashing; Youth and Age and the puncturation from Duchamp’s
		Hollow Dog is a poem that I assembled, in 1995, from the punctuation and the words that started with the letter h and d, from an essay written by artist Rosamond W. Purcell.
	www.art-poetry.info /id3.html (706 words)

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