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Topic: Conflation

	Priority - Conflation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The general term "conflation" is used in the GIS industry and elsewhere for the many versions of this problem, which range from combining digitized topographic maps and GPS as sources of street centerline locations, to edgematching of misfit data across boundaries, to combining information from different sensors in remote sensing.
		Conflation research is under way in numerous agencies, institutions, and in the vendor community.
		Conflation of images from different sensors allows value to be added by combining images of high spectral resolution with images of high spatial resolution.
	www.ncgia.ucsb.edu /research/ucgis/proposals/conflation.html (378 words)

	What is Conflation? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Conflation is the process of transferring attributes from a source line layer based on one level of accuracy and precision to a target line layer of a different precision and accuracy.
		However, typically, the layers where conflation is to take place, do not overlay and as noted by the fl circles, the two layers do not share the same number of lines.
		Conflation process must be used to merge these unlike databases.
	www.digitalcorp.com /whatisconflation.htm (483 words)

	Sidestepping the Semantics of ‘Consciousness’
		According to his diagnosis, the fallacy results from the conflation of P and A, and he explains the conflation by appeal to the ambiguity of ‘consciousness’: “An ambiguous word often corresponds to an ambiguous mental representation, one that functions in thought as a unitary entity and thereby misleads.” (sect.
		For, as I shall argue, conflations between P and A can be explained without supposing that ‘consciousness’ is ambiguous, indeed without entering into the semantics of ‘consciousness’ at all.
		In this example, both “kinds of fullness” are missing from the pool, and conflating the two, the employee fallaciously infers that the manager was upset because the pool was not filled with people.
	research.haifa.ac.il /~antony/papers/Block.htm (1290 words)

	Stemming and N-gram matching for term conflation in Turkish texts
		One of the main problems involved in the use of free text for indexing and retrieval is the variation in word forms that is likely to be encountered (Lennon, et al., 1981) The most common type of variations are spelling errors, alternative spellings, multi-word concepts, transliteration, affixes and abbreviations.
		One way to alleviate this problem is to use a conflation algorithm, a computational procedure that is designed to bring together words that are semantically related, and to reduce them to a single form for retrieval purposes.
		Conflation algorithms can be broadly divided into two main classes: stemming algorithms, which are language dependent and which are designed to handle morphological variants, and string-similarity algorithms, which are (usually) language independent and which are designed to handle all types of variant.
	www.informationr.net /ir/2-2/paper13.html (2140 words)

	Sociology at UL: Conflation project
		Conflation, Construction and Content is a major project dealing with mass media treatment of new migrants into Ireland, particularly in relation to issues of representation and construction.
		The primary goal of the Conflation, Construction and Content project is to inform immigrants, media professionals, relevant NGOs and policy makers, as well as the public at large, about the significance of the media to public attitudes towards inward immigrants to Ireland.
		The Doras Luimní DVD "Refugees and Asylum Seekers" featuring the Construction, Conflation and Content project was presented to the President of Ireland on February 6th 2006 at Áras an Uachtaráin.
	www.ul.ie /sociology/conflation.html (1280 words)

	CCTP Unit 11
		Conflation is a less well defined term that is associated with the many issues and problems associated with integrating two or more datasets that cover the same portion of the earth.
		Conflation could be described as all the issues associated with the benefits a GIS creates by allowing for the interface of co-spatially extent geographic datasets.
		Our take on the big picture with respect to conflation is that the merging of spatial data allows for manipulation, analysis, and comparison within and between co-spatially extensive data.
	www.ncgia.ucsb.edu /education/curricula/cctp/units/unit11/11.html (1997 words)

	Causes of the Corruption of the Traditional Text of the Holy Gospels \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Conflation is the combination of two (or more) different expressions into one.
		If Conflation is so common, he might have produced a large number of references without working out more than was enough for illustration as patterns.
		It must be borne in mind, that for Conflation two differently-attested phrases or words must be produced which are found in combination in some passage of the Traditional Text.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/burgon/corruption.iii.xix.html?scrBook=Luke&scrCh=4&scrV=4 (5069 words)

	Untitled
		Conflation is defined as to the combination or fusion (of two variant texts, for example) into one whole.
		The purpose of this essay is to go through a number of cases of attempts at conflation of science and religion.
		Brissenden is not the only scientist in recent years to find himself on this slippery slope nor are all cases of conflation based on specific religions.
	www.geocities.com /synapse1981/Essays/conflationessay.html (2272 words)

	Spatial Data Integration: A Case Study of Map Conflation
		The county's primary interest in conflating the census block boundaries to its GIS base is to generate Census 2000 Collection Blocks (from the block coverage) for every additional address submitted to the Census Bureau as part of the Local Update of Census Addresses (LUCA) program.
		Secondly, the map conflation also allows the county to correlate the block level census data to the parcel level geography so that the county and others can implement very interesting and intricate statistical, sociological, and spatial analysis on growth and change patterns.
		The first system of map conflation was developed by the Bureau of Census to transfer attributes from their own digital cartographic files to USGS linework files.
	www.cobblestoneconcepts.com /ucgis2summer/kang/kang_main.htm (2067 words)

	Nadine Schuurman
		Conflation is a process through which multiple spatial geometries representing the same area on earth are reconciled.
		This paper addresses this limitation by (i) illustrating the extent of spatial mis-match between the 1996 and 2001 census; (ii) examining attempts to rectify this problem in other jurisdictions; and (iii) presenting a “made-in-Canada” solution for conflation of census geometries.
		We conclude by presenting an example of an analysis in the Canadian context that was facilitated by conflation of census geographies.
	www.sfu.ca /gis/schuurman/research/conflation_massess.html (347 words)

	Georeferencing - News
		The goal is to determine the success of the conflation between such data formats with the understanding that additional investigation might be needed to address the large variety of coverages used in different States.
		In this task, designated use data for CU 03020201 were conflated both manually and automatically with RIT, and the results were compared to determine the feasibility and accuracy of manual and automatic conflation.
		The conflated events must be visually compared to the coverage in order to determine the number of coverage features that were not conflated to NHD events.
	www.epa.gov /owow/monitoring/georef/p0616.html (4109 words)

	Conflation
		The conflation operation is preceeded by insertion operations, which insert grammatical functions as a step in the realization of paradigmatic choices in the three metafunctions.
		The conflation operation then combines these grammatical functions in various ways, specified by the realization rules for further choices made in the interpersonal and textual metafunctions.
		In Figure 1.10 example (a), all three grammatical functions are conflated into a single element of structure: Subject, Actor and Theme are all realized by the same element ``I''.
	www.ling.helsinki.fi /~gwilcock/Tartu-2003/GW-MScThesis/node17.html (240 words)

	GISCafe: Conflation of TIGER with DLG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Conflation is generally a costly and time consuming task involving matching corresponding arcs between two data sets and then transferring the arc’s attributes from one data set to the other.
		In practice, ESEA performs a conflation project with the use of ArcInfo and ECS. The GIS is used to process data prior to and after automated conflation.
		The next step in the ECS conflation process is feature merging, which consists of selecting the desired features and attributes to include in the target conflated data set. Target features can be any combination of matched features, unmatched base coverage features and unmatched non-base features.
	www01.giscafe.com /technical_papers/Papers/paper035 (1635 words)

	Conflation of TIGER with DLG
		Conflation is the process of merging two digital geographic datasets that cover overlapping regions to produce a superior target dataset.
		The next step in the ECS conflation process is feature merging, which consists of selecting the desired features and attributes to include in the target conflated data set.
		An additional tool that compares validation results for the conflated data set with validation results for the source data would be helpful in differentiating which anomalies in the conflated data set were caused by the conflation and which were already in the source data.
	gis.esri.com /library/userconf/proc01/professional/papers/pap610/p610.htm (1591 words)

	Rai ICE
		Conflation is the aggregation of successive updates to produce a single update.
		Conflation reduces both the number of messages, and the amount of network traffic sent on a particular subject.
		Depending on how the conflation service is implemented, the application may be using either an alternative source in the subject name, be connected to a different network segment, or may use different service parameters.
	www.raitechnology.com /RaiIce.html (370 words)

	698 reports
		Using the root of the first lexical gloss form for term conflation was expedient but might not be the best strategy.
		Its case, spelling, phrase compression, suffix stemming, and synonym switching functionality are directly applicable to the free text term conflation problem we are concerned with.
		Synonyms (e.g., heart/cardiac, lung/pulmonary) are entirely appropriate for the kind of term conflation we want to do, but close values are not.
	www.scils.rutgers.edu /~msharp/698_text_mining/698-3.htm (1955 words)

	[No title]
		The word conflation algorithm introduced by M.F. Porter in 1980 (HYPERLINK "http://www.tcnj.edu/~mmmartin/Porter.html"http://www.tcnj.edu/~mmmartin/Porter.html), has long been recognized as a rather simple, computationally inexpensive and successful technique to bring together the words conveying the same or similar meaning and treat them as the same content contributors.
		This word conflation module is intended to be as generic as possible.
		The original intention was for any user familiar with linguistics and conflation algorithms should be able to insert the rules of any particular algorithm and then the system would build the other necessary items and classes.
	www.tcnj.edu /~gibson2/crewrespres.doc (1537 words)

	Company
		ESEA’s industry leading conflation software, MapMerge, is an ArcGIS extension for governments, GIS consultants, utilities, and map vendors who seek to improve data quality by combining data sources.
		MapMerge automates the process of merging or conflating geographic data to create a map that combines the most accurate locations and the richest attribution found in the source data.
		This dramatically saves time and reduces conflation costs by up to 75%, as proven through over four years of commercial use.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /company/viewcom.asp?id=GIS:C_lwasqtze (693 words)

	[MCP] Conflation of Race and Crime Hits Home
		Sent: Sunday, October 09, 2005 1:20 PM Subject: Conflation of Race and Crime Hits Home Conflation Of Race And Crime Hits Home October 8 2005 My youngest son was arrested last year.
		The results of which can be read in studies like the one the Justice Department co-sponsored in 2000 that found that fl offenders receive substantially harsher treatment at every step along the way than white ones with similar records.
		The conflation of fl and crime may be easy for William Bennett, but it never gets any easier for me. Leonard Pitts Jr.
	www.edchange.org /pipermail/mcp_edchange.org/2005-October/001046.html (789 words)

	conflation
		Conflation is the mixing, confusion, blending, or substitution of qualities that takes place when two ideas are equally unknown.
		Many if not most cultures think that death involves a kind of dream, and that dreams are one way the living can visit the Land of the Dead.
		Conflation is an important stable source of cultural ideas because it depends not on what humans can know, but on what they DON'T KNOW.
	art3idea.psu.edu /art3/moon/conflation.html (98 words)

	StreetPro Conflation Information Page
		Tele Atlas then embarked on an aggressive mission to conflate two industry leading databases into one premier resource for all of your street mapping needs.
		The new conflated street product will contain many more streets that are positionally accurate to sub 12 meters.
		The new conflated street database will contain many more streets as a result of merging two premier databases into one.
	www.mapinfo.com /location/integration?txtTopNav=NOT_SELECTED&txtLeftNav=NOT_SELECTED&txtExtNav=NOT_SELECTED&txtDetailType=FREEFORM_TEXTAREA&txtDetailID=5056 (641 words)

	Vivid Solutions Inc. - PRODUCTS
		The JCS Conflation Suite (JSC) is an API and a set of interactive tools which perform conflation on spatial datasets.
		A ubiquitous problem in the field of geospatial data management is the requirement to combine two or more geospatial data sets that have been derived from different compilation programs.
		To address this problem, the JCS Conflation Suite (JCS) set of tools was designed to address many common geospatial data integration problems, but at the same time take a pragmatic approach.
	www.vividsolutions.com /products.asp?catg=spaapp&code=jcs (237 words)

	The Best of Both Worlds: Vector Conflation of Database Segments and Attributes
		Conflation technology offers a cost-effective, efficient method of combining the best attributes of separate vector databases.
		Using GDT's proprietary conflation technology as a case study, this presentation will discuss how conflation techniques can assist in migrating a utility's facilities data from an existing land base onto a new land base.
		As with most other conflation software developers, we use iterative matching, choosing the strongest node matches in an early pass, and then conceptually rubber sheeting and using neighborhood information to match in repeated passes, continuing as long as new matches can be found.
	gis.esri.com /library/userconf/proc01/professional/papers/pap797/p797.htm (2850 words)

	Amazon.com: CONFLATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Australia's conflation with the global market has coincided with a marked decline in altruistic values.: An article from: Arena Magazine by Alastair Davidson (Jul 31, 2005)
		Spatial/temporal mismatch: a conflation protocol for Canada Census spatial files.: An article from: The Canadian Geographer by Nadine Schuurman, Darrin Grund, Michael Hayes, and Suzana Dragicevic (Aug 29, 2006)
		Conflation of piracy and terrorism in Southeast Asia: rectitude and utility.: An article from: Contemporary Southeast Asia by Adam J. Young and Mark J. Valencia (Jul 31, 2005)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=CONFLATION&tag=icongroupinterna&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (450 words)

	[No title]
		Easy Conflate allows users to quickly conflate tabular data from one spatial data layer to another.
		Easy Conflate has been specifically designed to provide a simple, yet full-featured application enabling the simplest possible conflation process.
		Easy Conflate relies on ArcObjects by ESRI which requires that one of the following products be installed prior to use:
	www.greatarc.com /Products/GreatArcProducts/EasyConflate.aspx (140 words)

	IN - Conflation Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Conflation processes are language dependent; herein we consider English only.
		Conflation methods vary in how they are done, what the end results are, and how effective they are.
		In the future, linguistic accuracy may be of greatest importance..
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~cs5604/f98/cs5604cnIN/IN-ConfMethods.html (130 words)

	The Ultimate Map/GIS Directory - CONFLATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Conflation and Rubber Sheeting - from GIS @ Purdue
		Conflation of TIGER with DLG - Stanley L. Dallal, published at GIS Cafe
		GDT Conflation Technology - from GDT's newsletter, explains the benefits and some measure's of their accuracy
	www.gismonitor.com /articles/features/conflation.php (103 words)

	UNCERTAINTY ISSUES OF CONFLATION IN A DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Within this context, conflation is a very evident concern, as the distributed environment entails possible issues of schema (metadata) merging, as well as specific feature data conflation.
		Our previous approach using an expert system for conflation is not directly feasible in a distributed environment.
		Hence, we have developed a model of conflation tailored to a distributed environment, for which uncertainty issues handled by our previous conflation system are fully accounted.
	www7440.nrlssc.navy.mil /abstract%2066.htm (243 words)

	Composing Web Services Using .Net Framework
		The conflation web service would accept two geo-spatial data sources, one with vector format (feature data) and the other with raster format(imagery) and provide a new vector dataset that is conflated to the image data set.
		In the previous quarter we worked on automated conflation technique with quick response time that can be used to design such conflation web service.
		We are currently working on the implementation of the conflation web service.
	www.isi.edu /info-agents/dotnet/01-02-03quarterlyreport.html (609 words)

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