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Topic: Condemnations (University of Paris)

	Thomism
		The University of Louvain, which had been largely Thomistic, was compelled to close its doors, and other important institutions of learning were either closed or seriously hampered in their work.
		The direct and primary object of the intellect is the universal, which is prepared and presented to the passive intellect (intellectus possibilis) by the active intellect (intellectus agens) which illuminates the phantasmata, or mental images, received through the senses, and divests them of all individuating conditions.
		The University of Ottawa and Laval University are the centres of Thomism in Canada.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/thomism.html (4813 words)

	Condemnations (University of Paris) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Condemnations at the medieval University of Paris were enacted to restrict certain teachings as being heretical.
		These condemnations eventually led to a direct attack on the works of Thomas Aquinas.
		According to Pierre Duhem, the Condemnations led to the birth of modern science, because they forced thinkers to break from relying so much on Aristotle, and to think about the world in new ways.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Condemnations_(University_of_Paris) (289 words)

	Condemnation of 1277 (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Tempier's condemnation has often been depicted as the most dramatic and significant doctrinal censure in the history of the University of Paris, and a landmark in the history of medieval philosophy and theology.
		Evidence of the presence of rationalist tendencies at the University of Paris was found in certain articles of Tempier's syllabus, or in the prefatory letter in which Tempier expounded his notion of double truth.
		In more recent times, the idea that Tempier's condemnation was a symptom of the existence of rationalist currents at the University of Paris, in the sense of the emergence of philosophy as an autonomous discipline vis-à-vis divine revelation, has been further developed by scholars such as Alain de Libera, Kurt Flasch, and Luca Bianchi.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/condemnation (3768 words)

	Medieval Science and the Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As the inquisitor was not part of the university it is likely that the case would already have acquired a degree of notoriety, perhaps due to public disputations or lectures, before he heard of it and having done so he would be obliged to act.
		The analogy of the universe as a machine, typical of the mechanistic philosophy of Descartes, appears in Western Europe as early as Hugh of St Victor in the eleventh century [NOTE].
		Thijssen JMMH Censure and Heresy at the University of Paris: 1200 - 1400 Philadelphia 1998
	www.bede.org.uk /university.htm (5763 words)

	Godfrey of Fontaines
		Godfrey of Fontaines was one of the major philosopher-theologians to serve as Regent Master at the University of Paris in the final quarter of the thirteenth century, along with Henry of Ghent and Giles of Rome.
		University statutes required one to spend at least eight years in studying theology before becoming a Master, and it is also known that he was inscribed at the Sorbonne before August 15, 1274.
		Godfrey was surely familiar with the controversy concerning whether one should with Avicenna stress the nonparticular and therefore the universal character of being as being and hence make this the subject of metaphysics or rather with Averroes emphasize it as the science which has the highest kind of being, the divine, as its subject.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /archives/fall2004/entries/godfrey (6663 words)

	HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*
		In an address at a council in Paris, assembled to arrange for a new crusade, he reminded the mendicant monks that he and they were called not to court glory or learning, but to secure the salvation of their souls.
		For it is not according to the law of the universe that all things in an equal way and immediately should reach their end, but the lowest through the mediocre and the lower through the higher.
		The utterances of John of Paris and Peter Dubois on the subject of general councils led straight on to the views propounded during the papal schism at the close of the fourteenth century.
	www.ccel.org /s/schaff/history/6_ch01.htm (16601 words)

	Vatican II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		PARIS, DEC 9 (ZENIT).- From November 25-27, the Sorbonne University of Paris, held a symposium entitled "Two Thousand Years After What?" Among the guest speakers was Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, prefect of the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
		Americanism is not condemned on account of its assertion of the necessity of the active and social virtues, but on account of its negation of the interior virtues of self-denial, humility, obedience.
		What she condemns is the limitation, restriction, and imprisonment of the Divine Immensity and of the Divine Universality in the narrow limits of the finite and the created.
	www.tcrnews2.com /genvat2.html (5039 words)

	Censure and Heresy at the University of Paris, 1200-1400 \| Thijssen, J. M. M. H. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It is this third variety of heresy that J.M.M.H. Thijssen addresses in Censure and Heresy at the University of Paris, 1200-1400.
		The book documents 30 cases in which university trained scholars were condemned for disseminating allegedly erroneous opinions in their teaching or writing, and focuses particularly on four academic censures that have occupied prominent positions in the historiography of medieval philosophy.
		Thijssen grants central importance to a number of questions so far neglected by historians regarding judicial procedures, the authorities supervising the orthodoxy of teaching, and the effects of condemnations on the careers of the accused.
	www.upenn.edu /pennpress/book/1896.html (258 words)

	History of Philosophy 45
		Buridan developed the nominalistic theory of universals and formulated a theory of will, in which he maintained that choice is invariably determined by the greater good, and that the only freedom which we possess is a power of suspending our choice and reconsidering the motives for action.
		About the year 1379 he left Paris, went to Heidelberg, and was made rector of the university which had been founded in that city in 1356.
		In 1380 he became master in the University of Paris; later he was promoted successively to the sees of Puy and of Cambrai.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/hop45.htm (870 words)

	1277 - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		St George's cross is first used as the flag of England.
		The philosophical doctrine Averroism is banned from Paris at a condemnation at the University of Paris.
		In Japan, a 20 kilometer stone wall defending the coast of Hakata Bay in Fukuoka is completed; it is built in response to the attempted invasion by the Mongol Empire in 1274.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/1277 (353 words)

	[No title]
		It is doubtful whether Tempier and his associates acted in the name of the University of Paris, which had always been loyal to St.
		Paris" (Paris, 1890- 91), I, 543, 558, 566; II, 6, 280; Duplessis d'Argentre, "Collectio judiciorum de novis erroribus" (3 vols., Paris, 1733-36), 1, 175 sqq.; Du Boulay, "Hist.
		Among these the Encyclical "Aeterni Patris" mentions Paris, Salamanca, Alcala Douai, Toulouse, Louvain, Padua, Bologna, Naples, and Coimbra as "the homes of human wisdom where Thomas reigned supreme, and the minds of all, teachers as well as taught, rested in wonderful harmony under the shield and authority of the Angelic Doctor".
	www.ewtn.com /library/HOMELIBR/CETHOM.TXT (4841 words)

	Hesychasm
		The second Hesychast synod under Cantacuzenus, but without the patriarch, condemned Akindynos and introduced a new element by representing him and all its opponents as latinizers who were trying to destroy Orthodoxy.
		We know of them chiefly through the indignant condemnations they at once provoked.
		Bernard wrote to refute Gilbert de la Porrée; the University of Paris and the legate Odo condemned John of Brescain's proposition.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/h/hesychasm.html (2958 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Peter Lombard
		In 1158 or 1159 he was appointed Archbishop of Paris; but held the office for a short time only, being succeeded by Maurice de Sully, the builder of the present Cathedral of Notre Dame, in 1160 or 1161.
		On the whole and in spite of his connection with Abelard, he is orthodox; a proposition of his on "Christological nihilism" was condemned by Alexander III; other theses were abandoned in the century that followed; St. Bonaventure mentions eight of them and the University of Paris later added others.
		But the success of the book was incontestable; down to the sixteenth century it was the textbook in the university courses, upon which each future doctor had to lecture during two years.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/11768d.htm (1361 words)

	Siger of Brabant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He was one of the founding fathers of Latin Averroism, or the Aristotelean movement, and believed in all averroist claims (that there is one universal intellect seperate from the mind, and there is a singular intellect present within the mind).
		In 1270 he was condemned by Bishop Steven Tempier for his teachings, but it wasn't until his second condemnation that he could no longer teach at the university.
		If you would like more information about the condemnations of 1277 you can visit this site: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/condemnation/.The death of Siger of Brabant is some what mysterious, in that no one, during his time, specifically knew the cause of his death.
	www.smcm.edu /users/kejarboe/biography.html (333 words)

	Medieval Studies 120B: The Origin of the University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The University is a specifically Western phenomenon, created in the Middle Ages; normatively, it is defined as a corporation empowered by recognized authorities to offer permanent, universal, and binding status, affirming a level of achievement through study, and certifying the practice of defined functions.
		Essential, then, to the notion of a university is its independent standing as an association (for ``universitas'' in late Latin basically means a guild), and its ability to confer rights, in the case of teaching, the jus ubique docendi--the right to teach anywhere.
		Scholars suddenly had the tools--in the rules of dialectical logic--and the matter--in the form of scientific speculation--to investigate the universe, particularly the universe as apprehended by the human mind.
	medieval.ucdavis.edu /120B (949 words)

	IslamOnline - Views Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In that regard, the University of Chicago played a central role, as did Leo Strauss, the German Jewish political philosopher, one of its star professors.
		The university’s interdisciplinary norms of peer evaluation of ideas and arguments had proved to be too restrictive for them.
		University of Toronto professor Shadia Drury, a leading Straussian scholar, locates this exclusiveness in the esoteric style of Strauss’s writings, confirming that the neoconservatives are not well regarded within the academy.
	www.islamonline.net /english/Views/2004/01/article02b.shtml (2716 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517.
		This is inherently probable from their personal association in Paris and at the emperor’s court and the community of many of their views.
		The papal condemnations were reproduced by the University of Paris, which singled out for reprobation the statements that Peter is not the head of the Church, that the pope may be deposed, and that he has no right to inflict punishments without the emperor’s consent.
		The validity of Constantine’s donation Marsiglius rejected, as Dante and John of Paris had done before, but he did not surmise that the Isidorean decretals were an unblushing forgery, a discovery left for Laurentius Valla to make a hundred years later.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc6.ii.ii.vii.html?bcb=0 (3466 words)

	Averroes
		Thus there were official condemnations of "unorthodox" doctrines at the University of Paris in 1270 and 1277, including specific injunctions against two standards of truth.
		Despite institutional criticism and even formal condemnation, his powerful statements of Aristotelian doctrine were sustained among Latin scholars and thinkers well into the mid-seventeenth century.
		Observation shows that everything in the world is ordered according to a fixed causal pattern which is conducive to serving the universal goal of the existence and well‑being of mankind, as the Qur'an itself asserts in a series of verses.
	www.wordtrade.com /philosophy/medieval/averroes.htm (4177 words)

	Reli 492 Lecture Notes on Topic 2.1.3
		He was, In fact, the idol of Paris; eloquent, vivacious, handsome, possessed of an unusually rich voice, full of confidence in his own power to please, he had, as he tells us, the whole world at his feet.
		In the problem of Universals, which occupied so much of the attention of dialecticians in those days, Abelard took a position of uncompromising hostility to the crude nominalism of Roscelin on the one side, and to the exaggerated realism of William of Champeaux on the other.
		From the middle of the thirteenth century the University of Paris refused its assent to eight propositions, of a highly technical character, it is true, and Bonaventure declined to press them.
	cranfordville.com /r492Lec213.html (17865 words)

	Center for First Amendment Studies
		That allowed the University of Padua, founded in 1222, where Galileo would eventually teach, to advertise that it was a place where Aristotle could be studied.
		He returned to Paris in 1252 where he met Bonaventure; the two were able to convince the University of Paris to require Aristotelian studies of all undergraduates.
		He then taught in Florence before returning to the University of Pisa in 1589 as professor of mathematics, where he learned that Tuscany, because of political past, was enmeshed in vitriolic dialectic that carried over into the academic community.
	www.csulb.edu /~crsmith/whitepapers/galileo.htm (8292 words)

	FT March 1999: Thomas Aquinas: A Doctor for the - Ages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Between 1252 and 1259, Aquinas fulfilled with signal success the obligations of a thirteenth–century university instructor and professor, notwithstanding the conflicts and disputes that continued both within and outside the lecture halls.
		The ecclesiastical condemnations of Aquinas’ teaching in 1277 and 1284, even though moot long before their formal revocation shortly after Aquinas’ canonization in 1323, reveal the kinds of difficulties that attended a transition to the new theological forms that Aquinas’ teaching embodied.
		The latter denies the existence of universal ideas, at least in the mind of creatures, whereas the former rejects the epistemological principle that nothing exists in the intellect that was not first in sense knowledge.
	www.firstthings.com /ftissues/ft9903/cessario.html (4196 words)

	History of Philosophy 42
		But the most characteristic doctrine of the Averroists, a doctrine which involved the denial of the most vital principle of Scholasticism, was that what is true in philosophy may be false in theology, and vice versa.
		Towards the end of the thirteenth century Averroism appeared in the University of Paris, and was made the subject of several ecclesiastical inquiries and condemnations.
		Others, on the contrary, so vehemently denounced his teachings as heterodox that the inquisitor of Aragon was instructed to draw up a list of propositions from the writings of Raymond and forward it to Rome.
	www.nd.edu /Departments/Maritain/etext/hop42.htm (1134 words)

	GraciousCall.org books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The preacher selected 13 of the Flagellant tenets and practices for his reprobation, including the shedding of their own blood, a practice, he declared, fit for the priests of Baal, and the murder of Jews for their supposed crime of poisoning the wells, in which was sought the origin of the Black Plague.
		He condemned the warriors for repudiating the priesthood and treating their penances as equivalent to the journey to the jubilee in Rome, set for 1350.
		The movement was essentially a lay movement, an expression of the spirit of dissatisfaction in Northern Germany and the Lowlands with the sacerdotal class.
	www.graciouscall.org /books/history/6_ch07.htm (15447 words)

	CHAPTER 3: ASTRONOMY.
		The Archbishop of Florence solemnly condemned the new doctrines as unscriptural; and Paul V, while petting Galileo, and inviting him as the greatest astronomer of the world to visit Rome, was secretly moving the Archbishop of Pisa to pick up evidence against the astronomer.
		The condemnations were inscribed upon the Index; and, finally, the papacy committed itself as an infallible judge and teacher to the world by prefixing to the Index the usual papal bull giving its monitions the most solemn papal sanction.
		His theory of vortices—assuming a uniform material regulated by physical laws—as the beginning of the visible universe, though it was but a provisional hypothesis, had ended the whole old theory of the heavens with the vaulted firmament and the direction of the planetary movements by angels, which even Kepler had allowed.
	www.human-nature.com /reason/white/chap3.html (13563 words)

	Chapter III - Astronomy
		The Archbishop of Florence solenmnly condemned the new doctrines as unscriptural; and Paul V, while petting Galileo, and inviting him as the greatest astronomer of the world to visit Rome, was secretly moving the Archbishop of Pisa to pick up evidence against the astronomer.
		The condemnations were inscribed upon the _Index_; and, finally, the papacy committed itself as an infallible judge and teacher to the world by prefixing to the _Index_ the usual papal bull giving its monitions the most solemn papal sanction.
		His theory of vortices--assuming a uniform material regulated by physical laws--as the beginning of the visible universe, though it was but a provisional hypothesis, had ended the whole old theory of the heavens with the vaulted firmament and the direction of the planetary movements by angels, which even Kepler had allowed.
	www.infidels.org /library/historical/andrew_white/Chapter3.html (12321 words)

	The ordination of women in the Roman Catholic Church
		The primary argument advanced by the contemporary magisterium against the ordination of women is the constant and universal tradition of the Church.
		This criticism gathered force in response to what Josef Pieper has called the “dynamic rationalism” that began to emerge at the University of Paris around 1265 under the aegis of Siger of Brabant, whose Averroist reading of Aristotle provided the basis for what later came to be known as the “double truth” theory.
		The free play of ideas was checked, and the University of Paris paralyzed for half a century.
	www.womenpriests.org /classic/ferrara.asp (3833 words)

	THE STATE OF EUROPE BEFORE THE REFORMATION
		The idea of a universal Christian priesthood was gradually lost sight of; the servants of the Church of Christ were compared to the priests of the old covenant; and those who separated from the bishop were placed in the same rank with Korah, Dathan, and Abiram!
		Christ was looked upon as a severe judge, prepared to condemn all who should not have recourse to the intercession of the saints, or to the papal indulgences.
		No university, except perhaps that of Paris, which sometimes raised its voice at the signal of its kings, doubted the infallibility of the oracles of Rome.
	www.bereanbeacon.org /State_of_Europe.html (19088 words)

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