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Topic: Conflict of Interest

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	Alaska Division of Community Advocacy
		Simply stated, conflict of interest is when a person does not appear neutral and the outcome of a decision or action could affect him or her personally without due consideration for the public good.
		Conflict of interest is addressed in AS 29.20.010 and makes it illegal for a municipal official or employee to participate in an official action in which he or she may have a substantial financial interest.
		The presiding officer decides whether a conflict exists and the member is either excused from voting on a matter in which the member has or believes he or she has a substantial financial interest or the presiding officer decides that the conflict is not significant enough to excuse the vote.
	www.commerce.state.ak.us /dca/LOGON/offc/offc-conflict.htm (1591 words)

	Conflict of Interest Policy - Policies and Procedures - Washington University in St. Louis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Conflict of interest exists if an employee's position or authority may be used to influence or make decisions that lead to any form of financial or personal gain for that employee or for his or her family.
		It is acknowledged that, in their wider roles as academicians and professionals, the faculty may be subject to conflicts of interest that are not necessarily financial and that are not within the scope of a policy that is designed to address conflicts of interest in the employer-employee setting.
		A University employee has a conflict of interest if his or her judgment and discretion in research or in other matters affecting the University is or may be influenced by considerations either of personal gain or financial benefit.
	www.wustl.edu /policies/conflict.html (4825 words)

	Conflict of interest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A conflict of interest is a situation in which someone in a position of trust, such as a lawyer, a politician, or an executive or director of a corporation, has competing professional or personal interests.
		Having a conflict of interest is not, in and of itself, evidence of wrongdoing.
		Those with a conflict of interest are (ethically) expected to recuse themselves from (i.e., abstain from) decisions where such a conflict exists.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conflict_of_interest (1846 words)

	CONFLICT OF INTEREST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Employees of the University must be aware that outside obligations, financial interests or other employment may result in a conflict of interest or commitment and could therefore affect the objectivity of employees’ decisions and the effectiveness of their performance.
		A conflict of interest exists when an employee is in a position to influence any University business transaction, research activity or other decisions in ways that could lead to any manner or form of personal gain for the employee, or for his/her family members, other than salary from the University, regardless of source.
		Conflicts of interest and commitment do not include professional and academic activities which are uncompensated (or include only a minimal honorarium), such as: site visits, academic panels, promotion and tenure activities, program reviews, recruiting, journal editing, attendance at or preparations for conferences or other professional activities.
	fpnew.ccit.arizona.edu /senate/conflict_of_interest.htm (2813 words)

	CAE: Michael McDonald, Ph.D.
		I define a conflict of interest as "a situation in which a person, such as a public official, an employee, or a professional, has a private or personal interest sufficient to appear to influence the objective exercise of his or her official duties.
		An apparent conflict of interest is one which a reasonable person would think that the professional's judgment is likely to be compromised.
		This is why conflicts of interest not only injure particular clients and employers, but they also damage the whole profession by reducing the trust people generally have in professionals.
	www.ethics.ubc.ca /people/mcdonald/conflict.htm (1266 words)

	Conflict of Interest: Policy
		A "conflict of commitment" exists when the external activities of an academic staff member are so substantial or demanding of the staff member's time and attention as to interfere with the individual's responsibilities to the unit to which the individual is assigned, to students, or to the University.
		Conflicts of commitment and interest occur because of the type and scope of activities engaged in by the University and its academic staff members.
		When a conflict is identified, and a decision is made to allow the activity to proceed, the appropriate University officer may install appropriate monitoring procedures and restrictions to minimize and control the conflict.
	www.research.uiuc.edu /coi/policy.asp (2340 words)

	NIH Regulatory Burden: Financial Conflict of Interest
		The term "conflict of interest", or many of the terms noted in the paragraph above, cannot be rigidly defined so as to be applicable in all situations, nor should it be presumed that faculty ties between universities and industries are necessarily conflicts of interest.
		Furthermore, conflict of interest does not lend itself to generic regulation or legislation, because it risks the likelihood of stifling legitimate research while missing the real cases that cannot be imagined in advance.
		The Conflict of Interest requirements seek to assure that the conduct of research and the publication of research results are not compromised by financial interest of the investigator.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/policy/regulatoryburden/conflictofinterest.htm (3076 words)

	Public Citizen \| Publications - Financial Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Voting Patterns at Food and Drug ...
		We tested whether the votes of panel members with conflicts could be understood as random draws from a pool in which the probability of voting for the index drug was the same as that for members without conflicts (ie, that holding a conflict had no impact).
		Conflict rates per person-meeting for advisory committee members and voting consultants varied significantly by advisory committee, from a high of 51% for the Anesthetic and Life Support Drugs Advisory Committee to a low of 10% for the Reproductive Health Drugs Advisory Committee (median of advisory committee percentages = 25%).
		Conflicts of interest could have an impact on voting patterns in at least 2 general ways: on the meeting level or on the individual level.
	www.citizen.org /publications/release.cfm?ID=7427 (5201 words)

	Conflict of Interest Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If no conflict of interest existed at the time of the initial proposal but such a conflict arises during the course of the project or proposal, the investigator shall file a disclosure of conflict of interest as soon as facts creating the conflict become known to him/her.
		The responsible representative to whom a disclosure of conflict of interest is made shall review such disclosure and make a determination as to whether or not a conflict of interest exists.
		A conflict of interest will exist whenever the responsible representative determines that a significant financial interest exists which could directly and significantly affect the design, conduct or reporting of the research or scholarly activities funded or proposed for funding by a potential sponsor.
	www.mcg.edu /Research/policy/coipol.html (1493 words)

	Conflict of Interest
		Conflicts of interest occur when university members are in a position to influence a decision on policy or purchases where they might directly or indirectly receive financial benefit or give improper advantage to associates.
		Conflicts of commitment arise when university members' involvements in outside activities substantially interfere with their primary commitments to the university: to teach, to conduct research and to meet related obligations to students, colleagues and the university.
		The potential conflict is obvious, and faculty are encouraged to consult their dean, department head or colleagues for an independent evaluation of the activities' educational merits.
	www.cmu.edu /policies/documents/IntConflict.html (1239 words)

	Conflict of Interest
		Conflicts of interest arise with a variety of conflict-related roles including mediator, arbitrator, judge, legislator, advisor (to one of the parties), and, even, news reporters.
		To avoid this problem intermediaries with potential conflicts of interest are commonly asked to withdraw from the dispute and turn their responsibilities over to someone who truly has no personal stake in the outcome of the dispute.
		In these cases the conflict process tends to shift away from one focused upon neutral intermediaries and toward one focused upon solid, interest based negotiation between the parties., facilitated by an intermediary who is well known and trusted by the people on all sides.
	www.colorado.edu /conflict/peace/treatment/conintr1.htm (475 words)

	Conflict of Interest in Scientific Research
		Conflicts of interest may arise when an employee participates in the business of or has a financial interest in a company that conducts business with the component institution in the area of the faculty member's responsibilities.
		Conflicts of interest occur if the employee's significant financial interest in a sponsor or licensee causes bias in the design, conduct or reporting of research or educational activities.
		Any agreement that raises potential conflicts should be approved and executed in advance, in accordance with the procedures that apply to all sponsorship, license and option agreements, subject to the additional requirement that the Office of General Counsel and Executive Vice Chancellor approve the institution's plan to manage the potential conflicts of interest.
	www.utsystem.edu /ogc/intellectualproperty/conflict.htm (1379 words)

	Conflict of Interest PHS and NSF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Investigators must disclose significant financial interests prior to the expenditure of any funds from an award, and update this information annually or as new interests are obtained during the life of the award.
		The term "significant financial interest" means anything of monetary value, including, but not limited to, salary or other payments for services (e.g., consulting fees or honoraria); equity interest (e.g., stocks, stock options or other ownership interests); and intellectual property rights (e.g., patents, copyrights and royalties from such rights).
		Potential violations of the Conflict of Interest Resolution Plan shall be handled by the Conflict of Interest Resolution Committee made up of the Campus Conflict of Interest Officer, the Internal Auditor, and the Dean from the affected Principal Investigator's College.
	www.sfsu.edu /~orspwww/_postaward/_conflict/conflict.html (921 words)

	Conflict of Interest
		Federal regulations require the university to establish a conflict of interest review procedure with the goal of promoting objectivity in funded research.
		The Conflict of Interest Review Committee, composed of three faculty members, determines whether a researcher's Significant Financial Interest could affect the design, conduct, or reporting of the research activities funded or proposed for such funding, and determines what conditions or restrictions, if any, should be imposed to manage such interests.
		Any conditions or restrictions to resolve or manage conflicts of interest must be implemented before the expenditure of any funds awarded under a grant or contract.
	www.unt.edu /ospa/compliance/conflict.htm (254 words)

	Office of Research - Conflict of Interest
		The term "significant financial interest" means anything of monetary value, including, but not limited to, salary or other payments for services (e.g., consulting fees or honoraria); equity interests (e.g., stocks, stock options or other ownership interests); and intellectual property rights (e.g., patents, copyrights, and royalties from such rights).
		financial interests in business enterprises or entities if the value of such interests does not exceed $5,000 or represent more than a 1% ownership interest for any one enterprise or entity when aggregated for the trustees, officers and exempt employees and their spouse and dependent children.
		If the results of the screening questionnaire indicate the possibility of a conflict of interest, these individuals are required to make annual confidential disclosures to their supervisors of all outside remunerative activities related to their University responsibilities.
	www.nd.edu /~research/Pol_Proc/conflict.html (1440 words)

	Resource Page - Conflict of Interest
		A conflict of interest arises when an individual's private interests (such as outside professional or financial relationships) might interfere with his or her professional obligations to Stanford.
		Conflicts of interest often arise at the intersection of two fundamental missions: to push the boundaries of knowledge and to transfer that knowledge to the private sector for the benefit of the public.
		Conflicts of interest are sometimes difficult to consider in the abstract.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/DoR/Resources/coi.html (1065 words)

	Conflict of Interest
		What we are …the OVPR Conflict of Interest Review Committee reviews financial interest disclosures submitted to them and renders reasonable judgments as to whether the financial or management interests could directly and significantly affect the design, conduct, or reporting of research.
		If a conflict risk related to research or technology transfer is deemed to exist, this faculty committee works with faculty and staff to eliminate, minimize, or manage any actual or potential conflict of interest.
		The goal of the University's conflict of interest review and management system is to ensure that the personal interests of an individual do not unduly influence their primary obligations to Science, Sponsor, University, Colleagues or Students.
	www.research.umich.edu /policies/um/coi (186 words)

	Conflict of Interest
		For purposes of this subsection, a person is not "similarly situated" merely by being or being related to a person who serves or is employed by the state or a political subdivision of the state.
		Specifically, faculty or staff members who have or who reasonably anticipate having either an ownership interest in, a significant executive position in or a consulting or other remunerative relationship with a prospective supplier may not participate in the recommendation of, drafting specifications for, or the decision to purchase the goods or services involved.
		Faculty or staff members who know that a member of their family (or any other person with whom they have a personal or financial relationship) has an ownership interest or a significant executive position in a prospective supplier are also disqualified from participating in the purchasing of the goods and services.
	www.uiowa.edu /~purchase/purchase/P_vendors/conflict_of_interest.htm (912 words)

	Conflict of Interest (COI) Page
		The NIH has had a longstanding interest in objectivity in research and financial conflict of interest.
		Conflict of Interest Workshop Summary (09/30/2002) - (MS Word or PDF) - A workshop on conflict of interest was held on the NIH campus on September 30, 2002.
		NIH Review of Financial Conflict of Interest Policies of Grantee Institutions (07/18/2002) - Information on NIH's review of Financial Conflict of Interest: Objectivity in Research policies provided by 300 institutions.
	grants1.nih.gov /grants/policy/coi/index.htm (224 words)

	Conflict of Interest/ethics re: big pharma, research, vaccines
		Comment: The failure to disclose the possible conflict of interest does not in and of itself mean that there was anything wrong with Wakefield's research.
		If there was as much attention being paid to those with clear conflict of interest re: the vaccine manufacturers as re: someone investigating the issue for a legal aid board, the furor over this might seem fair and reasonable.
		May 2000 - CDC Refuses to Deny Conflict of Interest on Vaccine Policy Committee - AAPS Newsletter - "Government witnesses were not so forthcoming in admitting bias or conflict of interest.
	www.vaccinationnews.com /Hot_Topics/conflict_of_interest.htm (3536 words)

	OHSU Integrity Office - Conflict of Interest Disclosure
		Because the appearance of a conflict may be as damaging to the public trust as an actual conflict, potential conflicts must be disclosed, evaluated, and managed with the same thoroughness as actual conflicts.
		One example of a conflict of interest would be signing a contract for OHSU to do business with a company in which you own stock.
		Whenever a real or apparent conflict of interest is thought to exist and has not already been disclosed on the Outside Activity CoI disclosure form, Conflict of Interest in Research disclosure form, or the Institutional Conflict of Interest form.
	www.ohsu.edu /cc/coi/coidesc.shtml (237 words)

	FDA Advisory Committees, Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
		FDA is establishing a new policy whereby information relating to the nature and magnitude of the conflict of interest that has been waived for an SGE’s participation on a product specific advisory committee will be disclosed to the public prior to the advisory committee.
		Under this provision, all of the information concerning conflicts of interest may be withheld as exempt pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(3) because another statute, the Ethics in Government Act, prohibits release of the information.
		Nevertheless, in order to provide meaningful disclosure of conflict of interest information, the Office of Government Ethics has concluded that, under section 208, agencies have discretion to disclose information concerning the waived conflict of interest absent a foreseeable harm to be caused by disclosure.
	www.fda.gov /oc/guidance/advisorycommittee.html (1044 words)

	Conflict of Interest - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The purpose of this policy is to provide guidance in identifying and handling potential and actual conflicts of interest involving the foundation.
		In most instances, conflicts of interest can be avoided simply by continuing to exercise good judgment and, indeed, the foundation relies on the sound judgment of its employees to prevent many such conflict situations.
		The general rule is that: foundation employees are obligated to avoid and disclose ethical, legal, financial, or other conflicts of interest involving the foundation, and remove themselves from a position of decision-making authority with respect to any conflict situation involving the foundation.
	www.gatesfoundation.org /aboutus/policies/conflictofinterest (217 words)

	Guidelines for Conflict of Interest - Office of the Vice President for Research
		These guidelines are established to provide guidance on the university's policy on conflict of interest and commitment, including outside employment.
		An implicit assumption underlying these policies is that the design, conduct, and reporting of research should not be biased by any significant financial interest and that outside professional activities of university faculty members and researchers must not detract from their full-time obligations to the university.
		However, state and federal agencies have legitimate concerns that any research they sponsor is free of bias, due to financial interests of the investigator and institution; that funds provided be expended as intended; and that the commitment of time and effort be appropriate for the project supported.
	www.utexas.edu /research/coi/index.html (235 words)

	CITES BY TOPIC: conflict of interest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Term used in connection with public officials and fiduciaries and their relationship to matters of private interest or gain to them.
		Generally, when used to suggest disqualification of a public official from performing his sworn duty, term "conflict of interest" refers to a clash between public interest and the private pecuniary interest of the individual concerned.
		A conflict of interest arises when a government employee's personal or financial interest conflicts or appears to conflict with his official responsibility.
	famguardian.org /TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/ConflictOfInterest.htm (211 words)

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