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Topic: Confabulation

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	BrainMind.com - Confabulation & Delusional Denial
		In that all other attempts to elicit confabulation from this patient was unsuccessfully, it appears that in the single instance of confabulatory responding, once"consciousness"returned and events again began to e recorded in memory, the patient was faced with the remnants of behavior (i.e., the hat in his hands), which he then attempted to explain.
		Confabulation is not a unitary syndrome and does not appear to result from a specific type of lesion or in conjunction with a particular constellation of disorders.
		Confabulation also often results from a tendency to engage in gap filling, which, in turn, may be secondary to memory loss or intra/inter-cerebral disconnection.
	brainmind.com /Confabulation.html (4922 words)

	Memory Loss & the Brain
		Confabulation is a memory disorder that may occur in patients who have sustained damage to both the basal forebrain and the frontal lobes, as after an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery.
		Confabulation is defined as the spontaneous production of false memories: either memories for events which never occurred, or memories of actual events which are displaced in space or time.
		Neither should confabulation be confused with false memory syndrome, the phenomenon whereby otherwise normal individuals suddenly "remember" supposedly-repressed incidents of childhood abuse or other trauma.
	www.memorylossonline.com /glossary/confabulation.html (417 words)

	Mind Hacks: Confabulation
		It is thought that confabulation occurs because the areas of the brain involved in controlling recollection and evaluating the resulting memories (particularly the the frontal lobes) are damaged.
		Confabulations are thought to be different from delusions, as they are usually not fixed, with some patients reporting different things when asked the same question again.
		The study of confabulation is also interesting because it inspired one of the only neuropsychological studies to use a qualitative approach (i.e.
	www.mindhacks.com /blog/2005/10/confabulation.html (317 words)

	confabulation
		A confabulation is a fantasy that has unconsciously replaced fact in memory.
		A confabulation may be based partly on fact or be a complete construction of the imagination.
		The term is often used to describe the "memories" of people claiming to have been abducted by aliens, as well as "false memories" induced by therapists or interviewers, memories that often involve bizarre notions of satanic ritualistic sexual abuse of children.
	skepdic.com /confab.html (101 words)

	Encephalitis – Possible Outcomes – Confabulation
		Confabulation is the phenomenon whereby patients with memory disorders may produce false memories.
		Spontaneous confabulation, which may rove over a number of themes, sometimes is bizarre, and the content of which is often very preoccupying for the patient, seems to be the result of damage to the frontal lobes, particularly in the bottom part (ventro-medial) of the frontal lobes of the brain.
		Where a person is experiencing confabulation, they should be referred back to the consultant in charge of their case with a view to discussing and managing the confabulation.
	www.encephalitis.info /TheIllness/PossibleOutcomes/Confabulation.html (448 words)

	Department of Philosophy, Elmhurst College: Dr. William Hirstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Confabulators may not show the autonomic signs of fear, but they may still experience fear of paralysis at a more intellectual or cognitive level and this itself may generate the thought that they are fine.
		Confabulators often seem to go through a phase before they fully recover where they form a belief, then remember that it is ill-grounded.
		Another related difference between confabulators and people with OCD or hypochondria is that in the confabulators there is a blunting or total lack of emotional (or at least autonomic) response, while OCD and hypochondria are accompanied by aversive, negative emotions.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~phl/hirresconfdef.html (3309 words)

	Learning and Memory Online Study Guide
		Confabulation occurs because of a disruption in the patient's sense of chronology in relation to remembered events.
		Confabulation arises because patients wish to compensate for lapses in memory.
		Confabulation arises as a result of deficits in he associate/cue dependent retrieval process.
	www.oberlin.edu /faculty/aborroni/Classes/L_M/stdygide/Final/L&MrevF2.html (328 words)

	Metapsychology Online Book Reviews - Brain Fiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Clinically, 'confabulation' is normally used to describe the manufacture of sometimes plausible, sometimes wildly implausible, fictions, especially by sufferers of Korsakoff's syndrome.
		Some confabulations are, as he notes, quite plausible: if you did not know that the confabulator had been hospitalized for the past six months, you would have no difficulty accepting their stories.
		Confabulations might be verbal analogues of utilization behavior: we may regularly produce such hypotheses, and would accept them but for the winnowing effects of our checking mechanisms.
	mentalhelp.net /books/books.php?type=de&id=2580 (2075 words)

	American Scientist Online - Spin Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Confabulation is a common expression of a variety of brain injuries, but of course not all lead to this symptom.
		Although Hirstein strives to account for confabulation with a single mechanism, the maze of clinical and anatomical data he reviews strongly suggests that at the neural level there are different derailments, depending on the type of brain injury.
		Confabulators, after all, remain rational in domains outside of the foci of their various syndromes, in contrast with more global breakdowns found in schizophrenia or dementia.
	www.americanscientist.org /template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/44477 (1538 words)

	Title: "Functional properties of neural circuits for vision"
		Abbreviated confabulation maps a set of individual symbols, called assumed facts (each belonging to a different lexicon of symbols) to a set of symbols (called an expectation) belonging to yet another lexicon.
		Confabulation is akin to pattern classification, with the differences being that the input is a set of symbols from disjoint lexicons (not a point in Euclidean space) and the output is not a single ‘class symbol,’ but a set of such symbols.
		Confabulation is based upon a very limited type of knowledge (a collection of pairwise symbol conditional probabilities, which is assumed to be exhaustive).
	www.rni.org /Seminars/Hecht-Nielsen1_15_04.html (342 words)

	All in the Mind: 15 October 2005 - Confabulation - Unscrambling an enigma
		If we look at what is confabulation, what is the experience of confabulation, one of its characteristics as it lately emerges, although the data is still very new, is that they really experienced it.
		So in terms of the mundane confabulations maybe what’s going on here is that the patient has lost the normal tags or links that we have in our memories to link memories to a particular time or a particular place.
		And there is some evidence now that confabulating patients are unable to do this, so they have a tendency to think that every thought that comes into their mind is real and report it as such.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/science/mind/stories/s1479639.htm (3965 words)

	[No title]
		It has been argued (Joseph, 1982) that confabulation may occur when the language centers of the left hemisphere are isolated from sources of information about which the patient is questioned, such that complete and accurate information is not fully available.
		In these instances confabulation may occur as a result of attempts to fill the gaps in the information received with associations which are in some manner related to the fragments available (Joseph, 1982; Talland, 1961).
		However, confabulation may also result due to other factors such as frontal lobe dysfunction such that (in these instances) an uninhibited flow of irrelevant information is transmitted to and organized by the language regions.
	www.brainmind.com /ConfabulationChildren.html (3359 words)

	Truth about Confabulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The patients that DeLuca works with confabulate because of a rupture in a tiny blood vessel in the brain called the anterior communicating artery (ACoA).
		The rupture of this tiny artery temporarily cuts off the normal flow of oxygenated blood to areas of the brain that are essential to the proper recall of memories.
		At the Kessler Medical Rehabilitation Research and Education Corporation, where DeLuca and his colleagues conduct their research, neuropsychologists, physicians, and therapists help people with confabulation to become aware that some of the memories they recall, believe, and even passionately defend are inaccurate.
	www.memorylossonline.com /pastissues/summer2000/confabulation.html (792 words)

	MedFriendly.com: Confabulation
		Confabulation is when someone unintentionally tries to cover up gaps in memories by fabricating experiences or situations through making up incorrect and bizarre responses to questions.
		Since confabulation is unintentional, it is not the same as lying.
		Confabulation is used as a defense mechanism and is seen in people with alcoholism, amnesia (memory loss), dementia, lead poisoning, head injury, post-traumatic states, Wernicke's syndrome, (a type of brain damage due to a vitamin deficiency) and Korsakoff's syndrome (another type of brain damage due to a vitamin deficiency).
	www.medfriendly.com /confabulation.html (255 words)

	APS 15th Annual Convention Program Book :: Submission Detail
		Imagination and confabulation caused false memories on immediate and delayed tests (described by signal detection analysis and remember/know judgments).
		Imagination and forced confabulation are used to examine possible differences in the creation of false memories using internal and external source monitoring, respectively.
		During the confabulation activity, participants were questioned about the video event and read aloud scripted responses.
	www.psychologicalscience.org /cfs/program/view_submission.cfm?Abstract_ID=4263 (583 words)

	The Narcissist's Confabulated Life
		They prop-up the confabulator's self-esteem, regulate his (or her) sense of self-worth, and buttress his (or her) self-image.
		The confabulator realizes that his recounted exploits are overblown, his brilliance exaggerated, and his sexual irresistibility a myth.
		To challenge the integrity of the confabulator or the veracity of his confabulations is to threaten the very fabric of family and society.
	samvak.tripod.com /journal75.html (717 words)

	Dictionary.com/Word of the Day: confabulation
		Their sentiments were reflected neither in the elegant exchanges between the Viceroy and Secretary of State, nor in the unlovely confabulations between the Congress and the League managers.
		Confabulation comes from Late Latin confabulatio, from Latin confabulatus, past participle of confabulari, to talk together, from con-, together, with + fabulari, to talk.
		It is related to fable, a fiction, a tale; and to fabulous, so incredible or astonishing as to resemble or suggest a fable.
	dictionary.reference.com /wordoftheday/archive/2000/04/20.html (166 words)

	Confabulation
		Huge deserted buildings, an automatic railway shuttling empty carriages between the steel and glass edifices - London Docklands was an appropriately futuristic setting for this year's Eastercon, in the Britannia International hotel.
		Although few publishers or editors were in evidence at Confabulation, Signet launched the Creed imprint, a new line of dark fantasy with books from Storm Constantine, Graham Joyce and Freda Warrington.
		For the first time in seven years, the bid to hold the 1997 Eastercon was contested - with the choice between Illumination 2, a reprise of the 1991 Blackpool convention, or Intervention, a bid from the group that previously ran the highly successful biennial summer Wincons in Winchester.
	www.sandm.co.uk /mary/sfjournm/Confabulation/confabulation.html (311 words)

	Vector Symbolic Architectures
		Bayesian reasoning is so widely known now that I would call it a jargonistic offence of the first order to readers to not state this if this is so.
		Although this chapter doesn't use the term "Confabulation Theory", it does contain "the principle of mammalian induction", which I think is the same thing.
		Personally, I suspect confabulation is far more central to human cognition (memory and reasoning) than most people think.
	internet.cybermesa.com /~champagne/d-reps.org (1679 words)

	Zargoza, et al. (2001). Interviewing witnesses: Forced confabulation and confirmatory feedback increases false memories.
		The forced confabulation effect occurs when subjects are pressed to confabulate information about a witnessed event and then later falsely recall memories for those events.
		This experiment was identical to experiment 1 with the exception that delayed free recall was not tested, and the memory for the interview was tested immediately after administering the recognition test.
		Participants remembered providing the confabulated items as responses, without remembering they had fabricated them; otherwise they would not have claimed they also remembered seeing the events.
	www.uark.edu /misc/lampinen/read/zaragoza01.htm (443 words)

	Ackil & Zaragoza (1998). Memorial consequences of forced confabulation: Age differences in susceptibility to false ...
		Younger participants were more likely to claim confabulated items were in the tape than were older participants (but they were also more likely to say control items were in the tape).
		In the forced confabulation case they might be expected to remember their initial response of denying that the item existed.
		However, subjects may be especially convinced by confabulated events because they have integrated it into their own systems of knowledge and beliefs (Jim's note: Some have made similar arguments for how belief perseverance occurs).
	www.uark.edu /misc/lampinen/read/ackil98.htm (567 words)

	Confabulation Nation
		In the World Values Survey, a project under way since 1995, Ronald Inglehart, a political scientist at the University of Michigan, found that Latin American countries, for example, registered far more subjective happiness than their economic status would suggest.
		They don't think America is an imperialist brute, but are angry that the case to invade Iraq was exaggerated, are worried that we have unnecessarily alienated existing and potential allies around the world, and are ashamed by events like those at Abu Ghraib which violate our ideals as a country.
		The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with the plaintiff, saying the tax subsidy had the effect of hindering "free trade among the states" - and the ruling thus challenges the $50-billion-a-year industry of government giving away hard-earned taxpayer dollars to already-wealthy corporation.
	theconfabulator.blogspot.com (2240 words)

	Illusory limb movements in anosognosia for hemiplegia -- Feinberg et al. 68 (4): 511 -- Journal of Neurology, ...
		Some studies have shown an association between anosognosia for hemiplegia and confabulation.
		This study confirms a relation between anosognosia for hemiplegia and confabulation.
		Remarks on anosognosia, confabulation, memory, and other topics; and an appendix on self-observation.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/68/4/511 (1269 words)

	Corpus Mmothra: Pioneer In Artificial-Intelligence Software Devises New Theory Of Cognition
		To validate his hypothesis, Hecht-Nielsen and his colleagues demonstrated the use of confabulation for language generation.
		Some 8,000 books worth of English-language text were streamed through a computer-based architecture, and when two consecutive sentences within a paragraph seemed topically coherent using a simple thought process, they were marked with symbols and linked.
		“These items of knowledge along with confabulation were then used to carry out the continuation of a sentence based on the first three words alone, or the first three words and knowledge of the previous sentence.”
	mmothra.blogspot.com /2005/04/pioneer-in-artificial-intelligence.html (1201 words)

	[No title]
		Confabulation, he said, is a mental process by which people remember events that did not actually occur-the creation of a fictitious memory that has all the power of fact.
		Confabulation, obviously, can be a valuable tool for a newspaper columnist, but let me assure you that I'm not haunted or otherwise affected by memories of abductions by ETs.
		Radio ratings may be a special form of confabulation, but Ecker's been told he has more than 1.5 million listeners every Sunday night.
	www.paranetinfo.com /UFO_Files/ufo/articles.txt (18764 words)

	Powell's Books - Brain Fiction: Self-Deception and the Riddle of Confabulation (Philosophical Psychopathology: ...
		Some neurological patients exhibit a striking tendency to confabulate — to construct false answers to a question while genuinely believing that they are telling the truth.
		Thus, he argues, the creative ability to construct a plausible-sounding response and some ability to check that response are separate in the human brain.
		The phenomenon of confabulation — the tendency to construct plausible-sounding but false answers and believe that they are true — and what it can tell us about the human mind and human nature.
	www.powells.com /biblio?isbn=0262083388 (268 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: Opinion :: Confronting Car Confabulation
		People are notoriously comfortable in their own, private vehicles, making the Car Confabulation unlike any other form of in-person communication: when asked in Gallup polls, 90 percent of Americans say they would not give up their commutes if given the choice.
		Much like runners and swimmers and cyclists claim to accomplish their deep thinking while lost in the automatic motions of exercise, driving allows a mindless, purposeful action to take place in a seemingly private setting, creating the optimal environment for deep thought to occur.
		The Catch-Up Car Confabulation is really just a 21st century showing of care and love—troubled relationships always feature silent car rides.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=104245 (595 words)

	Confabulation - TheBestLinks.com - Korsakoff's syndrome, ...
		Confabulation is the confusion of imagination as memory.
		People with Korsakoff's syndrome characteristically confabulate by guessing an answer or imagining an event and then mistaking their guess or imagination as an actual memory.
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	www.thebestlinks.com /Confabulation.html (79 words)

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