Where results make sense

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   PR   |   Contact us

sejm - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The General Sejm, first convoked by the king John I Olbracht in 1493 near Piotrkw, evolved from earlier regional and provincial meetings (sejmiki), which arose from the 1454 statute of Nieszawa, granted to the szlachta by King Casimir IV the Jagiellonian. Sejm or Seym is a river in Russia and Ukraine. www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Sejm   (578 words)

Sejm - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography 1.1 Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The legislation was commonly negotiated by a deputation from the lower house (Sejm) with the upper chamber (Senate) and the reigning monarch (considered to be a third, separate Sejm chamber on his own). www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Sejm   (1926 words)

Liberum veto - Biocrawler This rule evolved from a unanimity principle, and the latter from the federative character of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which was essentially a federation of countries. Each deputy to a Sejm was elected at a local regional sejm (sejmik) and represented the entire region. The achievements of that constitution, however — Europe's first written national constitution — were undone by another confederated sejm, meeting at Grodno in 1793. www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Liberum_veto   (382 words)

YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> cs:Sejm   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) According to the "Nihil Novi" constitution a law passed by the Sejm had to be agreed by the three estates (the king, the Senate and deputies from the Sejm). The Marshal (or Speaker) of the Sejm concluded the debates, but he was required to ask the members whether his understanding of the chamber's views was correct and unanimously accepted. The Sejm would vote on the budget as well as on the periodic "national plans" that were a fixture of communist economies. www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/cs:Sejm   (1768 words)

Sejm   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) Sejm or Seym (pronounced: []) is the name of the lower house of the Polish parliament Diet. The General Sejm (Polish Sejm Generalny), first convoked by the king John I Olbracht in 1493 near Piotrków, evolved from earlier regional and provincial meetings (sejmiks''), which arose from the 1454 statute of Nieszawa, granted to the szlachta by King Casimir IV the Jagiellonian. Members of the Sejm presented its proposed legislation to the gathered deputies of the Sejm, where they were discussed at lenght. spellster.com /s/sejm   (1090 words)

Encyclopedia: English: Four-Year_Sejm (Wikipedia)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) Since the beginning of its deliberations in Warsaw, the Sejm was accompanied by increasing publicity and interest of the general population, one of the most famous being the "fl procession" of burghers demanding more equality with the nobility (szlachta). The Sejm abolished the Permanent Council and from 1790 was dominated by the pro-reform king and his political supporters. Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha, Marshal of the Sejm (Lithuania) www.all-dictionaries.com /encyclopedia/EN/Four-Year_Sejm   (777 words)

Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 Encyclopedia Article @ Constituted.org   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) The threat of the liberum veto could, however, be overridden by the establishment of a "confederated sejm," which operated immune from the liberum veto. The Four-Year, or "Great," Sejm of 1788–1792, which would adopt the Constitution of May 3, 1791, was such a confederated sejm; and it was due only to that fact that it was able to put through so radical a piece of legislation. The Constitution abolished several institutional sources of government weakness and national anarchy, including the liberum veto, confederations, confederated sejms (paradoxically, the Four-Year Sejm was itself a confederated sejm), and the excessive sway of sejmiks (regional sejms) stemming from the binding nature of their instructions to their Sejm deputies. www.constituted.org /encyclopedia/Polish_Constitution_of_May_3,_1791   (3899 words)

Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography The Constitution abolished pernicious parliamentary institutions such as the liberum veto, which at one time had put the sejm at the mercy of any deputy who might choose, or be bribed by an interest or foreign power, to undo all the legislation that had been passed by that sejm. A major opportunity for reform seemed to present itself during the "Great" or "Four-Year Sejm" of 1788–1792, which opened on October 6, 1788, and from 1790 — in the words of the May 3rd Constitution's preamble — met "in dual number," the newly elected Sejm deputies having joined the earlier-established confederated sejm. The provisions of the Government Act were fleshed out in a number of implementing laws passed in May–June 1791 on sejms and sejm courts (two acts of May 13), the Guardianship (June 1), the national police commission (that is, ministry: June 17) and civic administration (June 24). www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Constitution_of_May_3   (3779 words)

Szlachta - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography The nobles were conceded the right to refuse to obey the King or his representatives--in the Latin, "non praestanda oboedientia"--and to form confederations, an armed rebellion against the king or state officers if the nobles thought that the law or their legitimate privileges were being infringed. In 1562 at the Sejm in Piotrków they would force the magnates to return many leased crown lands to the king, and the king to create a standing army (wojsko kwarciane). Between 1652 and 1791 any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin: I don't allow), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik. www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Szlachta   (3373 words)

Confederation Totally Explained Confederations tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defense, foreign affairs, foreign trade, and a common currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all members. Confederation Day (like Federation Day in federations) is frequently a holiday in confederations, equivalent to the United States' Independence Day for any entity that achieved statehood as such. Note that historical confederations, especially those predating the 20th century, may not fit the current definition of a confederation, may be proclaimed as a federation but be confederal, and may show some qualities that are today recognized as those of a federation. confederation.totallyexplained.com   (922 words)

Sejm   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) Sejm (pronounced: [sεjm]) was the name of the Polish parliament before the 20th century, or Diet, which consisted of the lower house (Izba Poselska) and the upper house (Senat) and the King. The history of the Sejm dates back to 1493. Since the fall of Communism, the Sejm comprises 460 members elected in proportional elections every 4 years. www.askfactmaster.com /Sejm   (137 words)

Spartanburg SC | GoUpstate.com | Spartanburg Herald-Journal The Bar Confederation began a civil war with the goal of overthrowing the King, and fought on until 1772 when they were overwhelmed by Russian intervention. A major opportunity for reform seemed to present itself during the "Great" or "Four-Year Sejm" of 1788–92, which opened on October 6, 1788, and from 1790 — in the words of the May 3rd Constitution's preamble — met "in dual number," the newly elected Sejm deputies having joined the earlier-established confederated sejm. The provisions of the Government Act were fleshed out in a number of laws passed in May–June 1791 on sejms and sejm courts (two acts of May 13), the Guardianship (June 1), the national police commission (that is, ministry: June 17) and civic administration (June 24). www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Constitution_of_May_3,_1791   (3549 words)

Sejm info here at en.120t.info   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) Sejm Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland und the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland und the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland The Marshal (or Speaker) of the Sejm concluded the debates, but he was commitmented to ask the affiliates whether their perceptive of the chamber's upshots was determinate und unanimously accepted. The Sejm would vote on the budget as safe as on the periodic "national plans" that were a fixture of communist economies. en.120t.info /Sejm   (2119 words)

Sejm info here at en.12-year.info   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) Sejm Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland 'n the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland 'n the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland Extraordinary sejms could be whooped in times of sovereign meltdown 'n terminal shorter, for example, a sejm whether to whoop pospolite ruszenie terminal longer than two weeks. The Sejm would vote on the budget as bushy-tailed as on the periodic "national plans" that were a fixture of communist economies. en.12-year.info /Sejm   (2076 words)

Informat.io on Sejm The Sejm (pronounced: [sɛjm]) is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The power of early sejms grew during the times of Poland's fragmentation (1146-1295), when power of individual rulers waned and various councils and wiece grew stronger. In 1791, the "Great" or Four-Year Sejm of 1788–1792 adopts the May 3rd Constitution at the Royal Castle, Warsaw. www.informat.io /?title=sejm   (1600 words)

Liberum_veto info here at en.13-year.info   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) In the alpha of the 18th century, it became with acceleration current for Sejm periods to be mangled up by liberum veto, as the Commonwealth's neighbors — chiefly Russia & Prussia — enclosure in a brave bucksaw to frustrate attempts at reforming & strengthening the Commonwealth. After 1764 the liberum veto practically went démodé of use: the principle of unanimity bind "confederated sejms," & so deputies formed a "confederation" (Polish: konfederacja) at the alpha of a buzz session in propriety to bar its disruption by liberum veto. The liberum veto was abolished by the May 3rd, 1791, Constitution (adopted by a confederated sejm), which permanently provided the principle of max rule. en.13-year.info /Liberum_Veto   (503 words)

Informat.io on Sejmik Sejmiks arose from the 1454 Nieszawa Statutes, granted to the szlachta by King Casimir IV Jagiellon. Their goal was to agree on a position for the Sejm Walny (General Sejm) and issue instructions for the deputies on how they were supposed to vote during the General Sejm. All the nobility (szlachta) residing in a voivodeship were eligible to participate in sejmiks (and only the nobility from the given territory, this was confirmed by the nihil novi constitution); other estates sent only delegations with an advisory voice. www.informat.io /?title=Sejmik   (566 words)

Sejm   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) The legislation was commonly negotiated by a deputation from teh lower house, Sejm, with teh upper chamber, Senate, & teh reigning monarch, considered to be a third - separate Sejm chamber on his own,. Extraordinary sejms could be called inside times 0f national emergency & last shorter - for example - a sejm deciding whether to call pospolite ruszenie shouldn't last longer than two weeks. The Sejm would vote on teh budget as well as on teh periodic "national plans" that were a fixture 0f communist economies. www.hunting4hunting.info /Sejm   (2420 words)

Confederated sejm Confederated sejm (Polish: sejm skonfederowany) was a form of sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. Under rules of confederation, decisions were made by the majority of deputy votes cast, and so the generally destructive privilege of liberum veto did not apply. May Constitution of Poland (adopted May 3rd, 1791) www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/co/confederated_sejm.html   (75 words)

CalendarHome.com - Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Calendar Encyclopedia The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja) is claimed to be Europe's first modern codified national constitution as well as the second oldest constitution in the world. The Constitution abolished pernicious parliamentary institutions such as the liberum veto, which at one time had placed the sejm at the mercy of any deputy who might choose, or be bribed by an interest or foreign power, to undo all the legislation that had been passed by that sejm. Under the terms of the May 3rd Constitution, on Stanisław August's death the throne of Poland was to pass to the house of Saxony, which had provided two of Poland's recent elective kings. encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /Constitution_of_third_May.htm   (3544 words)

The Ultimate Sejmik Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) A sejmik (diminutive of the Polish sejm, or parliament) was a regional sejm in the pre-partition Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and earlier in the Kingdom of Poland. Pre-sejm (Polish: przedsejmowe) sejmiks elected deputies (poslowie) to the ordinary General Sejm (Polish: Sejm Walny) that was held every two years for six weeks, and to any extraordinary General Sejm that might be called at any time in an emergency, to sit for two weeks. A sejmik could be disrupted, which eventuality was guarded against by the formation (as at sejms) of a confederation, which obliged majority voting. www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Sejmik   (321 words)

Liberum veto   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31) In the first half of the 18th century, it became increasingly common for Sejm sessions to be broken up by liberum veto, as the Commonwealth's neighbors — chiefly Russia and Prussia — found this a useful tool to frustrate attempts at reforming and strengthening the Commonwealth. The liberum veto was abolished by the May 3rd, 1791, Constitution (adopted by a confederated sejm), which permanently established the principle of majority rule. That Sejm, under duress from Russia and Prussia, ratified the penultimate, Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. www.info-pedia.net /about/liberum_veto   (381 words)

India, Indian States, India States, Indian hotels, Indian News and Indian Tourism, India Travel A confederation is a state or entity similar in pyramidal structure to a federation but with a weaker central government. The American Civil War was a by-product of the formation of the break-away Confederate States of America by U.S. states allied in their desire to form a looser political union and retain more states\' rights for themselves. Confederation was form of military alliance of szlachta in Poland and Lithuania XIII-XIX centuries against the King. www.bangalorein.com /wiki-Confederation   (1293 words)

confederated sejm confederated sejm is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness. The Polish word "szlachta" (meaning the "gentle class" or "noble class", an untranslatable term essentially encompassing the idea of gentility or nobility of blood, and treating the English words gentry and nobility as roughly coterminous: a specific nobleman was a "szlachcic," a noblewoman was a "szlachcianka"). confederated sejm: Encyclopedia II - Szlachta - Szlachta culture www.experiencefestival.com /confederated_sejm   (858 words)

[No title] The sejm, or the assembled estates, shall be divided into two chambers: a chamber of deputies, and a chamber of senators presided over by the king. We stipulate that senators and ministers shall not have a votum decisivum (decisive vote) in the sejm in matters concerning their conduct of office, either in the guardianship or in commission, and at such time shall have a seat in the senate only to give explication upon demand of the sejm. Everything, everywhere, shall be decided by majority vote; therefore we abolish forever the liberum veto, confederations of any kind, and confederate sejms, as being opposed to the spirit of the present constitution, subversive of government, and destructive of society. www.colcc.com /sylabi/dr.marzak/PolishConstitution.htm   (2711 words)

Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Free net encyclopedia The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja) is claimed to be Europe's first modern codified national constitution as well as the second oldest constitution in the worldTemplate:Ref [1] [2]. Its lower chamber — the Chamber of Deputies (Polish: Izba Poselska) — comprised 204 deputies and 24 plenipotentiaries of royal cities; its upper chamber — the Chamber of Senators (Polish: Izba Senacka) — comprised 132 senators (voivodes, castellans, government ministers and bishops). Template:Ref Under the terms of the May 3rd Constitution, on Stanisław August's death the throne of Poland was to become heraditory and pass to the Frederick Augustus I of Saxony from house of Wettin, which had provided two of Poland's recent elective kings. www.netipedia.com /index.php/Constitution_of_third_May   (3324 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)

About us   |   Why use us?   |   Reviews   |   Press   |   Contact us   Copyright © 2005-2007 www.factbites.com Usage implies agreement with terms.