
	Where results make sense

Topic: Condorcet paradox

Related Topics

Voting paradox

Condorcet method

Marquis de Condorcet

Franz Kafka

Automobile

In the News (Wed 30 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	sociology - Paradox
		A paradox is an apparently true statement or group of statements that seems to lead to a contradiction or to a situation that defies intuition, such as "This statement is false".
		Paradoxes which are not based on a hidden error generally happen at the fringes of context or language, and require extending the context (or language) to lose their paradox quality.
		Supplee's paradox: the buoyancy of a relativistic object (such as a bullet) appears to change when the reference frame is changed from one in which the bullet is at rest to one in which the fluid is at rest
	www.aboutsociology.com /sociology/Paradox (2199 words)

	Marquis de Condorcet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Condorcet continued to receive prestigious appointments: in 1777, he was appointed Secretary of the Académie des Sciences, and, in 1782, secretary of the Académie Française.
		The paradox states that it is possible for a majority to prefer A over B, another majority to prefer B over C, and another majority to prefer C over A, all from the same electorate and same set of ballots.
		Condorcet was interred in The Pantheon in 1989, in honor of the bicentennial of the French Revolution and Condorcet's role as a central figure in the Enlightenment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Condorcet (1434 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Condorcet,
		Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de A Dictionary of Sociology...
		Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de (1743–94) A leading contributor to the Encyclopedia (1751–65), and first supporter then victim of the French Revolution, Condorcet is chiefly remembered for his theory of human progress.
		Condorcet was educated by Jesuits, and became the permanent Secretary...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Condorcet, (1113 words)

	Condorcet biography
		In 1777 Condorcet was appointed Secretary of the
		By 1792 Condorcet had become one of the leaders of the Republican cause.
		Wholly a man of the Enlightenment, an advocate of economic freedom, religious toleration, legal and educational reform, and the abolition of slavery, Condorcet sought to extend the empire of reason to social affairs.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Condorcet.html (740 words)

	Condorcet
		Condorcet was an optimist on social progress, believing in the ultimate "perfectability" of man. Malthus's population doctrines were partly directed against his ideas.
		Condorcet's research programme was abandoned wholesale after the French Revolution - particularly after J.B. Say's efforts to redirect French theory towards non-mathematical British political economy.
		Condorcet took a leading role in the 1789 French Revolution, which he saw as embodying a great hope for his "rationalist" reconstruction of society.
	cepa.newschool.edu /het/profiles/condorcet.htm (908 words)

	Social Choice and Beyond - History
		The Paradox of Voting states that, given the distribution of voter’s preferences, in certain cases there may be no solution which obeys certain common sense rules.
		Condorcet denounced the Jacobin constitution and was proscribed by the Jacobins.
		Condorcet is better known, perhaps, for his essay on Progress which he wrote while hiding from Robespierre and the Terror in the winter of 1793-1794, the title of which is “Outline of an Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind” (Esquisse d’un tableau historique des progres de l’espirit humain Paris: Masson, 1822).
	www.socialchoiceandbeyond.com /scabpage2.html (2492 words)

	Voting
		The work contains the Condorcet Paradox which points out that it is possible that a majority of voters may prefer candidate A over candidate B, a majority may prefer candidate B over candidate C, and yet a majority may prefer candidate C over candidate A.
		Borda was a contemporary of Condorcet and felt that although the system described by Llull, and much later proposed by Condorcet, was fair, it was not workable.
		The paradox which Arrow proved is counterintuitive for one feels that there must be a satisfactory way of aggregating the wishes of individuals into a policy for society as a whole.
	www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/HistTopics/Voting.html (2066 words)

	Dp Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		An extension of Condorcet's paradox by McGarvey (1953) asserts that for every asymmetric relation R on a finite set of candidates there is a strict-preferences voter profile that has the relation R as its strict simple majority relation.
		Condorcet studied an election between two candidates in which the voters' choices are random and independent and the probability of a voter choosing the first candidate is p > 1/2.
		Condorcet's Jury Theorem asserts that if the number of voters tends to infinity then the probability that the first candidate will be elected tends to one.
	www.ratio.huji.ac.il /show-dp-abstract.asp?dpNumber=362 (240 words)

	Single-Winner Electoral Methods FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		If their is a Condorcet winner for the voter's sincere preferences, and this candidate does not win, then by definition, a majority of the voters prefer this candidate to the winner.
		We can therefore conclude that when the Condorcet winner loses in any of these methods, even those that do not meet the Condorcet criterion, it is because voters did not have enough information or were unwilling to use strategy.
		Condorcet methods are also argued for on this basis.
	www.condorcet.org /emr/singfaq.shtml (4064 words)

	Vote Aggregation Methods
		The paradox of voting was discovered over 200 years ago by M. Condorcet, a French mathematician, philosopher, economist, and social scientist.
		Although the Condorcet criterion is a popular means for evaluating voting systems, there are some situations in which it is not clear that the Condorcet winner represents the collective choice.
		However, approval voting has a higher Condorcet efficiency than plurality voting, selecting the Condorcet winner in all cases where it is selected by plurality voting as well as in other cases where it it may not be selected by plurality voting [17].
	lorrie.cranor.org /pubs/diss/node4.html (8348 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This paradox of voting was first discovered by a French nobelman, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat - bett e r known as the Marquis de Condorcet.
		Other terms that are sometimes used to describe }{\f1\ul Condorcet's paradox}{\f1 are }{\f1\ul voting cycles}{\f1 or }{\f1\ul preference cycles}{\f1 because the social choice tends to cycle through all the alternatives: \par \par A is preferred to B which is preferred to C which is preferred to A which is preferred to B...
		Arrow's theorem states that attempts to remedy this paradox, may create a transitive preference function, but cannot then guara ntee that non-dictatorship or one of the other conditions will not be violated.
	www.towson.edu /~roberts/339/A12socprf.doc (2182 words)

	Paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A paradox is an apparently true statement or group of statements that seems to lead to a contradiction or to a situation that defies intuition.
		Given the human brain can describe a Paradox it must be able to contain it, and the state where any given paradox ceases to display its inherent conflicting characteristics is decribed as a Locudox.
		Ellsberg paradox: A paradoxical result in experimental decision theory.
	paradox.mindbit.com (2272 words)

	Condorcet / Biography
		However Condorcet's resignation was refused and he continued to fill this post until 1791.
		In 1777 Condorcet was appointed Secretary of the Académie des Sciences.
		He is known for the Condorcet Paradox which points out that it is possible that a majority prefers option A over option B, a majority prefers option B over option C, and yet a majority prefers option C over option A. (Thus, "majority prefers" is not transitive.)
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /condorcetbio.html (735 words)

	Strategic Voting and Coalitions: Condorcet's Paradox and Ben-Gurion's Tri-lemma (IREE)
		Condorcet's 'paradox', often presented as an introduction to Arrow's 'impossibility' theorem, shows a potential instability or indeterminacy in democratic processes.
		A 'constitutional' commitment to principles beyond self-interest may be required to escape the chaos implied by the Condorcet paradox, or its generalisation in Arrow's impossibility theorem (see Moulin, 1995).
		The paradox suggested by this classroom game is that mutual betrayal, or rather the opportunity for mutual betrayal, may actually be a crucial ingredient for building mutual trust.
	www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk /iree/v4n2/stodder.htm (5786 words)

	Variations on IRV
		On the other hand, another system, called Condorcet, only measures breadth of support and ignores how strong the support is. A Condorcet winner may not be the favorite candidate of any voter, but the person would have to compare favorably in head-to-head matchups with each of the other candidates.
		The Condorcet rules suffers from the Condorcet Paradox: there may not be any candidate who defeats all the others: A might beat B, B might beat C, and yet C could beat A. In this case, some other system must be used to resolve the paradox.
		In addition, the Condorcet candidate might be one with so little core support that he or she would never have been able to win under any of the single-winner voting systems currently used for all governmental elections in the United States and other nations.
	www.fairvote.org /irv/various1.htm (785 words)

	No. 1921: Arrow's Paradox
		Condorcet, on the other hand, advocated a vote between every pair of candidates.
		The practical problem with Condorcet's method is that it may fail to produce a winner.
		In voting, this is known as Condorcet's Paradox.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1921.htm (725 words)

	Condorcet Criterion - Electowiki
		On a one-dimensional political spectrum, the Condorcet winner will be at the position of the median voter.
		Mainly because of Condorcet's voting paradox, a Condorcet winner will not always exist in a given set of votes.
		The Condorcet criterion for a voting system is that it chooses the Condorcet winner when one exists.
	wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Condorcet_Criterion (220 words)

	The Case for Condorcet Elections
		Argument for why Condorcet is the optimal system which we should strive to implement.
		Unfortunately, it is not possible to meet all of these criteria, for reasons to be discussed under The Paradox.
		Any Condorcet method must come along with an ambiguity resolution procedure for cases in which there is no winner by this first criterion.
	cgi.stanford.edu /~pflueger/condorcet/theoryCriteria.php (553 words)

	Voting paradox - Electowiki
		A majority of the dots are closer to B than A, C than B, and A than C. The voting paradox is a situation noted by the Marquis de Condorcet in the late 18th century, in which collective preferences can be cyclic (i.e.
		When a Condorcet method is used to determine an election, a voting paradox among the ballots can mean that the election has no Condorcet winner.
		The several variants of the Condorcet method differ chiefly on how they resolve such ambiguities when they arise to determine a winner.
	wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Voting_paradox (236 words)

	[No title]
		Condorcet proposed as a criterion that the alternative that beats all other alternatives in pairwise comparison should be the winner.
		A voting rule, whether Condorcet, Borda, or single transferable vote, is each defined by the conjunction of some of the various axioms of (alleged) fairness; and, among the plethora of axioms and resultant voting rules there are no persuasive arguments that would identify one voting rule as uniquely fair.
		Equality is necessarily violated under the Condorcet rule and in the choice of any other democratic voting rule, in a way that would not track voter competence, and in a way that would taint the fairness of a compromise.
	www.brown.edu /Research/ppw/files/Mackie.doc (10599 words)

	Condorcet Quotes
		Born in 1743, Condorcet became an eminent mathematician, elected secretary of the Academy of Sciences and a member of the French Academy.
		He was chief author of the Address to the European Powers, and the declaration calling for suspension of the King and summoning of the National Convention -- to which he offered a constitution supported by the moderate Girondins.
		The aggressive Jacobins defeated that constitution and outlawed Condorcet for his forthright advocacy of political moderation.
	accuratedemocracy.com /c_quotes.htm (333 words)

	Judgment aggregation webpage: judgement aggregation, discursive dilemma, doctrinal paradox
		But just as preference aggregation is illustrated by a paradox (Condorcet's paradox of cyclical majority preferences), so judgment aggregation is also illustrated by a paradox: the "discursive dilemma" or "doctrinal paradox".
		The "doctrinal paradox" illustrates the aggregation problem (Kornhauser and Sager 1986, 1993; Kornhauser 1992, the apparent first occurrence of the label "doctrinal paradox"; Chapman 1998).
		In earlier presentations of the problem under the name "doctrinal paradox", the logical connection rule R<->(PandQ) was not considered as a proposition on which the court explicitly makes a judgment by majority voting, but it was held fixed in the background as an exogenous constraint or "legal doctrine".
	personal.lse.ac.uk /LIST/doctrinalparadox.htm (2702 words)

	Events - UCI School of Social Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Transitivity of preference is defined as follows: if a person, group or society prefers choice option A to B and they prefer B to C then, in order to be transitive, they must prefer A to C. This colloquium will discuss methodological concerns about past research on preference (in) transitivity in individual decision makers.
		The starting point is the insight that the usual operationalization of transitive preference via "weak stochastic transitivity" suffers from conceptual shortfalls, most notably the "Condorcet paradox" of social choice theory.
		The Condorcet paradox shows that transitive individuals may violate weak stochastic transitivity at the level of aggregated data.
	www.socsci.uci.edu /eventdetails.php?eid=348 (248 words)

	Voting system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Condorcet methods, or pairwise methods, are a class of ranked voting methods that meet the Condorcet criterion.
		The differences between Condorcet methods occur in situations where no option is undefeated, implying that there exists a cycle of options that defeat one another, called a Condorcet paradox or Smith set.
		While Condorcet and Borda are usually credited as the founders of voting theory, recent research has shown that the philosopher Ramon Llull discovered both the Borda count and a pairwise method that satisfied the Condorcet criterion in the 13th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electoral_system (5469 words)

	[No title]
		The Condorcet Paradox The results of the Condorcet comparisons are contained in Tables A-1 — A-3 in the Appendix. On the basis of these comparisons, it is possible to construct the majority relation for the voters in each of the three elections.
		Other paradoxes In order to establish whether any of the other social choice paradoxes identified here were present in the preferences of the Danish voters, we must compare the social ordering according to the majority-relation with the actual results of the three elections.
		Two other paradoxes, the Condorcet-Winner-Turns-Looser Paradox and the Majority-Reversal Paradox, are occasionally, but rarely, present, while the fourth and most infamous, the Condorcet Paradox, is not found in any samples of voters, although its existence cannot be completely ruled out for the electorates.
	www.leidenuniv.nl /fsw/ecpr/pubchoice/klitgaard.doc (3492 words)

	Centerfield: "IRV" used in Burl., VT for mayor election. Great idea!
		Some argue that Condorcet methods and approval voting are better at selecting compromise candidates and at reducing the spoiler effect.
		However, even if a Condorcet paradox were to occur, there is a majority rule consistent method to resolve the paradox--successively ignore the pairing with the smallest margin until there is a Condorcet winner.
		While there are chances for insincere voting under majority rule, they all revolve around Condorcet paradoxes, and it is a lot harder to know that there will be a Condorcet paradox reducing the urge to vote insincerely.
	www.centristcoalition.com /blog/archives/003057.html (3940 words)

	Voting paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The voting paradox (also known as Condorcet's paradox or the paradox of voting) is a situation noted by the Marquis de Condorcet in the late 18th century, in which collective preferences can be cyclic (i.e.
		This is paradoxical, because it means that majority wishes can be in conflict with each other.
		However, Condorcet's paradox illustrates that the person who can reduce alternatives can essentially guide the election.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Voting_paradox (318 words)

	Complexity-Theoretic Aspects of Political Science
		Regarding the latter, the Condorcet criterion is that an election is won by any candidate who defeats all others in pairwise majority-rule elections.
		The Condorcet Paradox, dating from 1785, notes that not only is it not always the case that Condorcet winners exist but, far worse, when there are more than two candidates, pairwise majority-rule elections may yield strict cycles in the aggregate preference even if each voter has non-cyclic preferences.
		In particular, a Condorcet winner is a candidate who defeats each other candidate in pairwise majority-rule elections.
	www.cs.rochester.edu /u/lane/political-science.html (613 words)

	Centerfield: Comment on "IRV" used in Burl., VT for mayor election. Great idea! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Yet Condorcet methods may not yield a winner (see Condorcet paradox), in which case one must resort to another voting method (i.e.
		Yet Condorcet methods may not yield a winner (see Condorcet paradox), in which case one must resort to another voting method...
		Condorcet paradoxes are a possibility, but overblown as a problem.
	www.centristcoalition.com /cgi-bin/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=3057 (3254 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)