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Topic: Conditional access

	20CFR654.654.403 - Conditional access to the intrastate or interstate clearance system.
		Upon receipt of a request for conditional access pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) or paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the RA shall review the matter and, as appropriate, shall either grant or deny the request.
		The authorization for conditional access to the intrastate or interstate clearance system shall be in writing, and shall state that although the housing does not comply with the applicable standards, the employer's job order may be placed into intrastate or interstate clearance until a specified date.
		If the RA denies the request for conditional access to the intrastate or interstate clearance system, the RA shall provide written notice to the employer, the appropriate State agency, and the local Job Service office, stating the reasons for the denial.
	www.dol.gov /dol/allcfr/eta/Title_20/Part_654/20CFR654.403.htm (446 words)

	Oftel News 56, June 2002: Oftel finalises arrangements for Conditional Access
		Conditional access services allow broadcasters to supply their television programmes only to customers who are entitled to watch them.
		Conditional access ensures, for example, that only people who have paid to receive certain programmes can do so, and that free-to-air channels such as the BBC can only be viewed by UK consumers.
		Suppliers of conditional access services are obliged by the terms of their licence to provide them on a "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" basis, and Oftel has the power to intervene to set prices if commercial negotiations fail.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/Oftel/publications/news/on56/ca0602.htm (371 words)

	Question 6/9 - Methods and practices for conditional access and copy protection for digital cable television ...
		Indeed, conditional access systems that were considered to be totally secure when they were developed only a few years ago for television distribution to the home, have been invariably "compromised" by pirates, who extract the conditional access enabling information and sell it at a fraction of the regular subscription fee.
		Any conditional access system can be expected to eventually be compromised, irrespective of its sophistication, if the compromised enabling information can be sold to a sufficiently large base of customers.
		Another very important aspect that is related to conditional access is the provision of measures to prevent a distributed programme from being copied, unless the owner of its intellectual property rights authorizes such copying.
	www.itu.int /ITU-T/2001-2004/com09/sg9-q6.html (948 words)

	OFTEL REVIEWS CONDITIONAL ACCESS GUIDELINESFOR DIGITAL TELEVISION - 30 October 2001
		Known as conditional access, encryption, subscriber authorisation and payment services are purchased by broadcasters in order to supply digital television channels to their customers over another company’s digital TV network.
		Conditional access also ensures that rights for free to air programmes are not compromised by ensuring only UK households have access to the broadcasts.
		Conditional access regulations apply to Sky Subscribers Services Ltd (SSSL) and ITV Digital, the two companies currently registered under the Conditional Access Services Class Licence.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /static/archive/Oftel/press/releases/2001/pr71_01.htm (424 words)

	Conditional access system for pay TV unlikely to take off
		If conditional access is not introduced, the show of strength among broadcasters through their cable distribution network will continue, say sources in the industry.
		She even placed the proposal on conditional access before the members of the Parliamentary Consultative Committee attached to the I&B Ministry in November 2000.
		In this context, Ms Swaraj had recently remarked that the conditional access system would end the discrepancy between the declared number of subscribers and the real number of subscribers for a pay channel - which is a bone of contention in the industry.
	www.expressindia.com /fe/daily/20010113/fco12001.html (710 words)

	In-Depth Analysis: Conditional Access in Pay-TV Markets
		The common industry solution to this challenge is through the use of conditional access technologies.
		Conditional access (CA) technologies protect video content by requiring that certain criteria be met before a specific end-user is granted access to that content.
		It discusses why there is a need for conditional access in the pay-TV industry, how it works, and highlights the basic business models in use today.
	www.instat.com /abstract.asp?id=289&SKU=IN0603167MBI (226 words)

	IPTV DRM/CAS by NetUP
		Conditional Access System consists of two components: the server component and the client one.
		Conditional Access System, produced by NetUP, allows encrypting multimedia streams and their subsequent transmission via unprotected communication channels.
		Due to the Conditional Access System, an IPTV provider is able to control access to the multimedia content and build financial relations with subscribers.
	www.netup.tv /en-EN/cas-drm.php (277 words)

	Conditional Access and DRM Solutions for Pay TV - VideoGuard by NDS
		Conditional Access and DRM Solutions for Pay TV - VideoGuard by NDS
		Today it is used by over 72 million subscribers and the world's leading pay TV operators.
		NDS VideoGuard has made impressive progress because it is based on the industry's most advanced suite of conditional access (CA) solutions.
	www.nds.com /conditional_access/conditional_access.html (281 words)

	Object-conditional access system - Patent 6721422
		Conditional access system according to claim 1, wherein each of the objects is related to a predetermined level of in-depth information.
		Conditional access system according to claim 1, wherein scene description data (sd) is transmitted from the separator (3) to the combiner (10), according to which the object data is combined with the remaining data.
		For example, the conditional access system according to the invention could be generalized to programs consisting of more levels of conditional access (more tariff levels), in which the lowest (free of charge) could be worthwhile.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6721422.html?highlight=teletext (1806 words)

	Conditional access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Conditional access ("CA") is the protection of content by requiring certain criteria to be met before granting access to this content.
		Under the DVB, conditional access system standards are defined in the specification documents for DVB-CA (Conditional Access), DVB-CSA (the Common Scrambling Algorithm) and DVB-CI (the Common Interface).
		Access control, the same principle applied outside of television.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conditional_access (457 words)

	Legal Protection of Conditional Access Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Accordingly, the scope of the proposed directive covers all services that are supplied on a Conditional Access basis: this includes traditional pay-TV (and radio), video-on-demand, audio-on-demand, electronic publishing and a wide range of on-line services, all of which are offered to the public on a subscription or usage-related basis[12].
		At the Community level, the corresponding notion is that of "conditional access" enshrined in Directive 95/47 on the use of standards for the transmission of television signals (Article 4)[27].
		On-line applications could similarly improve access to a wide range of data, provided that the viability of such business is ensured by usage-related tariffs implemented by conditional access (and legal protection thereof): unrestricted access is simply not compatible with the investment required in order to create the database.
	europa.eu.int /ISPO/legal/en/converge/condaccess.html (6829 words)

	1 THE CONDITIONAL ACCESS DIRECTIVE
		This interpretation provides a legal basis for the “right to authorize or control access” which is explicitly contained within the definition of “conditional access,” and which is arguably central to the conditional access infrastructure.
		Protecting the conditional access mechanism itself, without considering the content contained therein, may contradict the conclusion that the “right to control access” in issue is similar to the one found under copyright law.
		This is similar to the Conditional Access Directive’s recognition of property interests in access control technology as discussed in Part III.A. Second, in protecting against piracy, both instruments seek to protect the remuneration interest associated with the use of a “container,” whether a satellite signal or the infrastructure provided by the access control technology.
	www.law.berkeley.edu /journals/btlj/articles/vol15/heide/heide.html (13573 words)

	broadbandmag.co.uk/conditional access
		The most vital job of any conditional access system is to secure the broadcast signal, which is an ongoing challenge for CA companies.
		Conditional access companies have to maintain a constant dialogue with their customers and continually monitor any possible weaknesses in their systems.
		Now, with customers wanting to buy their own set-top boxes, conditional access companies and set-top box manufacturers are having to place the security module within the smart card or another removable device, rather than in the box, making the CA system 'hardware-agnostic'.
	www.broadbandmag.co.uk /features/jan_feb_02/conditional.htm (1512 words)

	Conditional access
		Conditional access (CA) is a service that allows broadcasters to restrict certain programming products to certain viewers.
		The main areas of the STB that are involved with conditional access are shown in yellow.
		In this block diagram of a typical set-top box, the main areas of the STB that are involved with conditional access are shown in yellow.
	2001newsarchive.broadcastengineering.com /ar/broadcasting_conditional_access (891 words)

	IViR - Publications - Study on the use of conditional access systems for reasons other than the protection of ...
		Conditional access (CA) is, generally spoken, a technical solution which allows its user to control and secure access to electronically transmitted services and contents as well as to determine the conditions under which access is granted.
		Since conditional access devices make it possible to deny unauthorised parties access to content or information and communication systems, they can serve various security interests of service providers, not least security of communication and information networks, confidentiality, integrity and availability of data, privacy, protection of intellectual property as well as the security of financial transactions.
		For the providers of conditional access devices like set-top boxes for satellite or data reception this means that their bottleneck facility can become even more valuable, as it not only controls the access to broadcasting services but also to the Internet.
	www.ivir.nl /publications/other/ca-report.html (16392 words)

	Zintec - Conditional Access (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For broadcasters who wish to protect the integrity of paid for programming, quality conditional access solutions are a necessity.
		Any receiver made for digital reception may work up to a point; however, many receivers are sold for use on a particular operator's "bouquet" (multiplex) of channels and often have internal software that prevents you from receiving another operator's signals.
		There are several different conditional access schemes in use by the different operators, and each system demands the relevant CAM (as well as the smart card for subscription channels).
	www.zintec.com /conditionalaccess.html (316 words)

	Unscrambling Conditional Access, Encryption - Broadband Week 02/04/2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The barrier is the jumble of jargon known as “conditional access and encryption.”
		That’s because conditional access and encryption systems come in two parts: A headend controller (scrambler), and a secret spot within the digital box that knows the “key” to unscramble the encryption algorithm (unscrambler).
		Still, it’s the existing state of conditional access and encryption that dissuades the big consumer-electronics brands from bringing competitively priced set-tops to the industry, and it’s conditional access and encryption that makes MSOs grumble about feeling like hostages to the incumbent supplier duo.
	www.broadbandweek.com /news/020204/020204_cable_ellis.htm (779 words)

	informitv - Conditional Access
		Conditional access or CA provides a method of managing encryption and decryption to allow the operator to control the access to content and services, typically to provide subscription services or to target viewing regions.
		Selective access is controlled by a Subscriber Management System or SMS that is used to authorise the user to access services.
		The end user or subscriber requires a receiver or set-top box that enables conditional access to such services, often using a smart card and possibly a personal identification number or PIN.
	informitv.com /glossary/conditionalaccess (137 words)

	Stream Chooses NDS Open VideoGuard Conditional Access To Secure TV Content
		NDS conditional access solutions create a secure infrastructure for broadcasters that protects their content by ensuring that customers view and use only what they pay for.
		Conditional access contributes to increased revenues for broadcasters because it allows them to create flexible subscription tiers; offer greater programming choices for viewers; tailor broadcasts by area, market segment or preference; integrate with Electronic Program Guides (EPGs) that are a simple gateway to interactive services; and pay-TV and special events.
		NDS is the leading provider of conditional access solutions to digital broadcasters worldwide, working with leading satellite broadcasters around the world, including BSkyB and DIRECTV as well as digital cable companies such as Madritel in Spain, NTC in China, MATAV in Israel and Foxtel in Australia.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/04-05-2000/0001182809&EDATE= (1000 words)

	Conditional access
		Conditional access (CA) is a service that allows broadcasters to restrict certain programming products to certain viewers.
		The main areas of the STB that are involved with conditional access are shown in yellow.
		In this block diagram of a typical set-top box, the main areas of the STB that are involved with conditional access are shown in yellow.
	broadcastengineering.com /mag/broadcasting_conditional_access/index.html (969 words)

	Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 1175
		These Regulations may be cited as the Conditional Access (Unauthorised Decoders) Regulations 2000 and shall come into force on 28th May 2000.
		"conditional access technology" means any technical measure or arrangement whereby access to encrypted transmissions in an intelligbile form is made conditional on prior individual authorisation;
		The Directive provides for protection against illicit devices which enable or facilitate the circumvention of technological measures designed to protect television and radio subscription services, "information society services" (as defined in the Directive) and conditional access services (which are to be afforded the same legal protection as the other services).
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si2000/20001175.htm (1414 words)

	RWonline - IBOC DAB
		Harris believes the concepts of the extended hybrid mode and conditional access are "huge," according to Hal Kneller, chair of the tech committee of IAAIS and the Harris sales rep for noncom stations.
		Conditional access could be used for a host of station data services in addition to radio reading services, he said.
		Commercial stations would no doubt be interested in conditional access as well for reading services and subscription channels, he said.
	www.rwonline.com /reference-room/iboc/2006.06.21-02_rw_accessible_3.shtml (1775 words)

	Legal protection of conditional access systems in the EU
		Making the provision of information related to technical weaknesses in pay-TV conditional access systems illegal is a serious restriction of the rights of free speech, as well as the freedom of journalism and research.
		In addition, there is a new amendment 3 that says “conditional access systems should not be used for the sole purpose of refusing access for consumers in some Member States to services which are freely available in other Member States”, as well as many other changes.
		The EU Conditional Access Directive is clearly heading in the same direction as these new U.S. laws.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /~mgk25/ca-law (2319 words)

	Conditional Access System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A conditional access system is composed of a combination of scrambling and encryption technology that is designed to prevent unauthorized reception.
		The conditional access subsystem in the receiver will then decrypt the control word only when authorized to do so.
		Griffin is a comprehensive conditional access system (CAS) that has been in development for more than two years and is now being deployed by regional cable and satellite TV operators in both the U.S. and Europe.
	www.embeddedsoftwaregroup.com /conditional.htm (327 words)

	Define CA - Conditional Access
		Meaning of CA – “Conditional Access” is a technology used to control access to digital television (DTV) services to authorized users by encrypting the transmitted programming.
		“…Conditional access ("CA") is the protection of content by requiring certain criteria to be met before granting access to the content.
		Conditional access broadcasting: An over-air enabled system for general purpose data channels by Douglas T Wright
	www.birds-eye.net /definition/c/ca-conditional_access.shtml (1021 words)

	kbAlertz: In Microsoft Access 2000, conditional formatting was added to forms and reports to allow users to format a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In Microsoft Access 2000, conditional formatting was added to forms and reports to allow users to format a control based on a particular condition.
		However, in the Access user interface, you cannot automatically propagate the conditional formatting of one control to all other controls on the form.
		For an example of how to propagate the conditional formatting of one control to all other controls on the form, follow these steps.
	www.kbalertz.com /kb_Q304104.aspx (737 words)

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