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Topic: Confidential information

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	nipc Invention: Confidential Information
		Confidentiality will be assumed where the nature of the information is such that no rational person would willingly disclose it otherwise than in confidence.
		The best way to make sure that the confidante understands and accepts that such information is confidential and has been disclosed in confidence is to ask him or her to acknowledge such understanding in writing.
		Another purpose of a confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement is to impose a positive obligation on a confidante, such as obtaining similar undertakings from employees or taking proceedings to prevent disclosure or use by them.
	nipcinvention.blogspot.com /2005/11/confidential-information.html (1253 words)

	Confidential Information (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Information is not protected by the courts if the owner of the information does not treat the information as confidential.
		Information may be protected as confidential even if the material from which it is developed is in the public domain.
		The protection given to confidential information generally is lost if it can be shown that the information is well known in the trade and is freely available for use and disclosure by the trade.
	www.bereskinparr.com.cob-web.org:8888 /English/about_ip/confidential_information/aboutip_ci_1.html (651 words)

	Confidential information \| OUT-LAW.COM
		Confidential information can relate to any subject matter and be stored in any form (whether hardcopy, electronic or even stored in peoples' minds).
		Confidential information may be disclosed when discussing business proposals with clients, using employees to carry out work, engaging third party contractors and communicating business information to suppliers.
		To increase the chances of being able to restrict use of confidential information by ex-employees, it is important that a business can show that, (a) the ex-employees knew that the information concerned was highly confidential; and (b) appropriate measures were taken to protect the information.
	www.out-law.com /page-389 (848 words)

	Confidential Information Security Program
		It is information that identifies or describes an individual, including but not limited to, his or her social security number, physical description, home address, home telephone number, ethnicity, gender, telephone number, signature, passport number, bank account number, education, financial matters, medical or employment history, performance evaluations, full facial photos and other biometric identifiers.
		Personal information does not include publicly available information that is lawfully made available to the general public from federal state, or local government records or publicly available directories containing information an individual has voluntarily consented to have publicly disseminated or listed, such as name, address, or telephone number.
		Information Technology Services (ITS) is responsible for the physical security of computer stored information and for developing administrative controls for access to and use of electronic information handled by ITS for the purpose of safeguarding personal information.
	daf.csulb.edu /offices/vp/information_security/cis_program.html (2057 words)

	Trade secret - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In some jurisdictions, such secrets are referred to as "confidential information", while in others they are a subset or example of confidential information.
		The temporary monopoly on the subject matter of the patent is regarded as a quid pro quo for thus disclosing the information to the public.
		In Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, confidentiality and trade secrets are regarded as an equitable right rather than a property right (with the exception of Hong Kong where a judgment of the High Court indicates that confidential information may be a property right).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Confidential_information (1421 words)

	DMV and Your Information
		Personal information is defined as information that identifies or describes an individual, including, but not limited to, his or her name, social security number, physical description, home address, home telephone number, education, financial matters, and medical or employment history.
		However, residence address information is confidential and may only be disclosed to a court, law enforcement agency, government agency, or when authorized by a specific federal or state statute.
		Information required pertains to eligibility for issuance of a Motor Carrier of Property Permit and is required under authority of Division 14.85 of the California Vehicle Code.
	www.dmv.ca.gov /dl/authority.htm (2104 words)

	Confidential Information
		Should the receiver of such information ("the confidante") threaten to do so, the person who imparted it to him or her is entitled to an injunction to restrain such unauthorized use or disclosure.
		That means that he or she must be asked to treat the information as confidential or it must be obvious to him or her that the information is given in confidence.
		That does not mean that the information is confidential and the employee is usually free to use skills and knowledge that he or she gained with another employer.
	www.ipit-update.com /conf.htm (776 words)

	Annex on the Protection of Confidential Information ("Confidentiality Annex")
		The obligation to protect confidential information shall pertain to the verification of both civil and military activities and facilities.
		The dissemination of confidential information within the Organization shall be strictly on a need-to-know basis.
		Not less than 30 days before an employee is given clearance for access to confidential information that refers to activities on the territory or in any other place under the jurisdiction or control of a State Party, the State Party concerned shall be notified of the proposed clearance.
	www.opcw.org /html/db/cwc/eng/cwc_confidential.html (1607 words)

	Security Classification of Information, volume 2 (Quist), Chapter Seven
		Confidential Information The Confidential classification level "shall be applied to information, the unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause damage to the national security." All of the important terms used by the EO to describe the Confidential classification level have been defined earlier in this chapter.
		Vital information concerning radically new and extremely important equipment (munitions of war), such as nuclear weapons, atomic weapons stockpile data, and any other munitions of comparable importance the scientific or technological development aspects of which are vital to national defense.
		If the Confidential category was not effective, then that ineffectiveness may have been caused by inadequate enforcement by security of improper handling of documents or materials in that category, rather than due to improper placement of information in that category.
	www.fas.org /sgp/library/quist2/chap_7.html (4359 words)

	"Obtaining Confidential Financial Information by Pretexting"
		The Principles require IRSG participants to obtain information only from "sources known as reputable in the government and private sectors" and to maintain a policy of "openness" regarding the types of information they have, their sources, and how information is collected.
		Obtaining confidential information under false pretenses would therefore be inconsistent with the spirit, if not the letter, of the Principles.
		To the extent information obtained from a non-public source is publicly available, such as a home address obtained from a credit reporting agency but also listed in the phone book, that information is not treated as non-public and therefore not restricted under the IRSG Principles.
	www.ftc.gov /os/1998/07/pretexttes.htm (4232 words)

	Confidentiality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Confidentiality has been defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as "ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to have access" and is one of the cornerstones of Information security.
		Confidentiality is one of the design goals for many cryptosystems, made possible in practice by the techniques of modern cryptography.
		Confidentiality of information, enforced in an adaptation of military's classic "need-to-know" principle, forms the cornerstone of information security in today's corporates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Confidentiality (691 words)

	Protecting Confidential Information
		Confidential records such as loan applications (including Social Security numbers, personal and business income and bank account numbers), employee records and customer account records had been discovered in the bank's dumpster.
		To prevent confidential information from falling into the wrong hands (or being seen by the wrong eyes), establish strict guidelines for the employee handling of all confidential documents.
		Employees should never handle confidential documents when their attention is divided--for example, taking employment applications while checking out customers or answering phones.
	www.nfib.com /object/3663444.html (515 words)

	CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION/ELECTRONIC INFORMATION
		Except to the extent legally required, such information, or confidential employee data, should not be disclosed to people inside or outside the Company who do not have a legitimate work-related need to know.
		In addition to the proper use of information, it is important for employees to prevent misuse, disclosure, or destruction (other than in accordance with the appropriate record-retention policy) of the information for which they are responsible.
		In handling the Company’s information or information owned by a third party and/or licensed by the Company, employees should comply with copyright laws, computer software licensing agreements, and relevant Company policy.
	www.whirlpoolcorp.com /governance/code_of_ethics/confidential_info.asp (186 words)

	601-Treatment of Confidential Information
		To identify information that would be considered confidential and to establish guidelines on the treatment and disclosure of confidential information.
		Confidential information should be kept in safe and secure places, and accessible only to those whose work requires them to access it.
		Employees who are hired into positions that require the handling of confidential information are required to keep such information safeguarded and not to disclose it, except as permitted or required in the course of their job duties.
	hr.uchicago.edu /policy/p601.html (606 words)

	Disclosing Confidential Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It briefly defines what the information is, and it says that records of the information (which may be documents or drawings or software) should be marked "Confidential" or "Proprietary".
		The definition of what the confidential information consists of is followed in clauses 1.1 to 1.3 by what are known as Releases from Confidentiality, i.e.
		Sometimes the flow of information is two-way, with both parties disclosing confidential information to the other, such as when a joint venture is being set up between them.
	www.wipo.int /sme/en/documents/disclosing_inf.htm (1227 words)

	Indiana State Ethics Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A state officer or employee shall not divulge information of a confidential nature, except as permitted by law (40 IAC 2-1-9(h)).
		Under state ethics rules, "information of a confidential nature" means information obtained by the employee because of the position or office he holds, and which:
		However, this does not include information that is filed with or received by a public agency pursuant to state statute.
	www.ai.org /ethics/pubs/confinfoguide.html (704 words)

	EMAIL, PRIVILEGE, CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
		To be privileged, information conveyed to a lawyer must be communicated in confidence, and not in the presence of third parties.
		It is not, however, reasonable to require that a mode of communicating information must be avoided simply because interception is technologically possible, especially when unauthorized interception or dissemination of the information is a violation of law.
		As with the issue of whether the communication is confidential, the same reasonable expectation of privacy analysis applies to the reasonableness of the precautions taken to prevent inadvertent disclosure.
	www.fmew.com /archive/LatestArticle (4726 words)

	Confidential Information
		In a nondisclosure agreement, a person who is given access to trade secrets or confidential information by another person promises not to disclose them to others without permission from the trade secret owner.
		In case of a lawsuit, the nondisclosure agreement shows a court that the disclosing party made efforts to protect its confidential information from unauthorized disclosure.
		The Laboratory policy and procedure for this case is described in the RPM Section 5.06 ("Proprietary Information from External Sources").
	www.lbl.gov /Workplace/patent/nda.html (556 words)

	U-M Office of University Audits
		Confidential information obtained by audit personnel during the course of their employment will be treated in a private and secure manner.
		Confidential information will not be shared with external agencies, groups or persons without specific approval from the Executive Director.
		They will not use confidential information for personal gain or in any manner which would be contrary to the law or detrimental to the legitimate and ethical objectives of the University.
	www.umich.edu /~uaudits/confidentiality.html (425 words)

	Confidentiality Agreement (BitLaw)
		A confidentiality or non-disclosure agreement is crucial for an inventor or any other party who needs to protect confidential information.
		The disclosing party may be reluctant to describe the information in the contract, for fear that some of the confidential information might be revealed in the contract itself.
		Confidential information is only revealed to another party for a specific purpose.
	www.bitlaw.com /forms/nda.html (1086 words)

	OTD: Services: Confidentiality Agreements
		The University provides and receives proprietary information to and from third parties who execute the University's Confidentiality Agreement (CDA) for a number of purposes, including evaluation of the information for licensing, sponsoring research, or otherwise entering into a relationship with the University and its faculty.
		Outside organizations may request that the University sign agreements with confidentiality provisions to protect confidential information given during the course of sponsored research, clinical trials, material transfers, or discussions between the parties for other reasons.
		It is important that written confidential information be stamped "CONFIDENTIAL." It may also be necessary, depending on the final terms of the CDA, for orally disclosed information to be declared confidential at the time of disclosure, and a follow up letter describing the disclosed confidential information sent to the other party.
	research.unc.edu /otd/services/confidential.html (299 words)

	Reporting Privileged and Confidential Information
		If certain pertinent information is prohibited from general disclosure, the report on the attestation engagement should state the nature of the information omitted and the requirement that makes the omission necessary.
		For example, detailed information related to computer security for a particular program may be excluded from publicly available reports if potential damage could be caused by the misuse of this information.
		If auditors make the judgment that certain information should be excluded from a publicly available report, they should state the general nature of the information omitted and the reasons that make the omission necessary in the report.
	www.gao.gov /govaud/yb/2003/html/chap616.html (349 words)

	[No title]
		Confidential Information and Materials (a) "Confidential Information" shall mean any nonpublic information that the Company specifically marks and designates, either orally or in writing, as confidential or which, under the circumstances surrounding the disclosure, ought to be treated as confidential.
		"Confidential Information" includes, but is not limited to, product schematics or drawings, descriptive material, specifications, software (source code or object code), sales and customer information, the Company's business policies or practices, information received from others that the Company is obligated to treat as confidential, and other materials and information of a confidential nature.
		However, Recipient may disclose Confidential Information in accordance with judicial or other governmental orders, provided Recipient shall give the Company reasonable notice prior to such disclosure and shall comply with any applicable protective order or equivalent.
	www.tannedfeet.com /Unilateral_Confidentiality_Agreement.doc (1219 words)

	Disclosing confidential information in consultations and for didactic purposes: Ethical Standards 4.06 and 4.07
		Put another way, it is permissible to disclose confidential information without your client's consent if the disclosure is necessary for the consultation to be effective.
		General Principle B, Fidelity and Responsibility, states, "Psychologists are aware of their professional and scientific responsibilities to society and to the specific communities in which they work." For many psychologists, advancing the science of psychology and preparing the next generation of psychologists are central to their professional lives and to their identity as psychologists.
		Disclosing confidential information involves values and serves goals that are fundamental to psychology.
	www.apa.org /monitor/apr05/ethics.html (907 words)

	Confidential Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although the term "Confidential Information" is not one that is succinctly defined for legal purposes, it is generally understood to include any information that a company or individual creates, discovers or acquires that is held in confidence and the improper disclosure of which would be harmful to the owner.
		To insure that the information is not improperly disclosed by the party receiving it, the owner should enter into an appropriate non-disclosure (i.e.
		In the event that an owner of Confidential Information seeking redress for improper disclosure or attempting to restrain such disclosure, the foregoing practices will assist in convincing the court that the information is normally maintained in privacy and that disclosure is inappropriate.
	www.smartagreements.com /bltopics/Bltopic2.html (362 words)

	PFA -- Release of Confidential Information
		The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, a federal law that protects the confidentiality of a student's education record, and Montana state statutes, specify that the university may not release information from a student's record to anyone outside of the university without the express written consent of the student.
		This means that MSU generally must withhold such information from parents and others who believe their relationship with the student entitles them to have the information.
		Education records covered by federal and state privacy laws include grades, housing information, financial status, results of disciplinary proceedings, class schedules and courses, etc. Health information maintained by the university, including medical and psychological records, is also protected under separate Montana statutes governing the release of health information.
	www.montana.edu /wwwpfa/confidential.html (269 words)

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