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	Concrete ship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most famous of this sort of ship is the small fleet constructed by the United States Navy at the end of World War I.
		The oldest known ferro-cement ship was a dingy built by Joseph Louis Lambot in Southern France in the year 1848.
		One of these ships, the Violette, was built in 1917 and is currently used as a boating clubhouse on the River Medway in England.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concrete_ship (701 words)

	The UnMuseum - "Floating Tombstones"
		Concrete, a mixture of sand and gravel bonded together with a cement to form a solid, heavy mass similar to stone, seems an unlikely substance to be used in ship construction.
		Ship builders took the idea a Norwegian inventor had patented a few years before in 1912 to use concrete instead of steel for the ship's hull.
		The concrete ships that were built followed the design of steel ships of that era, but required much thicker hulls to get the same amount of strength that the steel gave.
	www.unmuseum.org /concrete.htm (688 words)

	Ship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One can measure ships in terms of overall length, length of the waterline, beam (breadth), depth (distance between the crown of the weather deck and the top of the keelson), draft (distance between the highest waterline and the bottom of the ship) and tonnage.
		Before mechanisation, merchant ships always used sail, but as long as naval warfare depended on ships closing to ram or to fight hand-to-hand, galleys dominated in marine conflicts because of their maneuverability and speed.
		A few ships have used nuclear reactors, but this is not a separate form of propulsion; the reactor heats steam to drive the turbines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ship (3606 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		She was one of several concrete ships conceived and designed during World War I, but was not completed until after the war.
		Concrete was proposed as a viable alternative material for use in ship building.
		The hull of reinforced concrete was 5" thick at the bottom, tapering to 4" on the sides.
	www.cavediver.com /texas-flyer/bolivar/selma.htm (483 words)

	Powell River's Giant Hulks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		She was used as a store ship in the South Pacific and had to be towed back to the United States after losing her propeller.
		The ships were towed from base to base in the South Pacific, loading and unloading cargo to faster ships.
		Concrete bottoms were particularly well suited for carrying dry cargo as the condensation problems that plagued steel ships did not occur.
	www.discoverpowellriver.com /visitors/gianthulks.html (1331 words)

	Journal of San Diego History
		He was convinced that a 5,000-ton concrete freighter could be operated at a profit and on 3 September 1917 he solicited contractual support from USSB to build "five reinforced concrete steamers" and was assured of nominal support on 22 October.
		The concrete tanker hull was built by correctly combining wooden molds (forms) with steel rod reinforcement of a newly devised concrete.
		In order to meet the outcry of ship owners and shipbuilders, a condition of sale of the few concrete vessels slated for bid was that their machinery be removed and not replaced by future owners.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /journal/95spring/shipbuilding.htm (7289 words)

	Ship
		A ship is a large, sea-going watercraft, sometimes with multiple decks.
		Most ships built since around 1960 have used diesel power or motors; one exception, Queen Elizabeth 2 of 1968, started with steam turbines but subsequently converted to diesel as a cost-saving measure.
		In the past, people counting or grouping disparate types of ship may refer to the individual vessels as bottoms.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/sh/ship.html (2495 words)

	Ship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		During the age of sail, ship signified a ship-rigged vessel, that is, one with three square-rigged masts and a bowsprit.
		Windlass - hydraulic winch mechanism used to raise and lower the ship's cable, and to heave in on hawsers.
		A few ships have used nuclear reactors, but this form of propulsion has caused concerns about safety and has only become common in large aircraft carriers and in submarines, where the ability to run submerged for long periods has obvious benefits.
	www.freedownloadsoft.com /info/ship.html (1383 words)

	Selma-concrete Ship in Galveston Bay-Historic Landmark
		Feasibility studies by marine engineers indicated that a reinforced concrete ship would be practical if the concrete had a compressive strength of 5000 psi and weighted no more than 110 lb\ft..
		The hull of reinforced expanded shale lightweight concrete was 5" thick at the bottom, tapering to 4" on the sides.
		To obtain proper placement of concrete in the thin hull and throughout the heavy mats of reinforcing steel the concrete mixture was quite fluid.
	www.crystalbeach.com /selma.htm (817 words)

	Redy-Mixt Konkrete - ready mixed concrete producer
		Concrete, produced at a rate of five billion cubic yards per year, is the second most widely consumed substance on Earth, after water.
		Concrete is however, a favored material of many talented architects and engineers who value its versatility, its strength, and its almost unlimited potential as a medium for imaginative forms and surfaces.
		According to the American Concrete Association's, Pavement Progress report, Concrete is a heterogeneous system of solid, discrete, gradiently inorganic mineral aggregates, usually plutonic or sedimentary-calcareous in origin, embedded in a matrix compound of synthesized polybasic alkaline and alkaloidal silicates held in an aqueous solution and coprecipitate dispersion with other amphoteric oxides.
	www.woodburycement.com /rmkk.htm (1584 words)

	THE CONCRETE SHIP "ATLANTUS" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		An emergency fleet of 38 concrete ships were planned, by the United States Shipping Board.
		The "Atlantus" was the second prototype, a 3,000 ton 250 foot long freighter, built with a 5 inch thick hull of special concrete aggregate, to correct shattering and brittleness problems found in the first concrete ship.
		The "Concrete Fleet" was de-commissioned, and the "Atlantus' was sent to the "Bone Yard" at "Pigs Point", in Norfolk, Virginia in September of 1920.
	www.capenet.com /capemay/concrete.html (375 words)

	Concrete Saws and Diamond Blades - Tool Avenue
		Partner is the world leader in hand-held concrete saws.
		The flow of water is regulated with a valve on the front handle.
		Target, the most used brand in concrete saws,* has a complete line of saws ranging from 4 - 83 horsepower in various models with features to fit your specific job.
	www.toolavenue.com /concrete_saws.htm (494 words)

	Edward N. Hurley. The Bridge to France. 1927. Chapters VII-IX.
		The "composite" ship was a wood vessel in which a certain amount of structural steel was incorporated to stiffen the hull.
		The ship production of the world, outside of Germany and her Allies, was only 1,688,000 tons in 1916, and at this rate only about one-fourth of the losses were being replaced.
		In the end, Hog Island turned out ships efficiently, and with a rapidity never achieved before; and these ships were classed not only as among the best produced but also as those which demonstrated their soundness, economy and efficiency in practical operation, on the seven seas.
	www.gwpda.org /wwi-www/Hurley/bridge2.htm (12846 words)

	Team UAH - ASCE Concrete Canoe Team at the University of Alabama in Huntsville - 1848 Records
		According to www.ferroboats.com, "the earliest photographic evidence that we have of 'ferro-cement boats' are of the two dinghies built by Joseph Louis Lambot in 1848, in Miraval, Southern France." According to www.concreteships.org, the boat was featured in the 1855 World's Fair in France.
		Although the end of WWII marked the end of large-scale concrete ship building, to this day, smaller recreational boats are still being made from concrete.
		Concrete was also used to build barges during World War II to replace scarce steel supplies.
	www.uah.edu /student_life/organizations/ASCE/FortheRecord/1848record.htm (776 words)

	Concrete Ships
		Concrete Ships on the History Channel: The TV show Weird US will be featuring a segment on the history of concrete ships.
		A sign by the edge of the road says that it is the remains of the S.S. Atlantus, one of twelve experimental ships built of concrete during the First World War, but "proven impractical because of weight."
		I also learned that the concrete ship experiment was not quite the failure that the sign implied - another fleet was built during World War II.
	www.concreteships.org (184 words)

	Concrete Ship at Guam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		These ships were given the type classification of IX which is "miscellaneous auxilary" or any otherwise unclassified ship type from yachts to memorials.
		If she is a concrete ship used as a sea break, the task is easier, see concrete ship
		In addition to serving as station stores ship issuing supplies to various units of the fleet, she also provided berthing spaces for transient sailors.
	www.ww2pacific.com /guamix.html (1187 words)

	concrete ships \| MetaFilter
		October 13, 2005 1:49 AM Concrete Ships Toward the end of the First World War, and during the Second World War, the United States commisioned the construction of experimental concrete ships.
		I had a vague recollection of seeing the wreck of a concrete ship somewhere in NJ when I was a kid.
		There is a wreck of a concrete ship in Galveston Bay, Galveston, Texas, named the S.S. Selma.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/45823 (1433 words)

	Concrete: Quizes
		Suppose you were to be the chief designer in charge of building a concrete ship to carry people overseas.
		The hydration reaction which strengthens concrete will be halted from lack of water resulting in weaker concrete.
		The dormancy period of fresh concrete is the period during which the concrete is in a plastic state and the reaction is very, very slow.
	matse1.mse.uiuc.edu /~tw/concrete/quiz.html (912 words)

	El Ray Floating Concrete Super-Ship Concept Page
		The ship is not designed to operate out of water but is shown in some images with a full bottom profile out of the water to show the form in detail.
		In addition to this energy technology the ship will also fully recycle its waste products into energy using MagneGas liquid waste to energy conversion technology, and Thermogenic solid waste recycling technology which will be redesigned into a smaller and lighter weight single mechanical cycle system.
		The construction cost of the ship is expected to be in the range of 15 to 20 million dollars US but could climb higher with the cost for internal fittings.
	www.nu-flotilla.com /El-Ray (433 words)

	S. S. Palo Alto
		Atlantus may be the most famous concrete ship on the east coast, the S. Palo Alto ("The Cement Boat") is the most famous concrete ship on the west coast.
		She is the sister ship of the S. Peralta.
		The ship was grounded in the bay and connected to the shore by a long pier.
	www.concreteships.org /ships/ww1/paloalto (262 words)

	The Concrete Ship at Sunset Beach, NJ
		An emergency fleet of 38 concrete ships were planned, by the United States Sipping Board.
		Only 12 of the concrete ships were ever put into service.
		With the end of the war, the more efficient steel ships were again available.
	www.sunsetbeachnj.com /concreteship.html (373 words)

	Concrete Ship Constructors
		The Maritime Commission only built concrete ships and barges reluctantly, at a point in the war when the steel shipbuilders were all at full capacity.
		These were the only self-propelled concrete ships: they were 366 feet long, with a deadweight of 5,000 tons.
		Concrete Ship Constructors developed a shipyard in National City CA to build concrete barges.
	www.coltoncompany.com /shipbldg/ussbldrs/wwii/merchantshipbuilders/concreteships.htm (361 words)

	Finding Aids
		Shipyard, cranes, concrete ship construction, welders, painters, ship-christening ceremony.
		Concrete ship construction, shipyards, shipyard workers, detail of interior steel frames.
		Ship christening and launching ceremonies for various concrete ships, launching party.
	www.sandiegohistory.org /findaid/ac030.htm (160 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The best example of concrete ship- Llilding, is the four hundred ton cargo 'vessel bitilt recently by a, Norwegian concern.
		At pres- ent several Englishl ship yards have started to build the concrete boats and a number of ships ranging from two hundred to one thousand tons are being built at N orweaian and Scandanavian slhip-yards for Englishl and French use.
		Re-enfored concrete was used in building vessels, even be- fore it was ever considered as a mate- rial for buildilnos The first example of.
	www-tech.mit.edu /archives/VOL_037/TECH_V037_S0292_P004.txt (1610 words)

	Category:Ship types - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is the category of articles about types of ships.
		For individual ships, see Category:Ships or Category:Ships by type.
		For a large collection of photos from all kind of ships see Ship Spotting or MaritimeDigital Archive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Ship_types (114 words)

	Concrete Outhouse, Concrete Products, Outhouses, Precast Products, Nanaimo, Vancouver Island
		We ship our products throughout British Columbia (B.C.) and western United States (U.S.A.) and work closely with provincial/state agencies, cities, parks, hospitals, schools, golf courses, malls and corporations to provide quality concrete solutions to their projects.
		Concrete Outhouses and Vandalism - With the ever increasing rise in vandalism and the costs incurred because of it, more and more of our customers are realizing the need to 'harden' their outhouses in public areas.
		Concrete Outhouses and Replacement Costs - With precast concrete outhouses, there is less likelihood of damage or decay, therefore less cost in replacement of your outhouses on a continual basis.
	www.mackayprecast.com /precast_concrete_outhouse.htm (341 words)

	Pacific War, the early years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		I remember seeing a concrete ship off the southern coast of New Jersey as a kid.
		A quick search of the internet found a site dated the same day of the very concrete ship I remembered with her history and a photo.
		And also The History about the Ferro-Concrete Ships in Europe dating back to experiments with a rowboat in 1856.
	www.ww2pacific.com /concship.html (400 words)

	Centennial Park's concrete landmarks have stories to tell - Wednesday, 03/17/04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The ship and several other decorative items in the park owe their existence to Maj. E.C. Lewis and his interest in reinforced concrete.
		Among them were the concrete shell that once marked a spring, an arch bridge in Lake Watauga and a mushroom-shaped bandstand.
		The ship once greeted all arriving through the park's main entrance when it was off Elliston Place.
	www.tennessean.com /learn-nashville/archives/04/12/48468804.shtml?Element_ID=48468804 (807 words)

	Parkway Rest Stop: Libations, Libations, a Lighthouse, a Concrete Ship, and More Libations.
		We also went to Sunset Beach to take a look at the remains of the S.S. Atlantus, one of the 12 experimental concrete ships build during World War I, due to a steel shortage.
		After a few trans-Atlantic voyages, the Atlantus was taken out of service, and it foundered while it was being brought to New Jersey to serve as part of a dock for a ferryboat between Delaware and New Jersey.
		Oddly enough, during World War II, the government built another 24 concrete ships, again because of a steel shortage.
	www.parkwayreststop.com /archives/000078.html (372 words)

	Concrete Pipe 1074
		Provide certified concrete pipe materials meeting 706.01, 706.02, 706.03, 706.04, 706.06 and 706.07 to the Department.
		Transferring concrete pipe between manufactures is not acceptable.
		Certification of a concrete pipe does not eliminate the project Engineer’s authority to inspect and reject any, or all, certified Concrete Pipe products delivered to the job site with excessive defects, damage or that do not meet specifications.
	www.dot.state.oh.us /testlab/applists/cement/Concrete-pipe-1074.htm (123 words)

	Planning for D-Day Normandy Invasion
		Both outside the harbours and within them there were ships in distress, ships dragging their anchors or whose anchors were already lost.
		A very large number of ships and craft found sanctuary under the lee of the blockships and within the harbour breakwaters.
		Ships in distress, which would otherwise have been lost with their valuable cargoes, were saved by the friendly shelter of the artificial harbours.
	www.usmm.org /felknordday.html (1945 words)

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